Introduction to Gunnery per USA Army MMG

Introduction

1. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 1
UNCLASSIFIED
Introduction to Gunnery

2. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 2
UNCLASSIFIED
What is Gunnery?
•Convoy Protection Live Fire Exercise
•Mounted Machine Gunnery
•Mounted Gunnery
•Gunnery

3. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 3
UNCLASSIFIED
Purpose of Mounted Gunnery
•In order for crews to take advantage of the various weapon system
capabilities at their disposal to quickly lay, engage, and destroy threat
targets, they must be proficient in the methods and techniques of
engagement execution. Mounted gunnery and its principles reinforce
training and grade the level of proficiency regarding said crew and their
engagement execution
•Qualify the crew and their platform
•Identify the level of proficiency and lethality of a crew
•Ensure every platform is a lethal and effective platform
•Establish battle and crew drills for a said platform

4. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 4
UNCLASSIFIED
Qualification Standard
•Distinguished Qualification
•70 points per target on 9 of 10 engagements with 900 points out of a 1000 points
and one qualifying night engagement
•Superior Qualification
•
70 points per target on 8 of 10 engagements with 800 points out of a 1000 points
and one qualifying night engagement
•Qualified Qualification
•
70 points per target on 7 of 10 engagements with 700 points out of a 1000 points
and one qualifying night engagement
•Unqualified
•
Less than 70 points per target on 4 or greater engagements or less than 700 points
out of a 1000 points
•Any subsequent re-fire (failure to be first time go) can only be a
Qualified crew (not Distinguished or Superior and will be identified as
Qualification 2)

5. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 5
UNCLASSIFIED
Crew Tables

6. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 6
UNCLASSIFIED
•Driving Licensure
•
Driver & VC
•Night Vision Driving
•
Driver and VC Familiarization and Licensure
•CBRN
•Donning
•Maintenance
•Inserts
•
Vehicle Crew Evaluator Exportable Package
•Must train VCE’s T-9 or less
•Combat Lifesaver (CLS) Training
•Must train the appropriate amount of CLS prior to gunnery density and/or request medical
support
•
Weapons Maintenance
•Documented
•AN-PAS/13 (Thermal)
•Employment
•
Zeroing
•Ground Qualification
•Must be complete before Crew Qualification
Implied Gunnery Training Tasks

7. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 7
UNCLASSIFIED
Prerequisite Tables/Gates to Live Fire
•Can be completed in any order (this is the recommended order)
•All must be complete prior to going to Live Tables
•Must be complete within T-6 of live tables (T = months for the RC)
•Table I (Gunnery Skills Test)
•
Gunnery Skills Test (GST) - TC 3-20.31-1
•Consists of critical tasks concerning the safety of the crew and essential to
the operation of the combat platform
•
Ammo Identification
•Vehicle Identification
•
Clear, disassemble, assemble, and perform a function check
•Load, attempt to fire, apply immediate action, and unload a pintle-mounted
weapon
•Direct Fire Engagement Process

8. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 8
UNCLASSIFIED
Prerequisite Tables/Gates to Live Fire
•Table II (Simulations)
•Designed to evaluate the crew’s ability to engage stationary and moving
threat targets from a stationary and moving vehicle during day and limited
visibility in a simulated environment
•
Live-fire prerequisite that must be completed prior any event using live
ammunition
•
Allows crews to practice identifying threat targets and utilize the appropriate
Fire Commands; e.g. Elements of the Fire Command, Types of Fire
Commands, and Terms within the Fire Commands

9. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 9
UNCLASSIFIED
Prerequisite Tables/Gates to Live Fire
•Table III (Proficiency)
•A single vehicle course that is designed to evaluate the crew’s ability to
engage stationary and moving threat targets from a stationary and moving
vehicle during day and limited visibility in a simulated environment
•
Platforms that do not have any laser-based TADSS for direct-fire training,
unit may conduct this course with blank ammunition or dry
•
Failure to contact TADSS does not constitute a justification for executing
with blank fire or dry
•Will be built to the same task standards and range performance measures of
Live Tables

10. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 10
UNCLASSIFIED
Live Tables
•All prerequisite tables must be complete prior to any live fire
event
•Are executed on standard Army ranges
•Are executed in sequence
•All platforms execute the tables
•Ammo resourcing varies from platform to platform and weapon
system to weapon system. Utilize the current STRAC for
authorized ammunition resources and allocation

11. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 11
UNCLASSIFIED
Live Tables
•Table IV (Basic)
•
A single vehicle table used to prepare crews for the practice and
qualification tables
•The same tasks and range performance measures are utilized on successive
tables
•
Designed to challenge by using demanding tasks, using full or scaled (3/4)
targets
•First table to utilize live ammunition
•
Crews are evaluated to the same standard as subsequent Live Tables
•Not required for MMG Platforms (STRAC does not provide ammunition for
this Table for MMG Platforms)

12. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 12
UNCLASSIFIED
Live Tables
•Table V (Practice)
•A single vehicle table used to prepare crews for the qualification table
•The same tasks and range performance measures are utilized on successive
tables
•Designed to challenge by using demanding tasks, using full or scaled (3/4)
targets
•Second table to utilize live ammunition
•Crews are evaluated to the same standard as subsequent Live Tables

13. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 13
UNCLASSIFIED
Live Tables
•Table VI (Qualification)
•A single vehicle table used to qualify a crew and/or platform
•The same tasks and range performances measures are utilized
•Table VI must be fired with full-caliber ammunition against full-scale
targetry
•Qualification Table
•
Crews are evaluated to the same standard as previous Live Tables
•
Multiple-qualification criteria table

14. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 14
UNCLASSIFIED
Required Performance Measures
•Required performance measures (RPM) as seen below are
incorporated into the previous tasks/engagements
•These engagements will be conducted on all tables; e.g. III-VI
•These engagements will be conducted on all platforms:
•One defensive engagement, day and night
•One offensive engagement, day and night
•One short range engagement day or night
•One long-range engagement day or night
•
One VC engagement day and night
•One chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN)
engagement, day and night
•Call For Engagements Day and Night

15. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 15
UNCLASSIFIED
Kill Standards
•In order for a crew to achieve a target kill on any presented threat they must achieve the
target kill standard
•TC 3-20.31 Crew Training and Qualification Kill Standard
•To achieve a kill on a Troop Threat/Target
•M249, M240, M2HB, and M2A1 must hit a TROOP with at least one round
•MK19 must place one round within 5 meters of a TROOP
•M249, M240, M2HB, and M2A1 must hit a TRUCK with at least three rounds
•MK19 must place one round within 5 meters of a TRUCK
•Senior Gunners are authorized the following
•During tables III through VI, the tower must be prepared to serve as a notional wingman
for the firing crew. The tower may announce over the firing net when the kill standard is
achieved on any target, regardless if it falls automatically or not
•This is considered sensing a round or target

16. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 16
UNCLASSIFIED
Fire Commands

17. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 17
UNCLASSIFIED
Fire Commands
•Types of Fire Commands
•Initial
•Given upon initiation of an engagement
•Subsequent
•Senses or adjusts the firer on to the target or threat if
the target or threat is not initially defeated on the
initial burst
•Supplemental
•Utilized during multiple target engagement
•Shifting the gunner from one target to the next

18. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 18
UNCLASSIFIED
Fire Commands
•Five Elements of Pintle-Mounted Machine Gun Fire Command
•Description (D)
•Truck, Troop, Sniper, Bunker, RPG Team, etc
•This acts as the alert element
•Direction/Elevation (D)
•12 O’Clock (O’Clock Method), Quadrant, TRP, Traverse
L/R, Roof/Ground, L/R Side, L/R Front, L/R Rear, etc
•Range (R)
•
Meters (Rounded up or down)
•840 Meters = 800 Meters
•1380 Meters = 1400 Meters
•100 Meters = 100 Meters

19. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 20
UNCLASSIFIED
Fire Commands
•
Elements of Pintle-Mounted Machine Gun Fire Command
•Termination
•Every fire command must be terminated with Cease
Fire after an engagement and can only be done by
the VC
•Cease Fire can be administratively given by any
member of the crew for a safety concern
•Friendly troops
•
Neutral (Red Cross/Red Crescent/Etc)
•ROE

20. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 21
UNCLASSIFIED
Fire Commands
•Terms of a Fire Command
•Responses to a Fire Command
•The Crew must provide certain responses to a fire command such as the
following:
•If a VC says Truck (Description), 12 O’Clock (Direction), 200 Meters
(Range). The Gunner must say Identified 200 Meters prior to the VC
giving the command of execution
•The Gunner in the same situation may say Cannot Identify. The VC
would then give further information
•The Gunner in the same situation may say Cannot Engage (weapons
malfunction or harm to friendly or neutral if the Gunner did fire)
•The Gunner must give a response to a Command of Execution from the
VC. Their response is “On The Way” for every machine gun burst
•Sensing/Assessment
•To move a round or set of rounds on to target if the previous round or set of
rounds did not meet the kill standard crews will utilize the acronym DLOST

21. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 22
UNCLASSIFIED
Fire Commands
•Sensings/Assessment (Continued)
•DLOST
•Doubtful (Left or Right)
•Lost
•Over
•Short
•Target
•The VC will give objective sensings to move a Gunner on to target utilizing
objective terms like target form, clicks, meters, inches, etc
•Move it down one target form
•Move it up one target form
•Move it left one click
•Move right two inches of your barrel
•If ‘Fire’ was the Command of Execution the VC must say and decide whether a
Target has been hit standard
•If ‘Fire and Adjust was the Command of Execution the Gunner must say and
decide whether a Target has been hit to kill standard

22. Leadership. Energy. Execution. 23
UNCLASSIFIED
Questions