Introduction to Cognitive Psychology.pdf

These are my slides for my discussion on the Intro to Cognitive Psychology

1. INTRODUCTION
TO COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY
Chenaye Gift Marie A. Mercado, RPm

2. It is the area of psychology that focuses on
studying cognitions, or thoughts, and their
relationship to our experiences and our
actions.
It is the study of how people perceive, learn,
remember, and think about information
WHAT IS
COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY?

3. WHAT IS
COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY?
Cognitive psychologists may study how
people perceive shapes, why they
remember some facts but forget others,
or how they learn language.
So, the bottom line is, studying cognitive
psychology can help us understand much
of what’s going on in our everyday lives.

4. Main idea: Knowledge comes from
thinking and reasoning
PHILOSOPHICAL ANTECEDENTS OF
PSYCHOLOGY
RATIONALISM
EMPIRICISM
Main idea: Knowledge comes from
experience and observation

5. Psychologists influenced by rationalism
might emphasize the importance of
innate ideas, logical reasoning, and
mental processes in understanding the
mind. They might believe that certain
aspects of our psychological makeup are
present from the start.
PHILOSOPHICAL ANTECEDENTS OF
PSYCHOLOGY
RATIONALISM

6. Psychologists influenced by empiricism
focus on the importance of observation,
experimentation, and experience. They
believe that our minds are shaped by our
interactions with the environment and
that we learn about the world through
our senses.
PHILOSOPHICAL ANTECEDENTS OF
PSYCHOLOGY
EMPIRICISM

7. Plato's emphasis on the abstract and
eternal nature of Forms influenced
the nature of knowledge and the
mind.
Plato's tripartite soul laid the
foundation on the structure and
functions of the human mind and its
role in controlling behavior.
PLATO (428/427–
348/347 BCE)
RATIONALISMRATIONALISMRATIONALISM

8. Descartes is often considered the
father of modern philosophy.
He emphasized the importance of
reason and deductive logic.
His famous statement "Cogito, ergo
sum" (I think, therefore I am) reflects
the idea that the mind is the
foundation of knowledge.
RENÉ DESCARTES
(1596–1650)
RATIONALISMRATIONALISMRATIONALISM

9. Aristotle's emphasis on experience
and observation as the basis of
knowledge contributed to the
empiricist tradition.
Aristotle's empirical approach
emphasized the importance of
systematic observation in the study
of psychology.
ARISTOTLE (384–
322 BCE)
EMPIRICISMEMPIRICISMEMPIRICISM

10. Locke is a key figure in the empiricist
tradition. He proposed the idea of the
"tabula rasa," suggesting that the
mind is a blank slate at birth, and
knowledge is acquired through
experience.
JOHN LOCKE (1632–
1704)
EMPIRICISMEMPIRICISMEMPIRICISM

11. Berkeley, an empiricist philosopher,
questioned the nature of reality and
argued that our perception shapes
our reality.
His ideas laid the groundwork for
discussions on perception, which
became important in the study of
psychology.
GEORGE BERKELEY
(1685–1753)
EMPIRICISMEMPIRICISMEMPIRICISM

12. Hume challenged the concept of
causation and emphasized the role of
experience in shaping knowledge.
His views on the association of ideas
influenced later thinkers and
impacted psychological theories on
learning and memory.
DAVID HUME (1711–
1776)
EMPIRICISMEMPIRICISMEMPIRICISM

13. He argued that both reason and
experience are necessary for
knowledge.
While knowledge begins with
experience, the mind organizes and
structures that experience.
IMMANUEL KANT
(1724–1804)
INTEGRATIONINTEGRATIONINTEGRATION

14. Dialectic is a way of thinking that involves
considering and resolving opposing ideas
or viewpoints.
DIALECTIC
THESIS
The thesis is the main idea or argument
that someone presents.
ANTITHESIS
The antithesis is the opposing idea or
argument to the thesis.

15. Synthesis is the combination or
resolution of the thesis and antithesis.
SYNTHESIS
NATURE
Refers to the traits and characteristics that
are inherited from our biological parents.
NURTURE
Refers to the environmental factors and
experiences that shape who we become.

16. PSYCHOLOGICAL
ANTECEDENTS
OF COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY
Structuralism
Functionalism
Pragmatism

17. Associationism
Gestalt
Behaviorism
PSYCHOLOGICAL
ANTECEDENTS
OF COGNITIVE
PSYCHOLOGY

18. Thank youThank you
for listening!for listening!