Introduction_to_Climatology-1.pdf 1st year 1st semester B.Arch

weather, micro and macro climate.

1. Introduction to Climatology
BAP 113
By Ar. Anupama Chawla

2. What is Weather?
•Weather is the atmospheric condition of a particular geographical
place over a brief period of time e.g. a day/ a night/ a week/few
weeks; measured by temperatures, wind speed and direction,
amount of rainfall, sunlight and atmospheric water vapor.

3. What is Climate?
•Climate is the integrated weather condition of a particular place in a
certain geographical location over a longperiod of time about 30
years; measured by temperatures, wind conditions, atmospheric
humidity, solar radiation, and precipitation.

4. Climate and WeatherClimate
Average
temperat
ure
Changes
in temp
Extremes
in temp
Diurnal range-
Diff between
day and night
temp
Average
Rainfall and
Humidity
Wind
patterns
Solar
radiation
Weather
Temperat
ure
Rainfall
Relative
Humidity
Wind
speed
Sunlight
Cloud
cover
Cloud
cover
E.g. a) Thunderstorm in
summer
b) Foggy day in autumn
c) Sunny day in winter
4) Cold night in October
E.g. 1) Temperate climate
2) Cold-dry climate
3) Tropical climate
4) Equatorial climate
5) Polar climate
6) Hot-dry desert climate
7) Composite climate

5. Architecture and Climate
Geographical region
siteCity
Building
Climatic zone
Macroclimate Microclimate
Topography
Local factors
Green area
Precipitation

6. Global Warming
Global warming is the increase in earth’s temperatures due
to solar radiations and infra red radiations getting trapped
by carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, water vapor,
and synthetic fluorinated gases—are known as greenhouse
gases, causing a Green-house effect.
Global warming is directly attributable to human activity—
specifically to our burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil,
gasoline, and natural gas.
Human Causes of Global warming:
•Transportation
•Electricity Production
•Industrial Activities
Effects of Global Warming:
•Hurricanes and stormslike Hurricanes Harvey, Irma, and
Maria ( 2017)
•Melting of polar ice (Antarctica has lost nearly four
trillion metric tons of ice since the 1990)
•Drought
•Rising sea levels

7. Climate Responsive Architecture
•Building as a third skin
•To reduce cold from outside environments
•To increase air-circulation and natural ventilation
•To reduce heat coming in from outside
•To protect from direct solar radiation
•To increase natural sunlight
•To direct the wind movements inside the
building
•To prevent dampness and mold in rainy areas
Aim:

8. Seasonal Changes
Seasons:
•Spring
•Summer
•Autumn
•Winter
•Rainy
Fun Question: Which countries in the world have Opposite Seasons from India? Why?

9. Factors responsible for Seasonal Changes
•Assignment:
•What are the factors responsible for Seasonal Changes in Climate?
•Choose any one season and describe in detail the change in
temperature, humidity, sunshine hours, wind direction and
precipitation during the season for any one geographical place.

10. Books to refer
•1.Givoni, B. (1998). Climate considerations in building and urban design. New York: Van Nostrand
Reinhold.
•2.Bansal, N.K., Hauser, G. and Minke, G., “Passive Building Design: A Handbook of Natural Climatic
Control”, Elsevier Science. 1994
•3.Hausladen, G., “Climatic Design: Solutions for Buildings that can Do More with Less Technology”,
Birkhauser. 2005
•4.Drake, S., “The Third Skin: Architecture, Technology and Environment”, UNSW Press. 2007.
•5.Koenigsberger, O. H., Ingersoll, T. G., Mayhew, A. and Szokolay, S. V. “Manual of Tropical Housing
and Building: Climatic design” Hyderabad : Orient Longman. 1980
•https://www.nrdc.org/stories/global-warming-101#weather