Introduction to Hydraulics engineering

Introduction to Hydraulics engineering

1. Hydraulics Engineering
Introduction
By Dr. M. Mubashir Qureshi

2. HydraulicsEngineering
The term "hydraulics‟ is related to the application of the Fluid
Mechanics principles to water engineering structures, civil and
environmental engineering facilities, especially hydraulicstructures
(e.g. canal, river, dam, reservoir and water treatment plant)[1].
◼Definition
Branch of Civil Engineering concerned with the flowand
conveyance of the fluid, especially water.[Wikipedia]
Highly related to design of bridges, dams, canals, levees,water
supply system, sanitation, irrigationsystem
◼Difference between Hydraulics andHydrology
◼History ofHydraulics
[1.] The Hydraulics of Open Channel Flow: An Introduction, Second Edition,
by Hubert Chanson. 2004. ElsevierButterworth-Heinemann.

3. Historical Hydraulic
Instruments

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5. History
◼Egyptian:
Signs of use of canals for
water supply and irrigation by
Egyptian
Oneofmajorcontributionby
Pharohswasconstructionof
canals
Draw water from canal/river
by Swape orShuduf
◼Shuduf is a bucket attached toa
pivoted boom through a string.
The boom is balanced by a
counter weight on farend.

6. Various Civilizations in
ChronologicalOrder

7. ◼Mesopotamia
Mesopotamia is Greek Word meaning “Land between two rivers” i.e.
Tigris andEuphrates
Sumerian (~ 2500 BC) built walled cities and for that dug canals, which
are considered as first engineeringworks
They fought over waterrights
They had written rules about maintenance of canals. e.g. rule belowis
6
th
c. BCrule:
Mesopotamian agriculture declined because of saltysoils.
Tigris & Euphtates carried silt 6 times more than Nile, and such posed
bigger problems of flooding and course changes than that in Egypt (Nile
valley)
Mangols destroyed their irrigation system in 1258AD
History

8. Qanat orKaraiz
Ref: Hyd. Des. Hand Book by Larry WMays
Karaiz: A system of tunnelsused
to bring water from an underground source
in the hills down to thefoothills.
◼Developed byArmenian
◼Asyrian (Mesopotamia) Ruler
Saragon Destroyed it in Armenia
and brought it to Asyria in 715BC
◼Spread in Africa, andPersia
◼Still in use inPakistan,
Afghanistan,Iran

9. Dams
◼The Sadd-el-Kafara dam (Dam of the Pagans) in Egypt, situated on the
eastern bank of the Nile near Heluan approximately 30 km south of Cairo,
in the Wadi Garawi, has been referred to as the world‟s oldest large dam
(Garbrecht,1985).
◼It was built between 2,950 and 2,690B.C.
◼Although the Jass drinking-water reservoir in Jordon and the diversion
dams on the Kasakh River in Russia are probably older, they are much
smaller than the Sadd-el-Kafara (Dam of thePagans).
◼It is unlikely that the Sadd-el-Kafara dam was built to supply water for
drinking or irrigation because the dam lies too far from the Alabaster
quarries situated upstream to have supplied the labor force with drinking
water. Furthermore, there is a vast supply of water and fertile land in the
nearby Nilevalley.
◼The apparent purpose of the dam was to protect installations in thelower
wadi and the Nile valley from frequent, suddenfloods.
◼The dam was destroyed during construction by a flood; consequently, it
was nevercompleted.
◼To date, the dam‟s abutments stillexist.

10. TGP

11. TGP

12. Shiplock

13. The boats leaving the final shiplock
at 113 meters lowerlevel.

14. Shiplock

15. Shiplift

16. SATELLITE IMAGE OFTARBELA
•DARBAND
▪HARIPUR
◼ BISHAMQILA

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ReservoirSurvey
RangeLines

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20. Hydraulics & CivilEngineers
◼Storage and Diversion Structures & TheirComponents
Spillways, Tunnels, Hydropower, Navigational locks, FishLadder
◼ConveyanceStructures
Canals, Pipes, Aqueducts, Flumes, Outlets, Head regulators, Cross
Regulators
◼MechanizedTransfer
Pumps,Tubewells
◼Hydropower
Water Wheels andTurbines
◼Drainage
Ditches and Drains, Open Drains, Tubewells, TileDrains
◼Sediment Erosion, Transport, andDeposition
◼Flood ControlStructures
◼Drinking WaterSupply
◼WaterTreatment

21. Wonders of
Hydraulics/Civi
l Engg.
Itaipu Dam: 196m high,
Power:18@715MW=12870MW
Panama: 8m kmlong,
Joining Atalantic & PacificOceans
Ref: http://www.7wonders.org/wonders/civil-
engineering-wonders.aspx
Delta Works,Netherlands

22. 22
“The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.”
Aristotle
THE END