introduction to common gynaecological terms.pptx

This ppt will introduce students to the common terms of gynaecology used in clinical practice and for describing patient's complaints and making a diagnosis.

1. Introduction to gynaecological terms Dr. Shivani Siddhpura M.S.ObsGyn

2. 1) Dysmenorrhoea Dysmenorrhoea is defined as painful menstruation of sufficient magnitude so as to incapacitate day-to-day activities.

3. Types of Dysmenorrhoea: 1) PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA (Spasmodic) The primary dysmenorrhea is one where there is no identifiable pelvic pathology. 2)SECONDARY DYSMENORRHEA (Congestive) Secondary dysmenorrhea is normally considered to be menstruation — associated pain occurring in the presence of pelvic pathology.

4. 2) Menorrhagia: Definition Menorrhagia is defined as cyclic bleeding at normal intervals; the bleeding is either excessive in amount (> 80 mL) or duration (>7 days) or both. The term menotaxis is often used to denote prolonged bleeding.

5. 3)Metrorrhagia Definition: Metrorrhagia is defined as irregular, acyclic bleeding from the uterus. Amount of bleeding is variable.

6. 4)Menometrorrhagia Menometrorrhagia is the term applied when the bleeding is so irregular and excessive that the menses (periods) cannot be identified at all.

7. 5)Polymenorrhoea/Epimenorrhoea Definition Polymenorrhea is defined as cyclic bleeding where the cycle is reduced to an arbitrary limit of less than 21 days and remains constant at that frequency. If the frequent cycle is associated with excessive and or prolonged bleeding, it is called epimenorrhagia .

8. 6)Oligomenorrhoea Definition: Menstrual bleeding occurring more than 35 days apart and which remains constant at that frequency is called oligomenorrhea.

9. 7)Hypomenorrhoea Definition: When the menstrual bleeding is unduly scanty and lasts for less than 2 days, it is called hypo- menorrhea.

10. 8) Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding(DUB) Definition: DUB is defined as a state of abnormal uterine bleeding without any clinically detectable organic, systemic, and iatrogenic cause (Pelvic pathology, e.g. tumor, inflammation or pregnancy is excluded).

11. 9)Heavy menstrual bleeding(HMB) Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) is defined as a bleeding that interferes with woman's physical, emotional, social and maternal quality of life.

12. 10)Abnormal Uterine Bleeding(AUB) Any uterine bleeding outside the normal volume, duration, regularity or frequency is considered abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB).

13. Post menopausal bleeding: Postmenopausal bleeding is vaginal bleeding that occurs a year or more after your last menstrual period. It can be a symptom of vaginal dryness, polyps (noncancerous growths) or other changes in your reproductive system. In about 10% of women, bleeding after menopause is a sign of uterine cancer.

14. Pelvic Organ Prolapse: Pelvic organ prolapse is when 1 or more of the organs in the pelvis slip down from their normal position and bulge into the vagina. It can be the womb (uterus), bowel, bladder or top of the vagina. A prolapse is not life threatening, but it can cause pain and discomfort.

15. Procedentia: Procidentia is a severe form of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) that includes herniation of the anterior, posterior, and apical vaginal compartments through the vaginal introitus.

16. Cystocele: A bulge of the bladder into the vagina is defined as Cystocele. A cystocele can result from childbirth, constipation, violent coughing, heavy lifting or other pelvic muscle strain.

17. Rectocele: A condition in which the tissue wall between the rectum and vagina weakens and the rectum outpouches through the vagina. Childbirth and other processes that put pressure on the tissue wall can lead to a rectocele.

18. Enterocele: Small bowel prolapse occurs when muscles and tissues that hold the intestines (small bowel) in place inside the pelvic cavity weaken, causing the small bowel to descend and bulge into the vagina.

19. Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOD) Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a condition in which the ovaries produce an abnormal amount of androgens, male sex hormones that are usually present in women in small amounts. The name polycystic ovary syndrome describes the numerous small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) that form in the ovaries.

20. Rotterdam criteria for PCOS: 3 points to be considered: 1) oligo or anovulation 2) Hyperandrogenism : clinical and/or Biochemical Clinical - acne/hirsuitism/acanthosis Biochemical - elevated Androgen level (TotalT->70ng/ml, Androstenedione >245ng/dl, DHEA-S>248ug/dl) 3) ON USG- ONE OR BOTH OVARIES MORE THAN 20 Follicles , 2-9 MM SIZE( LESS THAN 10 MM), VOLUME OF OVARIES- MORE THAN 10 CC.

21. Pelvic Inflammatory disease(PID) Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection of one or more of the upper reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries. Untreated can cause scar tissue and pockets of infected fluid (abscesses) to develop in the reproductive tract, which can cause permanent damage.

22. Incontinence: Inability of the body to control the evacuative functions of urination or defecation. Urinary Incontinence - Can be partial or complete loss of bladder control. Types: Stress incontinence - Stress Incontinence is the complaint of involuntary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing. Urge urinary incontinence (UUI) is characterized by the complaint of involuntary leakage accompanied by or immediately preceded by urgency. Fecal incontinence- Can be partial or complete loss of defecation control.

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