Introduction to disaster management

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT

1. Disaster management

2. Disaster A disaster is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses which is more than the ability of the community or society to use its resources.

3. Types of disasters Natural disasters Man made disasters

4. Cyclonic storms

5. Hailstorm

6. Droughts

7. Avalanches

8. Earthquakes Volcanic eruption

9. Floods Tsunami

10. Nuclear explosion

11. Chemical disaster Road accidents

12. Hazard A hazard is any object, situation, or behavior that has the potential to cause injury, ill health, or damage to property or the environment.

13. Emergency An  emergency  is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property, or environment. Most emergencies require urgent actions to prevent a worsening of the situation, although in some situations, mitigation may not be possible and agencies may only be able to offer palliative care for the aftermath.

14. Risk Risk  is the potential of gaining or losing something of value. Values (such as  physical health, social status, emotional well-being, or financial wealth) can be gained or lost when taking risk resulting from a given action or inaction, foreseen or unforeseen (planned or not planned ).

15. Vulnerability Vulnerability describes the characteristic and circumstances of a community, system or asset that makes it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. There are many aspects of Vulnerability , arising from various physical, social, economic, and environmental factors.

16. Disaster management Disaster management aims to reduce, or avoid, the potential losses from hazards and appropriate assistance to victims of disaster, and achieve rapid and effective recovery. 

17. Principles of disaster management Disaster management is the responsibility of all spheres of government. Disaster management should use resources that exist for a day-to-day purpose. Organizations should function as an extension of their core business.

18. Individuals are responsible for their own safety. Disaster management planning should focus on large-scale events.

19. Disaster management cycle The Disaster management cycle illustrates the ongoing process by which governments, businesses, and civil society plan for and reduce the impact of disasters, react during and immediately following a disaster, and take steps to recover after a disaster has occurred.

20. Phases of disaster management cycle Mitigation  - Minimizing the effects of disaster. Examples : building codes and zoning; vulnerability analyses; public education. Preparedness  - Planning how to respond. Examples : preparedness plans; emergency exercises/training; warning systems.

21. Response  - Efforts to minimize the hazards created by a disaster. Examples : search and rescue; emergency relief . Recovery  - Returning the community to normal. Examples : temporary housing; grants; medical care.

22. Major disasters in India S No. Event Year State & Area Effects 1. Earthquake 2001 Bhuj , Gujrat 13,805 deaths,6.3 millions affected 2. Tsunami 2004 Coastline TN, Kerala 10.749 deaths, 5,640 missing, 2079 M affected 3. Floods 2005 Maharashtra 1,094 deaths, 167 injured, 54 missing 4. Earthquake 2008 Kashmir 1,400 deaths 5. Cyclone 2008 Tamil nadu 204 deaths

23. S No. Event Year State & Area Effects 6. Kosi floods 2008 North bihar 527 deaths, 19,323 cattles died 7. Krishna floods 2009 Andhrapradesh & Karnataka 300 died 8. Flash floods 2013 Uttrakhand 5,700 deaths, 70,000 affected 9. Phailin Cyclone 2013 Orissa, Jharkhand 27 died, 10,00,000 evacuations 10. Floods 2014 Kashmir 280 deaths, 550,000 affected 11. Floods 2015 Tamil nadu 50 died, 1.8 M affected 12. Floods 2018 Kerala 373 deaths, 87 injured, 32 missing, 5.41 M affected

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