Introduction to Composite Material.pptx.pptx

Curious about composites? It's too easy. This presentation can help you at this end. It provides a detailed information about composites and types of composites. So read this and enjoy

1. Introduction to Composite Material: Lect # 10 Applied Chemistry

2. Definition: Composite materials are engineered materials made from two or more constituent materials with significantly different physical or chemical properties, which when combined, produce a material with characteristics different from the individual components. These materials are designed to achieve specific performance requirements that cannot be met by conventional materials alone.

3. K ey components and characteristics of composite materials: Here's a breakdown of the key components and characteristics of composite materials: Matrix Material Reinforcement material

4. Matrix Material : Definition : The matrix material in a composite is the continuous phase that surrounds and binds the reinforcement materials together. Function : It holds the reinforcement materials in place, transfers loads between the reinforcements, and provides protection against environmental factors such as moisture, chemicals, and temperature. Characteristics : Matrix materials are typically chosen for their ability to flow, wet, and adhere to the reinforcement materials. They can be polymers (e.g., epoxy, polyester, vinyl ester), metals (e.g., aluminum, titanium), or ceramics (e.g., silicon carbide, aluminum oxide). Properties : Matrix materials contribute to the composite's final properties such as toughness, flexibility, chemical resistance, and thermal stability. Examples : Epoxy resins are commonly used as matrix materials in carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP), while aluminum alloys can serve as matrix materials in metal matrix composites (MMCs).

5. Reinforcement Material: Definition : The reinforcement material in a composite provides strength, stiffness, and other desired properties to the composite. It is dispersed within the matrix material. Function : Reinforcement materials carry the applied loads and provide structural integrity to the composite. They resist deformation and enhance mechanical properties such as tensile strength, compression strength, and impact resistance. Characteristics : Reinforcement materials are typically fibrous or particulate in nature and are chosen for their high strength-to-weight ratio and specific properties. Common reinforcement materials include carbon fibers, glass fibers, aramid fibers, ceramic fibers, and various types of particles (e.g., silicon carbide, aluminum oxide). Properties : Reinforcement materials contribute to the composite's final properties such as strength, stiffness, fatigue resistance, and dimensional stability. Examples : Carbon fibers are widely used as reinforcement materials in CFRP due to their high strength and low weight. Glass fibers are common in fiberglass composites, offering good strength and affordability.

6. Types of Composites : Polymer Matrix Composites (PMCs) : These are composites where the matrix material is a polymer. Examples include fiberglass and carbon fiber reinforced polymers. Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) : In these composites, the matrix material is a metal. They are known for their high strength, stiffness, and excellent thermal properties. Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) : Here, the matrix material is a ceramic. They offer exceptional high-temperature performance and are used in aerospace and automotive applications.

7. Manufacturing Processes : Composite materials can be fabricated using various techniques, including: Lay-up : Layering reinforcement materials and impregnating them with a matrix material. Filament Winding : Wrapping fibers around a rotating mandrel to create parts with high strength and stiffness. Injection Molding : Injecting a matrix material into a mold containing reinforcement materials. Pultrusion : Pulling fibers through a resin bath and then through a shaping die to create continuous lengths of composite profiles.

8. Classification on the basis of reinforcement material: The three primary categories are: Fiber-Reinforced Composites : Particulate-Reinforced Composites : Hybrid Composites:

9. Fiber-Reinforced Composites : Definition : These composites incorporate fibers as the reinforcement material, which are typically embedded within a matrix material. Types : Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites (CFRP) : Carbon fibers offer exceptional strength, stiffness, and low weight, making CFRP ideal for high-performance applications such as aerospace, automotive, and sports equipment. Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites (GFRP) : Glass fibers are affordable and offer good strength and stiffness. GFRP finds applications in construction, marine, automotive, and consumer goods. Aramid Fiber Reinforced Composites (AFRP) : Aramid fibers, such as Kevlar, provide high strength and impact resistance. AFRP is commonly used in ballistic armor, aerospace, and sporting goods. Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites : Fibers derived from plants (e.g., bamboo, hemp) or animals (e.g., wool, silk) can be used as reinforcement in composites, offering sustainability benefits and unique properties. They find applications in automotive interiors, construction, and packaging.

10. Carbon- fibre Glass Fibre Aramid-fibre

11. Particulate-Reinforced Composites: Definition : These composites incorporate particulate materials, such as powders or flakes, as the reinforcement phase dispersed within a matrix material. Types : Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) : Metal matrix composites contain metal matrices reinforced with ceramic or metallic particles or fibers. MMCs offer high strength, stiffness, and thermal properties, making them suitable for aerospace, automotive, and electronics applications. Ceramic Matrix Composites (CMCs) : CMCs consist of ceramic matrices reinforced with ceramic fibers or particles. They exhibit high-temperature resistance, wear resistance, and excellent thermal and chemical properties, making them suitable for aerospace, gas turbine engines, and automotive applications.

12. Metal-matrix Ceramic-matrix

13. Hybrid Composites: Definition : Hybrid composites incorporate multiple types of reinforcement materials within a single matrix material, combining the benefits of each material type. Types : Hybrid Fiber Composites : These composites combine different types of fibers (e.g., carbon, glass, aramid ) to achieve a balance of strength, stiffness, and cost-effectiveness. Hybrid Particulate Composites : These composites combine particulate reinforcements with fiber reinforcements to enhance specific properties such as wear resistance, thermal conductivity, or electrical conductivity. These classifications based on reinforcement materials provide a framework for understanding the diverse range of composite materials available and their applications across various industries.