introduction to dentitsy slidwhsow easy pptx

dental stuff

1. Introduction to DENTISTRY

2. Parts of the Teeth E namel - outer layer of tooth, hardest substance in body, harder than bone Dentin -next layer that is softer than enamel but harder than pul p Pulp - heart of the tooth, filled with nerves and blood vessels; toothache is from an inflamed pulp Root - sits in the tooth socket, provides support for tooth Cementum - hard substance that covers the root of tooth, gum covers it Apex - tip of the root; tiny hole at apex allows nerves and blood vessels to enter tooth Gums - (gingiva) tissue that surrounds the tooth; shouldn’t bleed when brush teeth; becomes inflamed= gingivitis Anterior teeth- 6 front teeth on top and bottom (4 incisors and 2 canines) Posterior teeth- back five teeth on top and bottom (2 premolars and 3 molars)

3. Parts of a Tooth

4. Number of Roots Incisors, Canines and premolars usually have one root. Molars have two or more roots .

5. Types of Teeth Incisors - are the 4 front anterior teeth on the top and 4 on the bottom; sharp and thin-edged that help with shearing food like scissors Canines - (cuspids)- 4 pointy sharp anterior teeth (2 on top and 2 on bottom) used for tearing/ grasping food; strongest teeth with long strong roots Premolars - (bicuspids) sharp but flat posterior teeth; (2 on top, 2 on bottom) in front of molars, in adults only; used for chewing Molars - square, flat posterior teeth in the back of the mouth; used for grinding food like steak; 3 on each side, top and bottom

6. Anterior Teeth

7. Posterior Teeth

8. TYPES OF DENTITION Dentition - the natural teeth in your mouth. 3 types: 1. primary dentition- (baby teeth) first set of teeth from birth until they start to fall out at age 6, until 12 2. mixed dentition- (both) mix of primary and permanent teeth; usually around age 6 when baby teeth are falling out and adult teeth are erupting 3. permanent dentition- (adult teeth) start to erupt at 6, except third molars and wisdom teeth erupt at 17-21

9. Primary Dentition (Baby Teeth)

10. Mixed Dentition (baby and adult teeth)

11. ADULT DENTITION (PERMANENT TEETH)

12. D entistry Terms Board Certified Dentist - when a dentist is approved by the Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario ( 4 Year Dentistry Degree, Pass Dental Exam & apply to be certified ) Royal College of Dental Surgeons of Ontario: https://www.rcdso.org/about-rcdso

13. Dentistry Specialization Dentists can specialize in specific areas. In order to do this and become more than a GENERAL DENTIST you must have more education: Dental Anesthesiology Endodontics Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Orthodontics Oral & Maxillofacial surgery Oral Radiology Pediatric Dentist Periodontist Public Health Dentistry Prosthodontics

14. DENTAL OCCUPATIONS Endodontist- specializes i n diseases of tooth pulp Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeon- specializes on surgery of the teeth and bones of jaw, jawbone or face Orthodontist- specializes on correcting abnormally aligned or positioned teeth Pediatric dentist- specializes on children’s teeth Periodontist- specializes on gums (reshaping - gingivoplasty or removal-gingivectomy). Surgi cal & non-surgical treatment Prosthodontist- specializes in replacement of missing teeth by bridges (implants) and dentures

15. THE DENTAL TEAM DENTAL HYGIENIST - performs routine cleanings . exams, x rays and sometimes non-surgical treatments, applies flo uride to teeth, etc. DENTAL ASSISTANT- patient care and administrative work; sterilizes instruments , less schooling and make less than hygienist GENERAL DENTIST - diagnosing and treating disease and other procedures ; refer to specialists

16. Fluoride- chemical substance known to strengthen tooth enamel to avoid decay (found in toothpaste) Edentulous- without teeth Autoclave- equipment used to sterilize dental instruments with super high pressure steam

17. Autoclave

18. Endentulous

19. Dental Conditions Halitosis - bad breath Gingivitis - inflammation of the gums Trench mouth - acute painful infection of gums with bad odor and bleeding; noncontagious TMD - temporal mandibular disorder; tender, swelling, clicking of jaw Impacted tooth- tooth blocked by adjacent tooth preventing it from erupting through gums Canker sore - ulcer in mouth/lips; viral infection Plaque - sticky,transparent film on teeth from food Calculus(tartar)- plaque left on teeth, untreated

20. TRENCH MOUTH (NUG) (NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS)

21. Impacted Tooth

22. Canker Sore

23. DENTAL PROCEDURES Gingivoplasty- reshaping the gums Gingivectomy- removal of the gums Dental expander- widens the palate to allow adult teeth more room to grow Onlay- large filling when part of tooth is decayed Braces- bands, wires, ceramic to align/correct teeth Dentals Prosthetics- false teeth

24. Palate Expander

25. 5 Types of Dental Prosthetics Dental Crown - artificial top cemented on damaged tooth (posterior teeth usually) Dental Bridge - prosthetic support teeth put in between two or more teeth Dentures- a set of artificial teeth 4. Dental Implant - metal post that replaces the root portion of one missing tooth with an artificial tooth (crown) attached 5. Dental Veneer - layer of material placed over front of anterior tooth (composite or porcelain)

26. Braces X-ray

27. Dental Crown

28. Bridge

29. Dentures (prosthetics or fake teeth)

30. Dental implants

31. Dental Veneer

32. Root canal - 4 step process when inner pulp is damaged sealants - substance added to biting tooth to prevent decay Perio charting- periodontal probe used to measure depth between teeth and adjacent gums (larger # = disease) curettage- periodontal procedure which involves scraping off plaque to bottom of damaged gum tissue (probe is a curette ) Root planning -(scaling) procedure of scraping off plaque below gum line or on root of tooth (probe used is a scaler) splint - loose tooth is wired to solid tooth

33. CURRETTE

34. CURRETAGE

35. SCALER

36. Dental Splint

37. DENTAL ANESTHETICS Anesthesia- substance used to remove sensation/pain 1. General anesthesia- substance is i nhaled as a gas; patient unconscious, long recovery time 2. Topical anesthesia- substance applied directly to gums or mouth for pain relief on immediate surface; mild infections 3. Local anesthesia- applied by injection to gums or mouth; patient alert 4. Ne u roleptic anesthesia- substance a pp lied intravenously , slight consciousness to unconscious; recovery time less

38. X-RAY - high frequency light or radiation which penetrates different substances at different rates and absorption to form a picture 1. Periapical X-ray- complete side views from root to crown of teeth;24 films 2. Bitewing X-ray- crowns and part of roots are seen for 2-3 adjacent teeth; patient bites down on surface 3. Panoramic X-ray- machine makes complete half circle from ear to ear; 2 dimensional pic of all teeth 4. Occlusal X-ray- large x-ray to show whole bite of upper and lower jaw

39. Periapical X-Ray

40. Bitewing X-Ray

41. Panoramic X-Ray

42. Occlusal X-Ray

43. DENTAL FILLINGS 1. Composite fillings- made from a resin and particles mixed; naturally white, very simple and common on front teeth usually; not as strong as metal ones 2. Porcelain fillings- same material as china; made by hardening mold and baking at high temp; easy match color of teeth but brittle and hard to administer 3. Gold fillings- long lasting but more complicated and expensive, many visits 4. Silver (amalgam)- mix of silver and mercury and is soft to fit tooth then hardens; cheaper and easier and lasts

44. Silver (amalgam) filling

45. Gold filling

46. PERIODONTAL DISEASE

47. What is Periodontal Disease? It is a disease that affects the structures in the mouth that support the teeth and are around the teeth like gums It’s sometimes called “gum disease”, but involves bone and other tissues too. -disease is chronic (persists over time) -treatment can limit damage - “Silent disease”

48. Treatment for Periodontal Disease Special dental cleanings, medications and surgery are some treatments The sooner you’re treated, the better; can reverse some or all of damage without surgery If more advanced, surgery is the answer Maintenance after is important- upkeep, dental care, check ups

49. How does Periodontal Disease develop? Disease starts when plaque turns into tartar and bacteria under the gumline, leading into infection As body fights the infection, gums become inflammed, pockets form between tooth and gum, making plaque harder to remove Bone damage occurs and can lead to tooth loss

50. PERIODONTAL DISEASE (leukoplakia from smoking or chewing tobacco)

51. 3 STAGES OF PERIODONTAL DISEASE 1. GINGIVITIS - mildest form, gums inflammed, red, and bleed when probed 2. PERIODONTITIS- infection spreads to bone, ligaments break down, gums recede -redness, swelling and bleeding worsen; pockets deepen, bone is destroyed and tooth loosens 3. ADVANCED PERIODONTITIS- pockets deepen even more and fill with pus; teeth are sensitive to hot and cold, hurt when brushed; teeth may have to be removed