INTRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

INTRODUCTION TO DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION

1. DPS 201: DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION Dr . ROBERT YAKUBU ADJUIK January 23, 2024 1

2. MEANING OF DEVELOPMENT Development implies increase in the living standard, improved health and well-being for all and achievement of whatever is regarded as general good for society at large. Development is used in three main senses : A vision or measure of desirable society A historical process of change Deliberate effort for improvement by development agencies In public administration development is primarily concerned with the structures of public organization, fundamental right of the citizens, human resource development, service delivery and the collective interest of the people. 2

3. Objectives of development Eradication of poverty Capacity building Equity Empowerment Sustainability 3

4. CAPITALISM AND DEVELOPMENT Capitalism can be characterized as a system of production of goods and services for market exchange in order to make profit. Development was viewed through industrialization which is the process by which production in the industrial sector becomes increasingly important compared with agricultural production Development in capitalism in immanent means it is intrinsically dynamic, tends to build it own momentum and develops from within. Socialism and development Socialism is a system in which production and distribution of goods are controlled by government rather than private enterprises It views development as increase in human potential and capabilities Focus is on human potential rather than upon the production of things .. 4

5. ROSTOW’S FIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT Traditional society Primitive, no technology or scientific knowledge Everything is agriculture bases Most people work in agric sector Little hope of moving up in society Pre-condition to take off Society begins to commit itself to secular education Allows a degree of capital mobilization Manufacturing develops Take off in 10 to 15 years 5

6. Rostow’s stages Continues Take off Sector led growth Society is driven by economic processes than traditional Transition From here it takes 50 to 100 years to reach maturity Conditions for take off A rise in the rate of productive investment from approximately 5% or less to over 10% of national income. Development of one or more substantial manufacturing sector with high rate of growth Primary sector……………………. Agric Secondary sector………………… manufacturing Tertiary sector …………………….. service 6

7. Stages Continues Drive to maturity Modern technology 10% to 20% GDP is steadily invested preventing output to out ship the increase in population Mass consumption Prevention of contemporary comfort Durable goods Money and prestige Military and security issues Equality and welfare issues Economic development Developing luxury 7

8. THE ROLE OF PEOPLE IN DEVELOPMENT People are target of development process, their well-being is the purpose Also instrument of development. Development must be attractive, powerfully attractive to participants and desire by them In almost all countries the target of development is people by assuring a level of sustenance acceptable to them and increase their choices they have their own lives up to their optimum expression. 8

9. ROLE OF INSTITUTIONS Institutions are the form in which people organize their affair in relationship with each other. An institution can be called as a system of actions that comprehend the structures and mechanisms which provide the capacity and support for action in the form of agencies or organization, for example bureaus, or departments, or institutions of this kind as schools, prisons, hospitals, banks etc. Accepted patterns of economic and social behavior are also embraced by the term institution. The availability and full utilization of highly trained and motivated staff is the crucial factor of success in a new institution. 9

10. Role of institutions continues Institutionalization is the process by which systems of action acquire capacity and competence, public acceptance, operating resources and the stability of standard way of doing things. Reforms movement are an important and continuing influence in institution building and institutionalization process 10

11. COMPONENTS OF AN INSTITUTION A clear definition of purpose, policy, program, activity and method. Financial resources for continuing operations. Agency administration in terms of division of labour , work structure, system of decision making etc. 11

12. Relationship of institutions Institutions, agencies and systems have an essential and a complementary relationship with other institutions in a larger system which embrace them all. An institution is invariably responsible for providing a product or service upon which other institutions are dependent. Complete institutional success depends upon an environment of well-coordinated and thus effective relationship among sister institutions, complementing each other to their mutual advantage as the progress towards a common program of purpose. 12

13. DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRSTION Development administration emerged in the beginning of the 1960s. The emerging problems is how to combine skills which exit in developing countries. The need for Development Administration has been well recognized as a means of implementing policies and plans directed towards nation building and socio economic progress. Gant in 1966 saw Development Administration as; that aspect of public administration in which the focus of attention is in organizing and administering public agencies in such a way as to stimulate and facilitate defined programs of social and economic progress. It has the purpose of making changes attractive and possible to the population generally. 13

14. Continues The primary objective of development administration is to strengthen the administrative machinery which would bring about socio – polico – economic development. Thus; Development administration is the process of carrying out development programs and projects in the direction of nation building and socio economic progress through a development administrative organization” In the literature the term Development Administration has been used in two interrelated senses: First, it refers to the administration of development programs to the methods used by large scale organizations, notably government to implement policies and plans designed to meet their developmental objectives (Riggs 1970). 14

15. Continues Second it is by implication rather than directly involves the strengthening of administrative capabilities. These two aspect of Development Administration that is the administration of development and development administration are intertwined in most definition of the term. Edward Weidner has viewed development administration in government as the process of guiding an organization towards the achievement of progressive political, economic and social objectives that are authoritatively determined in one manner or another. 15

16. ELEMENTS OF DEVELOPMENT ADMINISTRATION Planned and coordinated efforts . Development Administration refer to organized efforts to carry out activities. Goal oriented administration with emphasis on achieving social and economic goals. Management capacities . Creating and enhancing management capacities as a means for achieving development goals. Progressivism in political system . this means greater participation of the people in the development process. Participation : participation in the formulation, implementation, monitoring and evaluation of programs and projects. Creativity and innovativeness : development administration lay stress upon the adoption of new structures, procedures, policies, plans, and programs. 16