Introduction to clinical pharmacy

Definition, History, and scope of Clinical Pharmacy in India

1. CLINICAL PHARMACY
DR. RAMESH BHANDARI
ASST. PROFESSOR
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE
KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI
1DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

2. CONTENTS
Definition
Clinicalpharmacy:DevelopmentinIndia
ScopeofClinicalPharmacy
2DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

3. DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI 3
Pharmacist
Weigh and
measures
Medicines
Compound
the medicines
Dispense
medicines
Business man

4. Definition of Clinical Pharmacy
Clinicalpharmacyisdefinedasthatareaofpharmacy
concernedwiththescienceandpracticeofrational
medicationuse.(ACCPshortdefinition)
4DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

5. Definition of Clinical Pharmacy
Clinicalpharmacyisahealthsciencedisciplineinwhich
pharmacistsprovidepatientcarethatoptimizesmedication
therapyandpromoteshealth,wellness,anddisease
prevention.(ACCPdetaileddefinition)
5DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

6. Clinical Pharmacy in India
India’sfirstdegreeinpharmacyatBanarasHindu
Universityestablishedundertheableleadershipof
professorMahadevaLalSchroff.
Astatutorybodyestablishedtocontrolthestandards
ofthepharmacyprofessionknownasPCI.
In1948-PharmacyActwasdraftedundertheaegis
ofPharmacycouncilofIndia(PCI).
6DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

7. Clinical Pharmacy in India
Firsteducationregulationin1953,Diplomain
pharmacybecametheminimumqualification
requiredtopractisepharmacyinIndia
irrespectiveofsetup.
Theeducationregulationsweresubsequently
revisedin1972,1981and1991.
7DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

8. Clinical Pharmacy in India
Traditionalpharmacist’seducationand
practicewasorientedtowardsthe
PharmaceuticalIndustry.
Hence,mostgraduatesemployedintheareaof
production,formulation,qualitycontroland
marketing.
8DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

9. Clinical Pharmacy in India
Duringthe1980sand1990s,theconsequences
ofdrugmisuse,suchaspoorhealthoutcomes
fromdrugtreatment,antibioticresistance,
adversedrugreactions(ADRs)andeconomic
losstopatientsandthewiderhealthcaresystem
areacknowledgedbybothpharmacyand
medicalprofession.
9DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

10. Clinical Pharmacy in India
Havingrecognizedtheneedforpharmaciststo
assumenewresponsibilitiesinhealthcare
remainedaproblem.
Existingknowledgeandskillsin
pharmaceutics,pharmaceuticalchemistry,
pharmacologyandindustrialpharmacy.
10DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

11. Clinical Pharmacy in India
Differentsetofknowledgerequiredby
pharmacistwishingtocontributetopatientcare.
Thoseincludespathophysiology,applied
therapeutics,clinicalpharmacokineticsand
practiceskillssuchaspatientcounselling,drug
informationanddrugtherapyreview.
11DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

12. Clinical Pharmacy in India
In1991revisededucationregulations–
additionofsubjectsofhospitalandclinical
pharmacy,communitypharmacyandhealth
education,anddrugstoreandbusiness
managementinthediplomaofpharmacy
curriculum.
12DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

13. Clinical Pharmacy in India
Lackofteachingpersonnelhinderedthe
developmentofclinicalpharmacy.
Laterwiththesupportfromoverseasacademic
leadersoftheprofessionstartedfirstmasterin
pharmacypracticeprogramatJSSCollegeof
Pharmacy,Mysoreandootyin1997.
13DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

14. Clinical Pharmacy in India
In1998,SriRamakrishnaInstituteof
ParamedicalSciences,Coimbatoreandits
attachedhospitalinitiatedclinicalpharmacy.
In1999,KLECollegeofPharmacy,Belgaum
beganclinicalpharmacypracticeandeducation
programusingtheKLEsHospitalasateaching
base.
14DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

15. Clinical Pharmacy in India
In2001,similarprogramwereestablishedby
Manipaluniversitythroughmanipalcollegeof
Pharmaceuticalsciences;Al-Ameencollegeof
pharmacy,BangaloreandthenbyAnnamalai
universityofTamilNadu.
15DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

16. Clinical Pharmacy in India
Laterinkerala,Governmentcollegeof
pharmacy,TrivandrumthenNationalInstituteof
PharmaceuticalEducationandResearch
(NIPER),PunjabalsostartedPharmacyPractice.
16DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

17. Clinical Pharmacy in India
Asof2011,23institutionsareoffering
postgraduateprograminpharmacypractice.
In2008–commencementofdoctorof
Pharmacyprograminmanyinstitutionsand
Pharm.DPostbaccalaureateinsomecolleges.
17DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

18. 18
Scope of Clinical
Pharmacy
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

19. Scope of Clinical Pharmacy
ProfessionalServices:
Druginformationservices
Clinicalpharmacyinputsonwardrounds
Informationaboutnewdrugs
Patientcounsellingandadviceonindividual
patientmanagement.
19DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

20. Scope of Clinical Pharmacy
DetectionandmanagementofADRs
Choiceofantibiotics
Doseadjustmentinrenal/hepaticimpairment
Doseadjustmenttospecialpopulation
Findingpossibledruginteractions
20DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

21. Scope of Clinical Pharmacy
Preparationoftreatmentguidelinesor
protocols,
Educationofnursesaboutpreparationand
administrationofparenteraldrugs
Interventiontoreducemedicationerrors
Supportforclinicalresearchactivities
21DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

22. Scope of Clinical Pharmacy
Atcommunitypharmacylevel:
Usedtocounselthepatientsabouttheir
medications
Identifydruginteractionsandotherdrug
relatedproblems
22DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

23. SUMMARY
Still,pharmacyprofessioninIndiaisin
transitionfromindustrytoclinicaloriented.
23DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI

24. REFERENCE
G.Parthasarathi,KarinNyfortHansen,Milap
CNahata.Atextbookofclinicalpharmacy
practiceEssentialconceptsandskills.
UniversitiesPress.2
nd
edition.
24DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACY PRACTICE, KLE COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, BELAGAVI