Introduction to Complementary and Alternative Medicine

CAM

1. Module I:
Introduction to Complementary and
Alternative Medicine and Integrative
Medicine
COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
PHARCARE 3

2. UNIT OUTCOMES
At the end of the session, student should be able to:
◉Define Complementary, alternative Medicine
◉Identify the different domains of complementary
medicine
◉Define Integrative Medicine
◉Demonstrate familiarization with the terminologies
2

3. COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE

4. What is conventional medicine?
•It is a system in which
medical doctors and other
health care professionals
treat symptoms and
diseases using drugs,
radiation of surgery.
https://www.cancer.gov

5. What is complementary medicine?
•The word "complementary"
means "in addition to."
Complementary medicine is
a term used for a wide
variety of health care
practices that may be used
along with standard medical
treatment.
•Being used together with
conventional medicine

6. What is Alternative medicine?
•Alternative medicine is the term for medical products
and practices that are not part of standard care.
•Standard care is what medical doctors, doctors of
osteopathy, and allied health professionals, such as
nurses and physical therapists, practice.
•Used in place of conventional medicine

7. Complementary &
Alternative Medicine
•is used to describe group of diverse medical
and health care systems, practices and
products that have historic origins outside
mainstream medicine.
-Generally incorporates a holistic approach,
focusing on treating the whole body and the
mind.
- Used widely throughout the world

8. Complementary &
Alternative Medicine
•They have been used/ practiced for years
•Some are subject to regulations (food
supplements)
•Many forms of alternative medicine are
rejected by conventional medicine because
the efficacy of the treatments has not been
demonstrated through double-blind
randomized controlled trials

9. Major Domains of Complementary &
Alternative Medicine
1.Manipulative and body-based practices
2.Energy medicine
3.Mind-body medicine
4.Biological based therapy

10. 1. Manipulative and body-
based practice
•A type of therapy in which the therapist
moves or manipulates one or more parts
of the patient’s body. It may be used to
treat pain, stress, anxiety, and depression,
and for general well-being.

11. 1. Manipulative and body-
based practice
•Manipulative and body-based practices
focus primarily on the structures and
systems of the body, including the bones
and joints, the soft tissues, and the
circulatory and lymphatic systems.

12. 2. Energy Medicine
•Energy Medicine is a word coined by three researchers
who gathered at Boulder, Colorado, USA in the late 1980s.
• This is defined as any energetic or informational
interaction with a biological system to bring back
homeostasis in the organism.

13. 3. Mind-body medicine
•Focuses on "the interactions among the brain,
mind, body, and behavior, and the powerful
ways in which emotional, mental, social,
spiritual, and behavioral factors can directly
affect health

14. 4. Biologically based Practices
- use substances found in nature, such as
herbs, foods, and vitamins. Some examples
include dietary supplements, herbal
products, and the use of other so–called
natural but as yet scientifically unproven
therapies

15. CAM and the Use of Herbal
Medicines
Herbal therapy is used by 12-14% of the US
population, up from less than 5% in 90s.
15-20% of patients taking prescription
medications also take herbal remedies.

16. DOMAIN OF CAMEXAMPLES
1. Manipulative and body-based
practice
Chiropractic and osteopathic
manipulation, massage therapy
2. Energy MedicineMagnet therapy, colorpuncture,
and light therapy
3. Mind Body MedicineTai Chi, Yoga, Meditation
4. Biologically based practiceBotanical Products, Probiotics,
Functional Foods

17. Commonly used
CAM
1.Acupuncture
2.Herbal medicine
3.Manual manipulation treatments
4.Meditation
5.Yoga
6.tai chi
7.Deep breathing exercises

18. Identify this CAM

25. “Herbal remedies are not
to be taken lightly”

26. REASONS FOR USING CAM

27. WHY ARE PEOPLE TURNING AWAY
FROM MAINSTREAM MEDICINE ?
CAM offer optimism or greater personal
attention (Time , Talk and Touch)
"CAM is less expensive (have fewer side
effects?) and is more easily accessible "
Patient has “self-help” approach to health
and wellness
It satisfies a search for “NATURAL” or less
invasive alternatives
Promise of “MIRACLE CURES” and quick
results

28. THE SAFETY OF ALTERNATIVE
MEDICINE
•Understanding that “natural” does not necessarily mean harmless
•While most CAM therapies are safe, many have side effects or can
interfere with standard medical prescriptions.
•Problems often arise when people take large amounts of natural
supplements thinking that "more is better",
•Problem may also arise when people take supplements along with
standard medications without first checking to see if mixing treatments in
this fashion might cause problems.
•Supplement quality is also a concern.
28
https://www.mentalhelp.net/alternative-medicine/the-safety-of-
alternative-medicine/

29. THE SAFETY OF ALTERNATIVE
MEDICINE
29

30. •Symptoms often poorly controlled by
conventional care, particularly back
pain and other painful musculoskeletal
complaints, anxiety, and insomnia.
Failure or dissatisfaction with
conventional health provider
WHY ARE PEOPLE TURNING AWAY
FROM CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE ?

31. High health costs
To treat side effects of drugs and
treatment
Focus on spirituality and emotional well
being
Ignorance and inadequate knowledge
regarding disease .
WHY ARE PEOPLE TURNING AWAY
FROM CONVENTIONAL MEDICINE ?

32. INTRODUCTION TO
INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE
Integrative Medicine – is practicing
medicine in a way that selectively
incorporates elements of Complementary
and Alternative Medicine into
comprehensive treatment plans
alongside methods of diagnosis and
treatment.

33. Integrative medicine
•It focus on health and healing rather than
disease and treatment.
•It may use a wide range of orthodox and
complementary therapies.
•It also involves patients and practitioners to
maintain health by paying attention to
environmental and lifestyle factors.

34. The Defining Principles of Integrative
Medicine
1.Patient and practitioner are partners in the healing process.
2.All factors that influence health, wellness, and disease are taken into consideration, including mind, spirit, and community, as well as the body.
3.Appropriate use of both conventional and alternative methods facilitates the body's innate healing response.

35. The Defining Principles of Integrative
Medicine
4. Effective interventions that are natural and less
invasive should be used whenever possible.
5. Integrative medicine neither rejects
conventional medicine nor accepts alternative
therapies uncritically.

36. The Defining Principles of Integrative
Medicine
6. Good medicine is based in good science. It is inquiry-driven
and open to new paradigms.
7. Alongside the concept of treatment, the broader concepts of
health promotion and the prevention of illness are paramount.
8. Practitioners of integrative medicine should exemplify its
principles and commit themselves to self-exploration and self-
development.

37. P O P Q U I Z
37
___________Refers to non-mainstream practices
usedtogether withconventional medicine
___________ Refers to non-mainstream practices
usedinstead ofconventional medicine.

38. •__________________________ This refers to health
care that uses all appropriate therapeutic
approaches—conventional and non-
mainstream—within a framework that focuses on
health, the therapeutic relationship, and the
whole person.

39. Definition of Terms
1.Traditional medicine
2.Biomedicine
3.Herbal medicines
4.Natural product
5.Traditional healers
6.Homeopathy

41. Traditional medicine
•Traditional medicine refers to
health practices, approaches,
knowledge and beliefs
incorporating plant, animal
and mineral based medicines,
spiritual therapies, manual
techniques and exercises,
applied singularly or in
combination to treat,
diagnose and prevent illnesses
or maintain well-being.

42. Traditionally used Herbal Products
•preparations from plant materials
whose application is based on
traditional experience of long usage of
at least five (5) decades as
documented in medical, historical and
ethnological literature
•do not contain chemically defined
therapeutically active substance(s)
•classified as food supplements/herbal
medicines

43. 43

44. Biomedicine
•A system in which medical doctors and other healthcare professionals (such as nurses, pharmacists, and therapists) treat symptoms and diseases using drugs, radiation, or surgery.
•Also called allopathic medicine, conventional medicine, mainstream medicine, orthodox medicine, and Western medicine.
•https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/biomedicine

45. Herbal medicines
•Finished, labelled, medicinal products that contain as active ingredient/s serial or underground part/s of plant or other materials or combination thereof, whether in the crude state or as plant preparations.

46. Natural product
•those foods that grow spontaneously in nature whether or not they are tended by man.
•It also refers to foods that have been prepared from grains, vegetables, fruits, nuts, meats, fish, eggs, honey, raw milk, and the like, without the use or addition of additives, preservatives, artificial colors and flavors, or manufactured chemicals of any sort after harvest or slaughter.

47. Traditional healers
•the relatively old, highly
respected people with
a profound knowledge
of traditional remedies.

48. Homeopathy
•Based on treating a
disease
•Uses various plants,
synthetic materials, mineral substances diluted
in alcohol or distilled water
•Contain water and
alcohol, the use of toxic
material is rare

49. Ayurvedic Medicine
•Originated in India thousands of years
ago
•Ayurveda believes in preventing disease
•In Ayurveda, it is believed that one can
remain free from any disease by keeping
toxins out of the body
•It also employs both oral medicines
made from herbs and spices and
surgical procedures to flush the toxins out
of the body

50. REFERENCES:
◉https://nunm.edu/research/biologically-based-practices/
◉https://www.nccih.nih.gov/
◉https://homeopathyusa.org/
◉fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-
documents/complementary-and-alternative-medicine-
products-and-their-regulation-food-and-drug-administration#ii
◉https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3068720/
◉https://integrativemedicine.arizona.edu/about/definition.html
50

51. Thanks!
ANY QUESTIONS?
51