Introduction to ARM7 micro Processor.pdf

about advanced mircroprocessor

1. Prof. Pritesh N. Saxena
EC Department
SCET, SURAT


Introduction to Micro-controllers

2. Inside Embedded System
Processor
RAM, ROM
Timer, Counter
Operating System
Write a C code as per requirement.

3. Embedded System works as per the
codes written on it and not as per
hardware.

4. Embedded System Overview

5. Classification of Processor
Based on bit size
RISC or CISC
Architecture
ARM
MIPS
PowerPC
X86

6. Basic Embedded System
Basic Microcontroller
8051, AVR, PIC, MSP430
Advanced Microcontroller
ARM, DSP
RTOS
Free RTOS, Linux, Symbian, Android
Programming Language
Assemble, C, C++, JAVA

7. ES in Automobile
High end automobiles uses more than
100 microcontroller
4 bit for seat belt
8 bit for dash board device
16/32 bit to control signals

8. RISC Architecture
Fixed size registers
Load and store architecture is used.
Large register banks can be used for
any purpose
Pipeline execution is possible
Single cycle execution

9. System parameters as per your
System??

10. Hardware
Component Selection
Circuit Simulation
PCB Designing
Testing and Verification
Software
RTOS

11. Development tools
GNU Tool Chain
Assembler
linker
Compiler
ARM IDE
Debugger/ Simulator
Interfacing Modules

12. Pipelining
Cache Memory
Memory Organization
Branch Prediction
Virtual Memory

13. Introduction
to
ARM Processor

14. Brief History

ARM (Advanced RISC Machine) Microprocessor was
based on the Berkeley/Stanford RISC concept

Originally called Acorn RISC Machine because
developed by Acorn Computer in 1985

15. Features of ARM Processor
32 bit processor
Load and store architecture is used
RISC instruction set is used
Uniform and fixed length instructions
Inbuilt circuit for debugging

16. RISC vs CISC
RISC CISC
Fixed size registers Variable length
Large register banks can be used
for any purpose
Registers have their assigned
tasks
Pipeline execution is possible Allowed up to certain level
Hardwired instruction decode logic Large microcode
Single cycle execution Many cycles were needed

17. ARM’s
Programmer model

18. Data Sizes and Instruction Sets
When used in relation to the ARM
Half word means 16 bits (two bytes)
Word means 32 bits (four bytes)
Double word means 64 bits (eight bytes)
Most ARM implement two instruction sets
32-bit ARM Instruction Set
16-bit Thumb Instruction Se

19. Processor Modes
The ARM has seven basic operating modes
Each mode has access to own stack and a different
subset of registers
Some operations can only be carried out in a
privileged mode

20. Modes of ARM

21. The ARM Register Set

22. The Program Counter (R15)
When the processor is executing in ARM state:
All instructions are 32 bits in length
R14 is used as the subroutine link register (LR) and stores the return
address when Branch with Link operations are performed,
calculated from the PC.
Thus to return from a linked branch
MOV r15,r14
or
MOV pc,lr

23. Embedded System
15 general purpose 32 bit register
(r0-r14)
R15 is used as PC
R14 is used as lr or linker register
CPSR – Current Program Status
Register

24. CPSR Format
Bit 0-4 is used for mode selection
Bit 5 is used for Thumb instruction set
Bit 6-7 is used for Interrupt handling
N: Negative
Z: Zero
C: Carry
V: Overflow

25. Logical Instruction Arithmetic Instruction
Flag

Negative No meaning Bit 31 of the result has been set
(N=‘1’) Indicates a negative number in
signed operations

Zero Result is all zeroes Result of operation was zero
(Z=‘1’)

Carry After Shift operation Result was greater than 32 bits
(C=‘1’) ‘1’ was left in carry flag

oVerflow No meaning Result was greater than 31 bits
(V=‘1’) Indicates a possible corruption of
the sign bit in signed
numbers
Condition Flags

26. Mode selection