Introduction to Health System. (the basic)

Goals and functions of different health care systems

1. Introduction to Health System:
Its Goals and Functions

103/06/25
Prepared by Shiraz Shaikh

2. Learning Objectives
By the end of Session, the students will be able to:
•Differentiate between Health Care System and Health System
•Differentiate between Static and Dynamic Health Systems
•Enlist Global Criteria for ranking Health Systems
•Describe three main goals of Health System and WHO Criteria for
Assessment of Health System
•Enlist four main functions of Health system
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3. Beliefs
Norms
Economy
Political system
Social
system
Environment
Services
Infrastructure and
Consumables

Providers
Patients
Improved
Health System
Increased
Productivity
Less Burden
on Health
Development
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM
AND
HEALTH SYSTEM
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4. Health System: Definition
•All the activities whose primary aim is to promote, restore
and maintain health
•Includes:
 Formal health services
Non-formal services (Health promotion and disease
prevention)
Activities whose primary purpose is something other than
health (education, industry, agriculture)
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5. Static VS Dynamic Health Systems
•Static health system constantly try to manage emerging issues with old
strategies
•Dynamic health systems evolve and continuously respond to:
Changing demographic and epidemiologic profiles of populations
Rising expectations of a more educated clientele
A fast growing private health sector
Rapid changes in medical technology
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6. Ranking Health Systems
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7. Bloomberg’s Most Efficient healthcare
•Compares 51 countries only
•The Bloomberg ranking considered three indicators:
(1) life expectancy of the population in each country (60%)
(2) percentage of GDP per capita cost of health care (30%)
(3) absolute per capita cost of health care (10%)
•Reasons for the choice of indicators and the dedicated weights are not
explained
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8. Bloomberg’s Rankings
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9. Commonwealth Fund: Mirror on the Wall
•Compared the 11 industrialized countries
•Assessed 5 dimensions and 80 indicators:
(1) Quality
(2) Access
(3) Efficiency
(4) Equity
(5) Healthy lives
•All indicators in this study were weighted equally
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11. •WHO’s Health System Performance Assessment
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12. The 3 main goals of health system and their
indicators
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13. Measuring overall Performance
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14. Goals: Health
•Most important goal of health system
•Goodness assessed by:
Disability Adjusted Life Expectancy
•Fairness assessed by:
Life expectancy in rich and poor
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15. Goals: Responsiveness
A system’s response to non-health aspects of patients by meeting their
legitimate expectations
Respect of Patient
1. Dignity
Gentleness
Privacy
2. Autonomy
Right to choose what interventions
they do and do not receive
3. Confidentiality
Personal health information
4. Clear Communication
Listening to Patient carefully
Clear explanation of condition
Giving patients time to ask questions
Client Orientation
5. Prompt attention
•Short waiting times
6. Access to Social Support:
Access to visitors/newspapers
Being able to observe social &
religious practices during hospital stay
7. Quality of basic amenities:
Adequate space and seating
 Access to clean water and fresh air
 8. Choice of Provider
•Being able to get to see a health care
provider you are happy with

16. Responsiveness
•Assessing goodness:
% of people reporting being treated with dignity
% of people being provided basic amenities
•Assessing fairness:
% of poor treated with dignity
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17. Goals: Fairness in Financing
•Cost of health system is distributed according to ability to pay
rather than risk of illness
•Assessed by:
Out of pocket expenditure
Contribution in prepayment (regressive or progressive)
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18. Fair financing
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20. 03/06/25 20

21. FUNCTIONS GOALS / OUTCOMES
Functions of the Health System
HEALTH
Responsive-
ness
Fair Financial
Contribution
Service
Proviision
Resources
Generation
Stewardship
(Oversight)
Financing (Collecting,
Pooling and Purchasing)
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22. Ranking according to Healthcare Access and
Quality Index
•Based on death rates from vital registration records of 32 causes of deaths
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23. Summary:
•Health system is a combination of HCS and external
factors
•There are three main goals of health system (Health,
responsiveness and fair financing) which can be
achieved by effectively functioning governance,
financing, resource generation and service delivery
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24. Thanks
Pessimist Idealist
03/06/25
Pragmatist