Introduction to Heritage Management CHA

Heritage Management

1. UNIT ONE CONCEPT OF HERITEGE AND HERITAGE TOURISM Before heritage let's see what culture and civilization mean.   Culture : culture is general term. It is a complex set of learned beliefs customs, skills, habits, traditions and knowledge shared by members of a society; it is the value of general human development culture has the concept of Philosophy Aesthetics Literacy and Sociology Philosophy __ defines culture in terms of creative thinking Aesthetics __defines culture in terms of beauty Literacy __describes culture in terms of knowledge Sociology __ defines culture in terms behavior of human being   Culture in not single product rather is it an mixture of different components.  

2. cont ’…d Culture in not single product rather is it an mixture of different components Culture p attern of bhr Achievements Ideas Values What is cultural Tourism? Culture tourism is a type of tourism that includes: Learning about other and their way of life Learning about self Travel for personal enrichment ( education, knowledge, creative thinking, researching) Commercialized manifestation of human desire to see how others live in their authentic environment. Civilization Civilization is an achieved state of or condition of an organized social life as well as the process where it has been arrived at.

3.   Heritage Definition : Heritage is what we have inherited from our past. It can be in art form, music, dance, history, monument, idea and soon. It is all of the practices we have handed down traditionally. It has the notion of inheritance and intergeneration exchange or relation ship What is Heritage tourism? Heritage tourism is traveling to experience the places, artifacts and activities that represent the stories and people of the past and the present . What is conservation ? Heritage conservation Sustainable use and protection of heritage resources including plants, animals, mineral deposits, soils, water, fossil fuels, buildings and so on. Conservation of Natural Resources   Natural resources are grouped in to two categories Renewable and Non-renewable. A) Renewable Resources: are (is) one that nay be replaced over time by natural process such as fish population, or natural vegetation or is inexhaustible such as solar energy. The goal of renewable resources conservation is to ensure that such resources are not consumed faster than they are replaced. B ) Non renewable resources : are those in limited supply that can not be replaced or can be replaced only over extremely long periods of time e.g. fossil fuels and mineral deposits. Conservation activities for non renewable resources focus on maintaining an adequate supply of these resources well in to the future Natural Resources are conserved for their :- Biological , Economic, Recreational Values & Natural beauty and importance to local cultures:- tropical rain forest & Economic live hood of the local culture.

4. Cont ’…d Conservation conflicts arise when natural resource shortages develop in the face of gradually increasing demands from a growing human population. Controversy frequently surrounds how a resource should be used, or allocated & for whom. Methods of conservation The challenge of conservation is to understand the complex connections among natural resources and balance resource use with protection to ensure an adequate supply for future generations. In order to accomplish this goal variety of conservation methods are used. These Include :- Reducing consumption of resources Protecting them from contamination or pollution Reusing or recycling renounces when possible & Fully protecting or preserving resources Consumption of natural resources rises dramatically every year as the human population increases and standard of living rise.  

5. Current types of conservation issues Although each resource has a unique set of conservation problems & solutions, all resources are inter-connected in a complex and integrated web, so damaging one thread of the web definitely weaken the entire structure. It would be impractical to work towards the conservation of soil, for instance, with out considering the needs and effects of near by water and vegetation resources. Biodiversity Conservation Biodiversity denotes the number and variety of (Biological diversity) different organisms & ecosystems in a certain area. Conserving biodiversity is essential for ecosystems to respond flexibly to damage (change). E.g. Single corn: Insect (disease)....... Damage Several types of corns: Insect (disease)....... some of them will survive The same principle applies to natural areas, which adapt to natural environmental changes such as wildfire, drought or disease. Humans benefit greatly from the many medicines, crops, and other products that biodiversity provides. As many as 40% of modern pharmaceutical medicines are derived from plants (animals) Human activities have greatly reduced biodiversity around the world. The greatest threat to biodiversity is loss of habitat as humans develop land for agriculture, grazing, industry and habitation. Drastic damage is reaching on tropical rain forests which covers <7% the earth's surface but >50% the planet's biodiversity.

6. Cont ’…d Formulating policies & rules that protect endangered species as well as a new scientific field (conservation Biology) studies the ways to stop the destruction of biodiversity & restore natural habitats. Forest Conservation Forests may provide many social, economic, and environmental benefits. In addition to timber and paper products, forests provide wildlife habitats & recreational opportunities, prevent soil erosion and flooding, help provide clean air & water and contain tremendous biodiversity. They are also an important defense against global climate change. Through the process of photosynthesis, forests produce life giving oxygen and consume huge amounts of CO2, the atmospheric chemical most responsible for global warming. By decreasing CO 2 in the atmosphere, forests reduce the effects of global waning. However , huge areas of the richest forests in the world have been cleared for different purposes. Soil conservation   Soil is a mixture of mineral, plant, and animal materials is essential for most plant growth & is the basic resource for agricultural production. Human have accelerated the erosion process by developing the land and clearing the vegetation that holds water & soil in place.

7. Cont ’…d Soil can be conserved through Reducing deforestation & overgrazing appreciation & reforestation Reforming agricultural soil management methods. Strip –cropping – alternating strips of clop & Uncultivated land to minimize erosion & water runoff lands to minimize erosion & water runoff Counter farming: -- planting crops along the counters of sloping lands to minimize erosion & runoff. Terracing – reduces erosion & runoff in slops. Growing leguminous plant to restore essential nitrogen in the soil. Water conservation The pollution of rivers & streams with chemical contaminants has become one of the most critical environmental problems of these days. Waterborne chemical pollution entering to rivers & streams comes from two major sources. Point pollution and non point Pollution Point pollution – Those pollution sources from which distinct chemicals can be identified. eg . Factories, refineries, outfall pipes. Non point pollution - Involves pollution from sources that can't be precisely identified. E.g. From runoff from agricultural or mining operation, or sewage drain fields. It is estimated that each year 10 m people die world wide from drinking contaminated water. Clean fresh water resources- are essential for drinking, bathing, cooking, irrigation, industry & for plant & animal survival.

8. Cont ’…d However uneven distribution & chronic water shortages & drought are common over much of the globe. The sources of most fresh water supplies-ground water, (water located below the soil surface), reservoirs & rivers are under sever & increasing environmental stress because of over use, pollution, and ecosystem degradation Fresh water conservation therefore requires, A reduction in wasteful practices like insufficient irrigation; Reforms in agriculture & industry; & Strict pollution controls world wide. In addition, water supplies can be increased through effective management of water sheds. By restoring natural vegetation, communities can increase the storage & filtering capacity of these water sheds & minimize wasteful flooding and erosion Energy Conservation There is a global need to increase energy conservation and the use of renewable energy resources, Alternatives renewable resources are: water power solar energy wind energy Geothermal energy (energy contained in hot water deposits with in the earth curst) is efficient and practical. In addition to using alternative energy resources, conservation measures include improving energy efficiency.

9. Cont ’…d In the house hold, energy can be conserved by Turning down thermostats. Switching of unnecessary lights Insulating homes. Using less hot water. Conservation of Historic Buildings Can generally be considered as the action taken to prevent decay and prolong the life of the architectural heritage. The conservation process should be taken (carried out) with out damaging the building & with out destroying or falsifying historical evidence. Restoration & Reconstruction A) Restoration- The process of returning a heritage object to a known earlier state, with out the introduction of new materials. B) Reconstruction:-altering a heritage object by the introduction of new or old materials in to the fabric, to produce a work which respects the original.

10. Main Conservation Principles 1 . Retention (restoration) of historical significance The aim of conservation should be to retain, recover or reveal as much of the historical significance as is possible. Provision for its security, maintenance and future must be part of this aim. 2. Conservation process based on research It's important to know and understand the history of the building & its current physical condition, prior to the commencement of work. If this is not done, costly errors can be made and the completed project flawed.   3. Minimum physical intervention This means making the minimum change to the historic building or place. E.g. repairing windows instead of replacing them, and accurate replacement. 4. Maintenance of visual setting – respecting the visual setting has a paramount importance in conservation (restoration .) DOS and Don'ts Be guided by the general principles of conservation. Remember that old buildings need to breathe: hermitically sealed windows and cement rich renders & mortals prevent this happening & are very damaging to the fabric. Allow an old building to retain its natural movement. Seek expert advice. Don't a ) assume something is beyond repair just by its appearance b ) Throw out any original material.

11. Principles of Heritage conservation Recognizing the importance of heritage places Recognizing __ Identify the sense of significance (importance) Describing __ Identify the reason why it has been recognized. Understanding __ having a good knowledge of a place described. Communicating __ addressing the significance to the general public. General public Tourists Other Local communities Tour operators Site managers & Other organization 2. Look after heritage places . This is all about long term protection of heritage places. That is retaining the significance of natural and cultural heritage each heritage place has its own significance to be protected. 3. Developing mutually Beneficial Partners ship This includes developing active partnership and alliances, presentation and operation of tourism activities to the local people. In addition to this, working together with the local people in the management. Moreover, it includes developing partnership with ingenious custodians.

12. Cont ’…d 4. Incorporating Heritage issues in to business planning Sound business planning is very important. It is necessary to involve both heritage and business objective in the business plan. (Fulfilling both objectives i.e. profit maximization and proper conservation protection). Monitoring the progress is also important. 5. Investing in people and place Increasing the use of local goods& service e.g. building materials Providing training and education program for the locals Upgrading of visitor facilities e.g. .building walking road, in heritage places Creating improved visitor understanding – good interpretation of culture a heritage for visitors so that they would be careful 6. Providing high quality visitor experience This is Providing enjoyable and enriching visitor experience – They would be happy & take care in heritage site. Creating motivation from those involved; and delivering committed and detailed service since tourists are dependent in areas like heritage places.  

13. Cont ’…d Respecting indigenous right and obligations . Ingenious people have Cultural obligations (dos and don'ts as per the principle of the society) They are the primary sources of information Objective and operating guide-lines of heritage conservation should be wildly discussed. Agreement up on the relevant indigenous community. Respect of cultural protocols Control of intellectual cultural properties (like photographs, disclose of very important information) Under standing of Heritage significance & its advantage Significance: - the special and unique qualities of a place & a site, heritage. There are two principal reasons way understanding the significance of heritage place is important.