Introduction_to_Data_Structure_and _arrays.pptx

Data Structure Basics

1. Introduction to Data Structures Definition : A data structure is a specialized format for organizing, processing, retrieving, and storing data. Importance : Efficient data structures are key to designing efficient algorithms and managing large amounts of data. Types : Linear and Non-linear data structures.

2. Types of Data Structures Linear Data Structures : Array : A collection of elements identified by index or key. Linked List : Elements connected by pointers. Stack : Follows LIFO order; operations are performed at one end. Queue : Follows FIFO order; operations are performed at both ends. Non-linear Data Structures : Tree : Hierarchical structure with a root and child nodes. Graph : Consists of vertices and edges.

3. Arrays Definition : A collection of elements, each identified by an array index. Characteristics : Fixed size, same data type elements. Operations : Accessing (O(1)), Insertion (O(n)), Deletion (O(n)), Searching (O(n)).

4. Linked Lists Definition : A sequence of elements where each element points to the next one. Types : Singly Linked List : Each node points to the next node. Doubly Linked List : Each node points to both the next and previous nodes. Circular Linked List : The last node points back to the first node. Operations : Insertion, Deletion, Traversal.

5. Stacks and Queues Stack : Definition : A linear structure that follows LIFO order. Operations : Push (add), Pop (remove), Peek (view top). Applications : Function call management, Undo mechanism in editors.