Introduction To General Anatomy (muscle and body systems) Parrt 2.pptx

General Anatomy

1. Introduction To General Anatomy (Part-2) Systems of the Body Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore Assistant Professor And Head of Department (Dentistry-BKCD) B.D.S, M.Phil Anatomy, Dip.Implant , CHPE, CHR

2. Terms for Describing Muscles, Vessels and Bone

3. Muscles Terms Origin Fixed during contraction Insertion Moves during contraction Belly Fleshy and non-contractile part Tendon Fibrous noncontractile and cord like part Aponeurosis Flattened tendon Raphe Fibrous band made up of interdigitating fibres of the tendons or aponeuroses . Stretchable (unlike ligament) Ligaments Fibrous, inelastic bands, connects two segments of a joint

4. Vessels Terms Arteries O 2 Away from heart except pulmonary and umbilical artery (De O 2 ). Branches arterioles. Veins DeO 2 towards heart except pulmonary and umbilical vein ( O 2 ). Branches Venules with valves for unidirectional flow of blood. Venae comitantes 2 veins on sides of medium sized artery of a limb Capillaries Microscopic networks vessels connecting arterioles to venules Sinusoids Large, irregular, vascular spaces surrounded by parenchyma of the organ. e.g. spleen, bone marrow, suprarenal and parathyroid glands Anatomoses Pre and Post-capillary communication between vessels

5. Bone Terms Linear elevation Line Crest Ridge

6. Rounded elevation Tubercle Protuberance Tuberosity Malleolus Trochanter

7. Sharp elevation Spine or Spinous Process Styloid Process

8. Expanded ends for articulation Head Condyle Epicondyle

9. Small flat area for articulation Facet

10. Depressions Notch Groove or Sulcus Fossa

11. Openings Fissure Foramen Canal Meatus

12. BODY CAVITIES & MEMBRANES

13. Body Cavities & Membranes Posterior Aspect: Two Cavities: Cranial Vertebral Anterior Aspect: Thoracic Abdominopelvic Cavity

14. BODY CAVITIES: MEDIASTINUM: LOCATION CONTENTS

15. Thoracic Cavity: Right / Left Sides Contains Lungs Parietal / Visceral Pleura Pleural Cavity Mediastinum: Contents:---

16. Abdominopelvic Cavity

17. Quadrants

18. Abdominopelvic Regions 9 Smaller Imaginary Compartments

19. Membranes Serous Membranes: Lines Thoracic & Abdominopelvic Cavities PARIETAL LAYER: Visceral Layer: Serous Cavity

20. Levels Of Organization SIMPLEST: ATOMS & MOLECULES CELLS & TISSUES

21. Levels Of Organization Cell: Basic Structural & Functional Units Combination Of Large Molecules

22. Levels Of Organization Tissue: Groups Of Similar Cells With A Common Function

23. Levels Of Organization Organs: Different Tissue Type Work Together To Perform Specific, Complex Functions

24. Levels Of Organization Organ Systems: Related Organs Work Together Coordinate Activities Achieve A Common Function

25. LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION Organism: All Body Systems Function Interdependently In A Single Living Thing “Organism”

26. Types Of Tissue In Human Body (4 Types) EPITHELIAL CELLS CONNECTIVE TISSUE MUSCLE TISSUE NERVOUS TISSUE

27. 1. Epithelial Tissue “ Covres Exposed Surfaces & Lines Body Cavities” Skin / Linning of GIT, Gut e tc

28. Connective Tissue Protects, Supports & Interconnects Body Parts & Organs Solid:- Bone Liquid: - Blood Intermediate: - Cartilage

29. Nervous Tissue Conducts Impulses For Internal Communication - Brain – Spinal Cord & Nerves

30. Muscle Tissue Produces Movements: - Skeletal, - Smooth, - Cardiac

31. BODY SYSTEMS

32. Body Systems 1. Respiratory System (pulmonology) 2. Articular system ( arthrology ) 3. Muscular System 4. Circulatory System (angiology) 5. Lymphatic System 6. Skeletal System (Osteology) 7. Integumentary System (Dermatology ) 8. Digestive System (Gastroenterology ) 9. Urinary System (Urology) 10. Reproductive System ( Andrology “males”, Gynaecology “Females” 11. Endocrine system (Endocrinology) 12. Special Senses 13. Nervous System (Neurology )

33. Respiratory System (Pulmonary) Recieves O 2 and eliminates Co 2

34. Articular system ( arthrology ) Joints and ligaments Movements (Synovial Joints) Cartilaginous and Fibrous joints for growth Provides integrity, stability and cavities to protect organs

35. Muscular System Movement of joints activated Locomotion Facial expressions

36. Circulatory System (angiology) Cardiovascular system to defend against diseases via blood component Heart Blood vessels (arteries, veins, capillaries) Supplies O 2 and nutrients and removes CO 2 Regulates acid-base balance Temperature Water content

37. Lymphatic System Lymph Vessels Removes Excess Tissue Fluids With Macromolecules Filtering Through Lymph Nodes Return To Venous System

38. Skeletal System (Osteology) Cartilages: K eeps respiratory pathway patent Bones: Largest calcium house, allows locomotion Provides support, symmetry Makes cavities to protect organs e.g. brain, heart, lungs, reproductive organs

39. Integumentary System (Dermatology) Skin and appendages : outermost protective, sensitive organ e.g. hair, sweat glands, sebaceous gland, nail

40. Digestive System (Gastroenterology) Organs associated with: Ingestion Mastication Deglutition Digestion Absorption Excretion

41. Urinary System (Urology) Excretion of liquid wastes via Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra

42. Reproductive System ( Andrology “males”, Gynaecology “Females” Fertilization, implantation of foetus

43. Endocrine system (Endocrinology) Ductless glands e.g. Hypothalamus, hypophysis cerebri , thyroid, parathyroid, suprarenal glands, islets of langerhands in pancreas produce hormones taken to organs via blood In male: endocrine gland ;testis: spermatozoa Female : ovary: menstrual cycle

44. Special Senses Sense of taste: papillae in tongue, epiglottis, soft palate Sight: ratina Smell: mucous membrane upper part nasal cavity Hearing & Balance: internal ear Touch: Skin

45. Nervous System (Neurology) Controls muscles, glands, organs via voluntary and involuntary activities Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

46. Any Questions? THANK YOU