Introduction to Globalization Powerpoint

Contemporary World Intro

1. Introduction to Globalization

2. Globalization Concepts, Meaning, Features and Dimensions

3. Globalization is the process in which people, ideas and goods spread throughout the world, spurring more interaction and integration between the world's cultures, governments and economies.

4. Globalization is a process of interaction and integration among the people, companies, and governments of different nations, a process driven by international trade and investment and aided by information technology. This process has effects on the environment, on culture, on political systems, on economic development and prosperity, and on human physical well-being in societies around the world.

5. Globalization is about growing worldwide connectivity.

6. Attributes, Qualities or Characteristics of Globalization

7. Globalization has four characteristics or qualities. These are: 1. It involves both the creation of new social networks and the multiplication of existing connections that cut across traditional, political, economic, cultural, and geographical boundaries.

8. 2. Globalization is reflected in the expansion and the stretching of social relations, activities, and connections. 3. Globalization involves the intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities.

9. 4. Globalization processes do not occur merely or an objective, material level but they also involve the subjective plane of human consciousness. Without erasing local and national attachments, the compression of the world into a single place has increasingly made global the frame of reference for human thought and action.

10. Historical Periods of Globalization

11. 1. The Prehistoric Period (10000 BCE-3500 BCE) In this earliest phase of globalization, contacts among hunters and gatherers–who were spread around the world – were geographically limited. In this period due to absence of advanced forms of technology, globalization was severely limited.

12. 2. The Pre-modern Period (3500 BCE- 1500 CE) In this period the invention of writing and the wheel were great social and technological boosts that moved globalization to a new level. The invention of wheel in addition to roads made the transportation of people and goods more efficient. On the other hand writing facilitated the spread of ideas and inventions.

13. 3. The Early Modern Period (1500-1750) It is the period between the Enlightenment and the Renaissance. In this period, European Enlightenment project tried to achieve a universal form of morality and law. This with the emergence of European metropolitan centers and unlimited material accumulation which led to the capitalist world system helped to strengthen globalization.

14. 4. The Modern Period (1750-1970) Innovations in transportation and communication technology, population explosion, and increase in migration led to more cultural exchanges and transformation in traditional social patterns. Process of industrialization also accelerated.

15. 5. The Contemporary Period (from 1970 to present) The creation, expansion, and acceleration of worldwide interdependencies occurred in a dramatic way and it was a kind of leap in the history of globalization.

16. Dimensions of Globalization There are six dimensions in globalization. These include: economic, political, technological, cultural, religious and ecological dimensions.

17. 1. Economic Dimension This refers to the extensive development of economic relations across the globe as a result of technology and the enormous flow of capital that has stimulated trade in both sources and goods.

18. Major players in the current century’s global economic order 1. Huge international corporations (General Motors, Walmart, Mitsubishi) International Economic Institutions (IMF, World Bank, The World Trade Organization) Trading Systems

19. The result of these powerful forces resulted in the wide gap between the rich and the poor countries. Major Sources of Economic Growth across Countries 1 Property rights 2 Regulatory institutions 3.Institutions for macro-economics 4. Stabilization 5. Institutions for social influence 6. Institutions for conflict management

20. Economic institutions have decisive influence on investment in physical and human capital, technology, and industrial productions. It is also important for resource distribution.

21. 2. Political Dimension This refers to an enlargement and strengthening of political interrelations across the globe Political Issues that Surface in this Dimension 1.The principle of state sovereignty 2. Increasing impact of various intergovernmental organization 3. Future shapes of regional and global governance

22. 3. Cultural Dimension This refers to the increase in the amount of cultural flows across theglobe. Cultural interconnections are at the foundations of contemporary globalization

23. 4. Religious Dimension Religion is a personal or institutionalized set of attitudes, beliefs, andpracticesrelating to or manifesting faithful devotion to an acknowledged ultimate reality or deity. It is the most important defining element of any civilization as contrastedwithrace, language, or way of life. As such, it is also portrayed as a defining element infutureconflicts. Whether the root cause of a particular conflict or merely a vehiclefor themobilization of nationalist or ethnic passions, religion is certainly central to muchof thestrife currently taking place around the globe

24. Roman Catholic Teaching of Globalization There are eight (8) principles that summarize the Roman Catholic Teachings. 1.Commitment to universal human rights 2.Commitment to the social nature of the human person 3.Commitment to the common good 4.Solidarity (The principle of Solidarity affirms that membership in the human family means that all bear responsibility for one another.) 5.Preferential option of the poor (In the Theology of the Incarnation- Christ God became poor for us so as to enrich us by his poverty. The poor are susceptible to the effects of environmental irresponsibility because they live in countries where cheap building materials and cheap labor are readily available. They regularly work in farming, fishing, and forestry, areas which suffer environmental damage). 6.Subsidiary (The Catholic Church teaches that decisions should be made at the lowest level in order to achieve the common good.

25. 7. Justice 8. Integral Humanism- is concerned with whole person Justice is divided in three (3) categories: Commutative justice This aims at fulfilling the terms of contracts andotherpromises on both personal and social level. Distributive justice This ensures a basic equity in how both the burdenandthegoods of society are distributed and that ensures that everypersonenjoys a basically equal moral and legal standing apart fromdifferences in wealth, privilege, talent and achievements Social justice This refers to the creation of the conditions in whichthefirst two categories of justice can be realized and the commongoodidentified and defended.

26. 5. Ideological Dimensions Ideology is a system of widely shared ideas, beliefs, norms and values among a group of people. It is often used to legitimize certain political interests or to defend dominant power structures. Ideology connects human actions with some generalized claims .Globalization is a social process of intensifying global interdependence while globalism is an ideology that gives the concept of neo-liberal values and meanings to globalization.

27. Major Ideological Claims of Advocates of Globalism

28. 1. Globalization is about the liberalization and global integration of markets. The problem with this claim is that liberalization and integration of markets happen through political project of engineering free markets by interference of centralized state power, and it is in contrast to the neoliberal ideal of limited role of governments.

29. 2. Globalization is inevitable and irreversible. Globalists believe that spread of market forces driven by technological innovations is inevitable in globalization. Neoliberals use this claim to convince people to adopt the natural discipline of the market if they want to prosper, which implies the elimination of government controls over the market.

30. 3. Nobody is in charge of globalization. This claim seeks to depoliticize the public debate on globalization and neutralizing anti -globalist movements.

31. 4. Globalization benefits everyone. Globalists talk about the benefits of market liberalization such as rising global living standards, economic efficiency, individual freedom, and technological progress. But the reality is that the opportunities of globalization are spread unequally and power and wealth are concentrated among a specific group of people, regions and corporations.

32. 5. Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world. For the globalists democracy and free markets are synonymous. The neoliberal explanation of globalization is ideological because it is politically motivated and contributes to the construction of particular meanings of globalization which stabilize existing power relations. Globalism tries to create collective meaning and shape people’s identities

33. Thank you! To God be the glory