Introduction to human rights PRESENTATION.pptx

Introduction to human rights. Lesson presentation for human rights 101.

1. Definition of Human Rights Characteristics of Human Rights Sources of Human Rights Approaches to explain nature of Human Rights MEANING AND NATURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS

2. To deny people of their human rights is to challenge their very humanity. -Nelson Mandela

3. •Rights that are INHERENT to all human beings without which, we cannot live as HUMAN BEINGS. It allow us to develop and use our human qualities, intelligence, talents and conscience and to satisfy our spiritual and other needs. •SUPREME, INHERENT and INALIENABLE rights to LIFE, DIGNITY, and to SELF-DEVELOPMENT. The essence of these rights makes man human. HUMAN RIGHTS

4. •Laws that guarantee human rights to each and every individual. HUMAN RIGHTS LAW •It obligates states to act in a certain manner and also prohibits specific actions that might work against an individual or a population.

5. CHARACTERISTICS OF HUMAN RIGHTS INHERENT IMPRESCRIPTIBLE INALIENABLE INDIVISIBLE INTERDEPENDENT FUNDAMENTAL UNIVERSAL Natural or Inborn. Not granted by any person or authority. Cannot be rightfully taken away from an individual. Cannot be lost even by a long passage of time. Cannot be denied even when other rights have already been enjoyed. fulfillment or exercise of a right cannot be had without the realization of other rights. without them, life of man will be meaningless. It applies irrespective of one's origin, status, condition, ethnicity or condition.

6. BASIC HUMAN RIGHTS AND THEIR CATEGORIES CIVIL RIGHTS POLITICAL RIGHTS SOCIAL RIGHTS SOLIDARITY / COLLECTIVE RIGHTS ECONOMIC RIGHTS CULTURAL RIGHTS EQUALITY RIGHTS

7. Sources of Human Rights Customary International Law Treaty Law One that is developed through the general and consistent practice of states and is followed out of a sense of legal obligation (e.g. Universal Declaration of Human Rights) Human rights provided in international agreements such as treaties, covenants and conventions have been collectively developed, signed and ratified by different states. It may be general, specific or specific as to coverage.

8. PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH 2. PRAGMATIC APPROACH APPROACHES TO EXPLAIN THE NATURE OF HUMAN RIGHTS also known as Theoretical approach Every right, whether it be perceived as an inalienable right or not, is valid and effective only through some process or recognition by an institution.Thus, it cannot be defined without reference to some institutional structure.

9. PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH Natural Rights Theory Rights are God-given and can never be taken or even given away. Among these fundamental natural rights, Locke said, are " life , liberty , and property ." Locke believed that the most basic human law of nature is the preservation of mankind. John Locke

10. PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH Natural Rights Theory This theory states that individual enter society with certain basic rights and that no state or government can deny the rights that individuals already have. Natural Law – Human beings are the master of themselves and act on their own in accordance with the laws and rules of nature. It also describes human beings as the creature of nature in relation to natural law.

11. Human rights completely depend on the recognition by the states and institution . PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH Legal Rights Theory The theory provides that an individual cannot claim his or her rights if these are not recognized by his or her states and institution.

12. Legal Right theory dictates that the state defines the bill of rights. PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH Legal Rights Theory The State create laws and sustains it. Thus, if the content of the law changes, the rights of the individual also changes.

13. Human rights completely depend on the recognition by the states and institution . PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH Legal Rights Theory The theory provides that an individual cannot claim his or her rights if these are not recognized by his or her states and institution. It states that Human Rights are not inherent in the nature of man..

14. PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH Social Welfare Theory of Right The theory believes that human rights are created by society based on consideration of the common welfare of humans. Also known as Social Expediency Theory. Human rights are the condition of Social welfare .

15. PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH Social Welfare Theory of Right It is the yielding of society, law, customs and traditions in line with what is socially useful and acceptable. It also assumes that if the society does not recognize/approve of the right, then it will not become human right.

16. Humans are the external factor affecting the internal and real development of an individual. This Theory treats the right to personality as a supreme and absolute right. PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH Idealistic Theory of Right/ Personality Rights Theory

17. Humans are the external factor affecting the internal and real development of an individual. This Theory treats the right to personality as a supreme and absolute right. PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH Idealistic Theory of Right/ Personality Rights Theory Inner development of a man develops his full potentiality

18. PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACH Comparison of Theories Natural vs. Legal Right Natural Right Theory states that Human Right is Inherent while legal right theory opposes the same and states that Human right is neither absolute or inherent . Natural – Government cannot take away the inherent rights of an individual Legal Right – The state is the is the source of right, thus outside the state, an individual has no rights at all and can never claim them from the state. Legal vs. Social Similarity: the society needs to recognize the right first before it can be a human rights Legal vs. Historical Similarity: Human rights are changeable/developed over time Natural vs. Historical Right is inherent vs Right develops overtime, created through evolution of civilization

19. HUMAN RIGHTS PRINCIPLES The dignity of man and human life is inviolable. From the dignity of man is derived the right of every person to free development of his personality. A legitimate state should exist to assure that in discharge of the governmental functions, the dignity that is the bright right of every human being is safe guarded.

20. Concepts of Human Rights History of Human Rights History of Human Rights in the Philippines ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS Development of Human Rights

21. CONCEPTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS Western Concepts of Human Rights The concept of human rights developed along side the development of human consciousness. In western countries such as Britain, France and America, human rights are considered to be not permanent and have no eternal source of cosmic order. Through evolution and civilization, they developed a need for a better life thus, they seek the rights that they know are inherent for humans. In this western societies, Human Rights are given more importance.

22. CONCEPTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS Eastern Concepts of Human Rights Human rights in the Eastern part of the world vary within regions and political orientations. Religion is the most influential factor affecting human rights. In this societies, religion forms part of their daily life, thus religious teachings provided guidelines for acceptable behaviors and duties of each individual. This religious teachings had been fundamental to the development and creation of human rights. Some of the major belief systems found in the eastern part of the world are Confucianism, Buddhism and Islam.

23. CONCEPTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS Socialist Concepts of Human Rights Fundamental rights of an individual are derived from the dialectal process of history. (Karl Marx and Lenin) Human rights are not conferred to an individual by its nature, rather it is a product of the processes that played role in various histories where individuals wanting to end the communist classes existing in a capitalist society. According to Marx, there are 2 classes that exist in capitalistic society – the proletariat and the bourgeoisie. From this classes, human history on class struggles ensued and to end this communism (revolutionary socialism) is developed. According to this concept, Human rights are neither natural nor essential. To an individual. This rights have no significance but they are part of the general law of the land.

24. CONCEPTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS Socialist Concepts of Human Rights Under Socialism, an individual still has the right to his/her own propertybut industrial productions and other means of the society or earningmoney is communally owned and managed by the democratically elected government. Socialism views society as a whole, thus, society should control or own vast amounts of the properties of the community for the benefit of all members.

25. CONCEPTS OF HUMAN RIGHTS Religious View/ Concept of Human Rights Human rights originates from the ideas of mercy, kindness to others, and pity on human beings. Human rights belong to all living things may it be human or not.