Introduction to conventional energy sources

It informs about various Conventional (Non-renewable) Energy sources, there usage, current scenario.

1. Introduction to Conventional Energy Sources Prof. Swapnil Y. Gadgune , Department of Electrical Engineering, PVPIT, Budhgaon , Sangli Photo Credit: indianexpress.com

2. Energy Energy is the capacity of a physical system to perform work . Energy exists in several forms such as heat, kinetic or mechanical energy, light, potential energy, electrical, or other forms . Sources of Energy: Conventional Energy Sources Renewable/Non-Conventional Energy Sources

3. CLASSIFICATION OF POWER PLANTS Ref- A. K. Raja, Srivastava, Dwivedi , “Power Plant Engineering”, Book, New Age Int. Publishers

4. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_energy_consumption_by_fuel.svg Tonne of oil equivalent (toe) is a unit of energy, defined as the amount of energy released by burning one tonne (1000 Kilograms) of crude oil.

5. Global Electricity G eneration by various sources The global electricity generation mix in 2018 Compared to what it could be in 2040 under two possible scenarios are shown in these pie charts . The International Energy Agency’s (IEA’s ) “ Stated Policies” scenario factors in current and already announced policies, whereas the “Sustainable Development” scenario is fully aligned with the Paris Agreement, which has an objective of holding the increase in the global average temperature to well below 2C above pre-industrial levels and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5C. Source : IEA, World Energy Outlook, 2019 edition (WEO2019) CCUS- Carbon capture, utilisation and storage https://www.powermag.com/10-power-sector-insights-from-the-ieas-world-energy-outlook-2019/

6. World Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) https://www.e-education.psu.edu/eme444/node/403

7. Conventional Energy Sources Conventional energy sources are the traditional sources of energy like coal and petroleum. Conventional energy sources are finite. They will not last forever. Non-commercial energy sources Generally, the energy sources that are freely available are considered as the non-commercial energy sources. The examples of non-commercial energy sources are, Straw, dried dung, firewood . Commercial Energy Sources The coal, electricity and petroleum are known as commercial energy since the consumer needs to pay its price to buy them . https:// byjus.com/physics/conventional-and- nonconventional-sources-of-energy /

8. https://www.freeingenergy.com/five-trends-that-will-lead-to-the-end-of-fossil-fuels/

9. Natural Gas Natural gas in its purest form is pure methane but before it is refined, it also contains varying amount of ethane, propane , butane and carbon dioxide. When refined, it is colorless and odorless but can be burned to release large amounts of energy. https://geology.com/articles/natural-gas-uses/

10. Petroleum and Natural Gas formation https://www.pngkit.com/view/u2r5r5i1w7a9a9r5_natural-gas-formation-petroleum-and-natural-gas-formation/

11. Coal Coal releases large amounts of energy when it is burned because of the density of hydrocarbons in the material. Coal is formed by dead plants being put under significant pressure and temperature for millions of years. There are four grades of coal: lignite, sub-bituminous , bituminous coal and anthracite. Bituminous coal is the best for releasing energy and is the most commonly mined type of coal. https://www.bombaytesthouse.com / coal_coke_and_solid_fuels.html

12. Components of coal Lignite Sub-bituminous Bituminous Anthracite Water content of raw coal 25-50 % 14-25 % 5-10 % 1-6 % Calorific content (inferior value) of partially dried coal before boiler (air dry) in kcal/kg 3500 - 4500 4500 – 6500 6500 – 7800 7800 – 8600 same in MJ/kg 15 to 19 19 to 27 27 to 33 33 to 36 same in kWh/kg 4 to 5.2 5.2 to 7.5 7.5 to 9.1 9.1 to 10 Average composition Residual water 19% 10% 4% 2% Volatile components 40% 38% 25% 8% Percentage of ashes 30% 25% 15% 5% Carbon and carbon hydrates ( flamable ) 20% 30% 56% 86% https://jancovici.com/en/energy-transition/coal/using-coal-but-what-for/

13. Breakdown by usage of the world coal consumption in 2007 https://jancovici.com/en/energy-transition/coal/using-coal-but-what-for/

14. Petroleum Petroleum is formed from the compression of animal and plant remains over millions of years . Petroleum has to be drilled for because it is usually located deep below the earth's surface and is then refined to produce a number of different products including gasoline, heavy fuel oil and diesel fuel. https://www.shutterstock.com/search/oil+well+diagram

15. 1 barrel = 158.987 litre https://www.breakthroughfuel.com/blog /crude-oil-barrel/ Petrol  and  gasoline  are actually the  same   thing; just different words. These two words have the same meaning , with the only difference being in the places where the words are used. The term ' petrol ' is used in UK, India and a few other places, while ' gasoline ' or ' gas  for short' is used in the United States.

16. OPEC- Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries The current OPEC members are the following: Algeria, Angola, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. https://oilprice.com/Energy/Crude-Oil/How-Much-Crude-Oil-Has-The-World-Really-Consumed.html

17. The 10 largest oil consumers and share of total world oil consumption in 2017 Country Million barrels per day Share of world total United States 19.96 20% China 13.57 14% India 4.34 4 % Japan 3.92 4 % Russia 3.69 4 % Saudi Arabia 3.33 3 % Brazil 3.03 3 % South Korea 2.63 3 % Germany 2.45 2 % Canada 2.42 2 % Total top 10 59.33 60% World total 98.76 https:// www.eia.gov/tools/ faqs / faq.php?id =709&t=6

18. Petroleum Products Usage https://seekingalpha.com/article/684861-fundamentals-one-needs-to-know-to-trade-oil

19. Thank You