INTRODUCTION TO GENERATIONAL MEDICINE New-1-1.pptx

Medicine across generations

1. INTRODUCTION TO GENERATIONAL MEDICINE DR. ADEBANJO ESTHER DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF ABUJA TEACHING HOSPITAL

2. PRETEST 1 . In what year was the concept of generational medicine first developed ? 2013 2012 2011 2010 About Baby boomers 1946-1964 1970 – 1978 1996 to current 1960 - 1978

3. PRETEST The following are the basic needs of the newborn Need to be warm Need to be protected Need to be born Need to be fed The following are basic activities of daily living Feeding Using the telephone Toileting Food preparation Dressing

4. PRETEST Health concerns in pregnancy include the following: Diabetes Hypertension Sickle cell disease Epilepsy Normal PCV

5. OUTLINE INTRODUCTION/CONCEPT OF GENERATIONAL MEDICINE ROLE OF FAMILY PHYSICIAN OVERVIEW OF GENERATIONS AND KEY HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS CONCLUSION

6. CONCEPT OF GENERATIONAL MEDICINE

7. CONCEPT OF GENERATIONAL MEDICINE

8. ROLE OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS They identify and address generational health problems. They can recognize common health issues and risk factors that may be prevalent within specific generations. They develop preventive strategies and interventions accordingly. Provide personalized care by understanding the values, beliefs, and priorities of different generations.

9. ROLE OF FAMILY PHYSICIANS They take into account generational factors that may influence health behaviours, cultures, and alternative therapies Play a vital role in facilitating communication and coordination of care. Well positioned to support individuals and families through various life transitions such as pregnancy, child-rearing, menopause and ageing Provide guidance and health services that address the unique needs and challenges associated with life stages

10. OVERVIEW OF GENERATIONS

11. BABY BOOMERS (1946 – 1964) In 1959, the WHO stated: “Health in the Elderly is best measured in terms of function”. Function includes: Basic Activities of Daily Living Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Advanced Activities of Daily Living

12. BABY BOOMERS (1946 – 1964) Social assessment examines their caregiver support, participation in social activities, and access to community resources Psychological assessment assess mental health, emotional well-being, and social support Environmental assessment evaluates the physical home for safety, accessibility Cognitive assessment evaluates memory, attention, language, and screening for cognitive impairment

13. BABY BOOMERS (1946 – 1964) Chronic diseases; Diabetes, Arthritis, hypertension. Managing these diseases becomes a primary health concern Aging-related issues; health issues related to mobility, cognitive decline, vision, hearing impairments, and increased risk of falls. (Geriatric Giants) Mental Health becomes a significant concern as they face transitions such as retirement, loss of a loved one, and changes in social roles. Depression, anxiety, and substance abuse can impact their well-being.

14. BABY BOOMERS (1946 – 1964) Caregiving responsibilities for family members. Balancing this role and their own health needs becomes challenging. Preventive care and strategies for healthy Aging are prioritized. They adopt lifestyle choices that promote longevity. Improving health literacy is essential to empower them to make informed decisions about their health, navigate healthcare systems and engage in self-care practices.

15. Generation X ( 1965-1979) Exploring health challenges faced such as work-life balance, stress-related conditions, mental health support, and rising rates of chronic diseases. Work-related stress and balancing career demands with family responsibilities are the main health needs of Generation X. This contributes to mental health issues, such as anxiety, burnout, and some physical health concerns .

16. MILLENIALS (1980-1996) Examining the unique health needs and behaviors of millennials, including mental health concerns, lifestyle choices, and the impact of technology on health Approaches tailored to their preferences and lifestyle Leveraging technology for healthcare delivery Offering comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services Emphasizing preventive care and health education

17. KEY HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS IN MILLENIALS High rates of substance abuse Sexual and reproductive health needs including education on sexually transmitted infections and contraceptives Tech–savvy and rely on digital tools and resources and online health information Mental health conditions such as anxiety, depression, academic pressures, career uncertainty, financial stress, and social media influence contribute to these challenges. Sedentary behaviors and a lack of physical activity often due to long hours spent on screens which leads to obesity, diabetes, and CVD

18. GENERATION Z (1997- CURRENT) Understanding the impact of social media, digital connectivity, and environmental concerns on their health and wellbeing Addressing their health needs requires accessible and youth-friendly healthcare services that cater to the specific needs and concerns This includes promoting mental health support, digital health literacy, and comprehensive health education addressing substance abuse and sexual and reproductive health.

19. KEY HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS IN GENERATION Z Experimentation and self-discovery overwhelm them, hence peculiar challenges like: Substance use disorder, abuse, peer pressure. Sexual and reproductive health. Comprehensive sex education, contraceptives, unwanted pregnancies, and STI prevention.

20. KEY HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS IN GENERATION Z There are FOUR basic needs of the newborn : The need to be protected- aseptic The need to breathe normally – pink The need to be warm – warm The need to be fed – sweet Immunization for the child at birth Problems to watch out for include: ABO incompatibility, neonatal jaundice, anaemia , hypoxia or anoxia, asphyxia, aspiration and breathing problems

21. KEY HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS IN GENERATION Z Toddler/Pre-school child care In this age bracket, gastro-intestinal challenges are common, common colds with bronchopneumonia. Pharyngitis, Otitis, Urinary tract infection (UTI), skin infection, bronchiolitis and bacterial sinusitis are seen. Measles also begin to present. Malaria which is endemic in our society.

22. KEY HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS IN GENERATION Z School-aged child Behavioral problems begin to feature in some of them. Where proper immunization had not been offered, measles cases are seen. Skin infections Diarrhea Traumatic injuries are present particularly in the males.

23. ADOLESCENT CARE Despite being thought of as a healthy stage of life, there is significant death, illness and injury in the adolescent years. During this phase adolescent establish patterns of behaviour – for instance, related to diet, physical activity, substance use, and sexual activity.

24. ADOLESCENT CARE Owing to the fact that they are always bubbling with energy, adolescents represent a positive force in the society. They face dangers more complex than other generations because they are highly adventurous. Most adolescents are full of optimism. If encouraged, they become very resilient in absorbing setbacks and scaling over diverse problems.

25. ADOLESCENT CARE Arising from their highly exploratory tendencies, they are prone to the risk of: - early and unwanted pregnancy, - STI including: HIV-infection or AIDS, - susceptible to the dangers of tobacco use, alcohol and other hard drugs.

26. MEN’S HEALTH CARE According to the men’s health forum (2004), is defined as the holistic management of health conditions and risks that are most common or specific to men in order to promote optimal physical, emotional and social health in the general practice setting.

27. MEN’S HEALTH CARE

28. MEN’S HEALTH CARE Digital Rectal Examination for prostate cancer: 50 years of age for regular check-up for Caucasians, 45 years of age for regular check-up among Africans, and, 40 years of age for men with strong family history. Prostatic Specific Antigen (PSA) test to be taken with care.

29. MEN’S HEALTH CARE Lung cancer Low-dose CT is recommended if you’re between 55-80 years old and have a history of heavy smoking. That’s 1 pack a day for 30 years or 2 packs a day for 15 years. Colon cancer S creening begins at age 50 (earlier if you're at high risk) FOB, Colonoscopy or Sigmoidoscopy

30. MEN’S HEALTH CARE Glaucoma test younger than 40: Every 2-4 years 40-54: Every 1-3 years 55-64: Every 1-2 years 65 up: Every 6-12 months

31. WOMEN’S HEALTH CARE Some health concerns include: Heart Disease Breast Cancer Ovarian and Cervical Cancer Gynaecological Health Pregnancy Issues Autoimmune Diseases Depression and Anxiety.

32. WOMEN’S HEALTH CARE Some health concerns include: Pap smears starting from coitarche every 3- 5 years depending on risks Mammograms may be done every 2 years from age 40 – 74years

33. MATERNAL CARE The health of a nation is often seen in the health of its mothers and newborns. The word health organization(WHO) often uses a nation’s maternity and neonatal morbidity and mortality statistics as a proxy for the health status of its population. Maternal care refers to the health of a woman during pregnancy, childbirth and postnatal period.

34. MATERNAL CARE Preconception care/counselling is an important part of prenatal care and permits health promotion and early detection of risk factors that can then be treated before pregnancy. Folic acid supplementation should be started before conception or in some cases, immediately pregnancy is diagnosed. Ideally every woman should plan their pregnancy and discuss the plan with their family physician.

35. MATERNAL CARE Antenatal/prenatal care is a planned program of observation, information, education and medical management of the pregnant woman aimed at making pregnancy and childbirth a safe and satisfying experience. High risk pregnancy is one where there is an increased chance of having adverse outcome in the mother and the baby when compared to the general population.

36. MATERNAL CARE Antenatal care involves: History Physical examination which includes vital signs Routine investigations Routine medications, IPT, TT

37. MATERNAL CARE Postnatal care involves: G – Growth monitoring/Promotion O – Oral rehydration therapy B – Breast feeding I - Immunization F – Family planning F – Female education F – Food supplementation/Fortification E – Environmental sanitation E – Essential medicines T – Treatment of common childhood diseases H – Health education

38. WAY FORWARD

39. WAY FORWARD

40. WAY FORWARD General Approaches that apply across the Board :- Management of post-traumatic conditions. Sex education. Counselling against Sexually Transmitted Infections

41. GENERATIONAL MEDICINE AT UATH DAYS CLINICS MONDAY CARE OF THE ELDERLY, WELLNESS & LIFESTYLE TUESDAY ADOLESCENT & FAMILY THERAPY WEDNESDAY CARE OF THE ELDERLY, WELLNESS & LIFESTYLE THURSDAY ADOLESCENT & FAMILY THERAPY FRIDAY GENERAL OUTPATIENTS

42. CONCLUSION

43. REFERENCES Ajayi, IO. Adolescents. A Lecture presentation for Diploma in Family Medicine Trainees. 2013. Idung A and Okokon IB. Beliefs and Prevalence of Female Genital Circumcision among Pregnant Women Attending Ante-natal Clinic in a Mission Hospital in Uyo , Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. BJMMR. 2017; 19 (7): 1-8. Akanji BO, Ogunniyi A, Baiyewu O. Healthcare for older persons: A country Profile: Nigeria. J American Geriatrics Soc.2002; 50: 1289 – 1292. Rakel RE. Care of the Elderly, In: Textbook of Family Medicine 9 th ed. Saunders (Elsevier) Publishers. Philadelphia. 2007: p67 – 105. Brahler M, Maier H. Men’s health (online) Accessed on www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/mens-health on 07/02/2024

44. REFERENCES Prof. Ita B Okokon . Introduction to generational medicine - a virtual lecture to Part I Resident Doctors in Family Medicine, NPMCN. 22/01/2021 Dr. Adebara. Care of the newborn – lecture given to medical students, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti state. Kennedy A. Ethics, a part of everyday practice in Child care. Accessed: www.earlychildhoodaustralia on 07/02/2024. Mohd AMS, Abdah HI, Halizia G. A review of teenage pregnancy research in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia. 2015; 70(4): 214 – 218 Rakel RE, Rakel DP. Care of the new born, In: Textbook of family medicine. 9 th edition. 2015. p411-413

45. THANK YOU