Introduction to environmental health.pptx

Introduction to environmental health is an introductory session about environment, environmental health and the main components of environmental health.

1. Mr. Abdiweli Mohamed Abdi Environmental Health

2. Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction to environmental Health Chapter 2; Water Chapter 3; Air Chapter 4; Sanitation Chapter 5; Housing Chapter 6; Current issues in environmental health Chapter 7; Environmental health ethics, law and governance

3. Chapter one: Introduction to Environmental Health Learning Objectives At the end of the session the students will be able to • Define Environment, Environmental Health, • Define Pollution and Pollutant • Classify Pollutant, • List common diseases due to pollution

4. Introduction and Basic Concepts on Environmental Health What is Environment? Everything surrounds us may collectively be termed as the environment • All elements of nature including those man made, make the environment.

5. The aggregate of all-external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism, human behavior or society is known as Environment.

6. It is a state where and with what an organism live in. The health of an individual, a community or a nation is determined by two factors: a) The internal environment of the human being - Organ, Organ system, tissue etc. of the body b) The external environment that surrounds him.

7. Classification of Environment: Environment has three components a . Physical- . water, air, soil, climate, heat, light etc. b. Biological - microorganisms, insects, rodents, animals including man, plant etc. c. Psycho-Social - education, religion, culture, believes etc.

8. Environmental Health: It was Hippocrates who first related health with environment i.e air, water and soil. Our living environment is composed of home, work and recreational centres etc. where people spend their time.

9. Water, air and food are our concern. The provision of environmental health extends to all these aspects of our lives. The interaction between these environments and human activities results in various types of hazards that may adversely affect human health.

10. Environmental Health involves studying the environmental factors that affect health. It encompasses hygiene, sanitation, and many other aspects of environment like global warming, climate change, gene technology, flooding and natural disaster, green house gases effects, etc.

11. Factors included in the definition of Environment The definition of ‘environment’ includes only part of natural environment that are modifiable. Following factors are included in our definition of environment: - UV and ionizing radiation - Noise, electromagnetic fields

12. - Occupational links - Built environments including housing, land use pattern, roads - Agricultural methods, irrigation scheme - Man-made climate change, ecosystem change - Behavior related to availability to safe water and sanitation facilities such as washing hands and contaminating food with unsafe water or unclear hands.

13. Simplified definition of environmental health: Environmental health addresses all the physical, chemical and biological factors external to a person and all the related factors impacting behaviours .

14. It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health.

15. Contents of Environmental Health : Environmental health addresses all the physical chemical, and biological factors external to a person, It encompasses the assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is targeted towards preventing disease and creating health supportive environments .

16. Health and Disease A disease is contributed by three ecological factors where environment plays pivotal role a) Agent b) Host c) Environment

17. Health is a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment. Disease develops when the balance between man and his environment is disrupted

18. Definition of Pollution: Presence of harmful substances in the environment. Air is the immediate environment of mankind and other creation on earth.

19. Air pollution means presence of chemical elements or compounds in sufficient quantity in air to cause injury to health or life over short or long term.

20. Pollutant: Chemical , physical, biological and other factors or substances those are responsible for pollution of environment. The major identified sources of pollution are :

21. a) Air pollution b) Industrial effluents and emissions c) Global warming d) Solid/Human waste e) Hospital Waste

22. f) Noise pollution g) Radiation h) Arsenic i) Water and sanitation j) Deforestation k) Biodiversity l) Pesticide and fertilizer

23. Classification of pollutants a ) Solid pollutants e.g. different types of solid wastes b) Liquid pollutants e.g. contaminated water c) Gaseous pollutants e.g. air pollution, industrious effluents.

24. d) Chemical pollution e.g. pesticide, arsenic e) Biodiversity and deforestation f) Radiation g) Noise pollution

25. Chapter 2; Water

26. Introduction The water on earth now is about the same amount as it was during Jurassic period (about 100 million years ago)  Water covers 70% of the Earth's surface. Over 97% water is saline water and 2.5% is fresh water

27. Less than 1% of the world's fresh water (or about 0.007% of all water on earth) is readily accessible for direct human uses.

28. Fresh water is defined as water with a salinity of less than 0.35 % of the oceans Only 37,000 cubic kilometers of water for distribution to the Earth's population, but not evenly distributed around the Earth' surface

29. If all the earth's water fit in a gallon jug, available fresh water would equal just over a tablespoon.

30. Presently, 1.1 billion people lack access to improved water supply and 2.4 billion to improved sanitation Unless action is stepped up, the number of people who lack access to improved water supply could increase to 2.3 billion by 2025

31. Every year the use of water increases 6%  More than 2.2 million people died in 2000 from diseases related to the consumption of contaminated water.

32. A child dies every 15 seconds from easily preventable waterrelated diseases.

33. Uses of Water Drinking Agriculture Industrial applications As a solvent

34. As a thermal transfer agent Recreation Food processing. Power generation

35. Questions ?