Introduction to child health Nursing final.pptx

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1. E . D EE N A INTRODUCTION TO CHILD HEALTH NURSING

2. At the end of the class the students should be able to learn

3. PAEDIATRICS P a e d i a – c h i l d Iatric - treatment Ics - branch of science Defined as the branch of medical science that deals with the care of children from conception to adolescence in health and illness. It is concerned with preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative care of children.

4. Paediatric Nursing Is the specialized area of nursing practice concerning the care of children during wellness and illness , which includes preventive, promotive, curative and rehabilitative care of children.

5. Taught protection of weak by strong and to give care for the ill by the well. They gave special consideration to the helpless children. Orphan ,asylum for dependent children and hospitals for the care of sick children Impact of Christianity on child care

6. EUROPE: Before the 19th century : People had short life expectancy-great epidemics and contagious disease. Young men died in war because of injuries , Maternal death was high resulted in many children to live in boarding , baby care and asylum.

7. PRINCIPLES IN pediatic nursing ¨Foster growth and development ¨Give high standard and high technology of nu care ¨Not adhering to procedure routine ¨Minimize psychological trauma ¨Provide atraumatic care ¨Family centered care ¨Accept the child and parents as they are

8. FAMILY CENTERED CARE HIGH TECHNOLOGY CARE EVIDENCE BASED PRACTICE ATRAUMATIC CARE COST CONTAINMENT PREVENTION AND HEALTH PROMOTION MODERN CONCEPT OF CHILD CARE

9. Family centered care-definition

10. F A m i L Y c E N T E R E D c A R E -benefits :

11. 3.Evidence-based practice  combines research and clinical experience, while also taking into account the particular patients values to determine the best practice for a particular situation.

12. TRENDS IN PEDIATRIC NURSING

13. ROLE OF PEDIATRIC NURSE IN CHILD CARE

14. ROLES OF A PEDIATRIC NURSE

15. CHILDREN'S TEN BASIC RIGHTS The right to Education The right to Expression The right to Information The right to Nutrition The right to Health & Care The right to protection from Abuse The right to protection from Exploitation The right to Development The right to Recreation The right to Name & Nationality The right to Survival

16. Quiz Can you list any 5 rights of a child? list any 5 trends in Pediatric nursing?

17. N AT I O N A L P O L I C Y F O R C H I L D R E N India is home to the largest child population in the world . The State is responsible for ensuring that childhood is protected from exploitation and moral and material abandonment.

18. N AT I O N A L P O L I C Y F O R C H I L D R E N The Government of India adopted a National Policy for children in August 1974 Every child has universal child rights M e n t a l , e m o t i o n a l , c o g n i t i v e , s o c i a l a n d c u l t u r a l development of the child is to be addressed in totality A l l c h i l dr e n h a v e e q u a l r i g h t s a n d n o c h i l d s h a l l b e discriminated against on grounds of religion, race,caste, sex, place of birth, class,language, and disability, social, economic or any other status

19. A comprehensive health program for all children and provision of nutrition services for children. Provision of health care, nutrition and nutrition education for expectant and nursing mothers. Free and compulsory education up to the age of 14 years, informal education for preschoolers and efforts to reduce wastage and stagnation in schools. Out of school education for those not having access to formal education. Promotion of games, recreation and activities in schools and community centers. Special programs for children from weaker sections . P r i n c i p l e s :

20. NATIONAL POLICY FOR CHILDREN, 2013

21. T h e G o v e r n m e n t o f I n d i a a d o p t e d a National Policy for children in-------------- Q U I Z

22. I C E B R E A K E R

23. LEGISLATION RELATED TO CHILDREN HEALTH Legislation - the act of making or enacting laws

24. Punishment for solemnizing a child marriage-3 MONTHS IMPRISONMENT The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929

25. Punishment for male adult below twenty one years of age marrying a child-imprisonment which may extend to fifteen days, or with fine which may extend to one thousand rupees, or with both.The age for marriage for boys is 21 years and for girls is 18 The Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929

26. R O L N A P A R K C H U R C H | J A N . 2 2 The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Ac The Act prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 years in hazardous occupations identified in a list by the law

27. P r o h i b i t i o n o f e m p l o y m e n t o f C H I L D R E N i n c e r t a i n o cc u p a t i o Hours and period of work Children are not permitted in the following said area- Passenger’s Goods, transportWeaving Cement manufacturing Dying and printing Explosives Tobacco manufacturing Cleaning ash dumps Maintenance of register

28. T h e J u v e n i l e J u s t i c e ( C a r e a n d P r o t e c t i o n o f Children) Act, 1986 The law defines a “juvenile or child’”

29. T h e J u v e n i l e J u s t i c e ( C a r e a n d P r o t e c t i o n o f Children) Act, 1986 However, the juvenile must be sent to an observation home or a "place of safety During the"inquiry" and not a "trial", such delinquents are to be housed in the Observation home and the " i n q u i r y " h a s t o b e c o m p l e t e d w i t h i n four months.

30. The Infant Milk Substitutes, Feeding Bottles and Infant Foods (Regulation of Production, Supply and Distribution) Act, 1992. No person shall advertise, take part in promotion of use or sale, supply of or donate or distribute infant milk substitutes

31. The Pre-Conception and Pre-natal Diagnostic Technique(Prohibition of Sex Selection) Act, 1994.

32. Main provisions in the act are - The Act provides for the prohibition of sex selection, before or after conception. No laboratory or centre or clinic will conduct any test including ultrasonography for the purpose of determining the sex of the foetus. imprisoned for up to three years and fined Rs. 10,000

33. THE EDUCATION FOR ALL HANDICAPPED CHILDREN ACT (1975) The education for all Handicapped Children Act mandate state education agencies to develop plan to provide full educational opportunities to all school age handicapped children.

34. THE CHILDREN ACT (1960) The children act, 1960 in India (amended in 1977 provides for the care, maintenance, welfare, training, education and rehabilitation of the delinquent child. It covers the destitute,neglected,socially handicapped, uncontrollable, victimized and delinquent children.

35. SEXUAL OFFENCES ACT 2003 Aims to further protect children and people with a mental disorder from sexual crimes

36. Child Mortality and Morbidity Perinatal mortality includes deaths between the fetal viability (22 weeks gestation) and the end of the 7th day after delivery. Neonatal mortality includes deaths in the first 28 days of life. Post neonatal mortality includes deaths after 28 days of life but before one year.

37. Child mortality includes deaths within the first five years after birth

38. Under – five mortality rate includes the number of deaths of children less than 5 years of age in a year

39. INFANT MORTALITY RATE Infant mortality rate (IMR) is the number of deaths of babies under one year of age per 1,000 live births. Causes are low birth weight, Acute Respiratory Infection, diarrheal diseases, congenital malformations and infections ( umbilical sepsis)

40. CONCEPT OF PREVENTIVE PAEDIATRICS Levels of prevention 1.Primary prevention It focusses on health promotion and prevention of disease or injury Eg. Well child care clinic Immunization programs Safety programs Environmental efforts Community parenting classes

41. Secondary prevention Focuses on screening and early diagnosis of disease. Eg. Tuberculosis screening Mental health counselling

42. Tertiary prevention Focuses on optimizing function for children with chronic diseases or disabilities Eg. Rehabilitation and disease management programe for asthma, cancer etc.

43. CLASSIFICATION Antenatal paediatrics Postnatal paediatrics Community paediatrics Social paediatrics

44. ANTENATAL PAEDIATRICS Care of pregnant mothers Adequate nutrition Prevention of communicable diseases Preparation for delivery Breastfeeding

45. POSTNATAL PAEDIATRICS Promotion of breastfeeding Introduction of complementary feeding Immunization Prevention of accidents Growth monitoring Health check ups Psychological assessment

46. ¨ C A O IM NC : P E r P e T ve O n F ti P on RE o V f E d N is T ea IV se E a P n A d E p D r I o A m TR o I t C io S n of physical mental and social wellbeing of children Activities: G: Growth M o n i t o r i n g O: Oral Rehydration Therapy B : Breast Feeding I : Immunization F : Family planning

47. ¨Growth chart is recommended by the Government of India to monitor the growth For monitoring growth For diagnostic purpose For planning and policy making For e d u c a t i o n a l tool For action For e v a l u a t i o n For teaching

48. CHECK AND TELL WHETHER THE CHILD'S WEIGHT IS ADEQUATE FOR HIS AGE 6MONTHS CHILD WEIGHING 4KG

49. Oral rehydration therapy Aim is to prevent dehydration and reduce mortality in child¨Aim is to prevent dehydration and reduce mortality in children with diarrhea Composition of reduced osmolarity ORS gms / liter mmol / liter ¨Sodium chloride 2.6 75 ¨Glucose 13.5 65 ¨Potassium chloride 1.5 75 ¨Trisodium citrate dihydrate 2.9 20 Total weight 20.5 2 45

50. Promotion of Breast feeding It is the ideal food for infant According to WHO baby should be exclusively breast fed up to six months Indian mothers secrete 450 – 600 ml of milk daily It reduces IMR in developing countries are 5 -10 times higher among breast fed children

51. FOR CHILD The primary benefit of breast milk is nutritional Human milk contains just the right amount of fatty acids, lactose, water, and amino acids for human digestion, brain development, and growth. A breast-fed baby's digestive tract contains large amounts of Lactobacillus bifidus, that prevent the growth of harmful organisms Human milk is always sterile Sucking at the breast promotes good jaw development 1 Advantages / Benefits / Importance

52. Breast milk promotes a sense of security from the warmth and presence of the mother It prevents clinical problem such as dehydration, hyperbilirubinemia, and severe weight loss Breastfeeding makes the baby more intelligent Breastfeeding may reduce the risk of obesity in childhood and adulthood Breastfeeding has been linked to the prevention of childhood leukemia, Type 1 diabetes and high blood pressure later in life

53. Decrease post-delivery bleeding and the risk of anemia It burns more calories and helps to lose weight and also avoids obesity Reduced risk of pre-menopausal breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and fractures from osteoporosis Breastfeeding can delay the return of fertility through lactational amenorrhea. Breastfeeding diabetic mothers need less insulin 10

54. BABY FRIENDLY HOSPITAL INITIATIVE 1992 AIM is to Promote , protect & support breast feeding 10- STEPS (POLICIES) FOR SUCCESSFUL BREASTFEEDING Have a written breast feeding policy Train all health care staff in skills necessary to implement this policy Inform all pregnant women about the benefits and management of breast feeding Help mother’s to initiate breast feeding within ½ hour of birth Show mother’s how to breast feed and how to maintain lactation even if they are separated

55. Give newborn infant’s no food or drink other than breast milk ¨Practice rooming –in allow mother and infant to remain together 24 hours a day ¨Encourage breast feeding on demand ¨Give no artificial teats and pacifiers to breast feeding infants ¨Foster the establishment of breastfeeding support groups and refer the mother’s to them at dischargether than breast milk

56. Bring your presentation to the next level I mm u n i s a t i o n It is given to protect the children against SIX killers diseases such as diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles, tuberculosis Vaccines are stored at 2 – 8 degree C Contraindications An acute illness with fever Children on immunosuppressive drugs or radiation Leukemia, lymphoma or malignancy

57. ¨Temporary method ¨Permanent method Family planning

58. Vitamin A prophylaxis programme – 1970 Prophylaxis against nutritional anemia – 4th 5 year Control of iodine deficiency disorder – 1962 Special nutritional programme – 1970 Balwadi nutritional programme – 1970 6. ICDS – 1975 7 . M i d d a y m e a l p r o g r a mm e - 196 1 Feeding