Introduction To Internet and Applications.pptx

Information related to internet, web browsers, communication and Blogs, Gmail.

1. Ms. Smruti Dabhole, MSc, MPhil, (Ph.D) Introduction to Internet and Web Browsers Uses, Connections, Browsing, and Communication

2. Introduction to the Internet • Definition : A global network of interconnected computers that communicate freely and share and exchange information . • Brief History : • 1960s : ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) precursor to the internet developed by the U.S. Department of Defense. • 1980s : Introduction of TCP/IP protocols; the birth of the modern internet. • 1990s : The World Wide Web (WWW) is introduced by Tim Berners-Lee. • 2000s : Explosion of internet usage with the advent of high-speed connections and mobile internet. • Importance : • Communication : Email, social media, video conferencing. • Information Sharing : News, educational resources, research. • Business : E-commerce, online marketing, remote work. • Entertainment : Streaming services, online gaming, social networking.

3. Uses of the Internet • Communication : • Email : Exchange of digital messages. • Instant Messaging : Real-time text communication (e.g., WhatsApp, Messenger). • Video Calls : Visual and audio communication (e.g., Skype, Zoom). • Information Retrieval : • News Websites : Up-to-date information on various topics. • Online Libraries : Access to books, journals, and research papers. • Search Engines : Tools to find specific information (e.g., Google). • Entertainment : • Streaming Services : Movies, TV shows, music (e.g., Netflix, YouTube, Spotify). • Online Games : Multiplayer and single-player games. • E-commerce : • Online Shopping : Buying goods and services (e.g., Amazon). • Online Banking : Managing finances, paying bills, transferring money. • Education : • E-learning Platforms : Online courses and tutorials (e.g., Coursera, Khan Academy). • Webinars : Online seminars and workshops.

4. Web Addressing • Definition : URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address used to access web resources. • Structure : • Protocol : Indicates the method of accessing the resource (e.g., HTTP, HTTPS). • Domain Name : Identifies the website (e.g., www.example.com). • Path : Specifies the location of a page or file within the website (e.g., /page1). • Query : Provides additional parameters for accessing specific data (e.g., ?id=123). • Examples : • Simple URL : https://www.google.com • Complex URL : http://www.example.com/page1?id=123&name=test

5. Different Types of Internet Connections • Dial-up Connection : • Overview : Uses a telephone line to connect to the internet. • Speed : Up to 56 kbps. • Pros : Widely available, low cost. • Cons : Very slow, ties up the phone line. • Broadband Connection : • ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) : • Overview : Digital transmission over phone lines. • Speed : Up to 128 kbps. • Pros : Faster than dial-up, simultaneous voice and data. • Cons : Limited availability, higher cost. • DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) : • Overview : Uses existing telephone lines, separate from voice service. • Speed : Ranges from 256 kbps to several Mbps. • Pros : Always-on connection, does not tie up phone line. • Cons : Speed depends on distance from provider. • Cable : • Overview : Uses cable TV lines. • Speed : Up to several hundred Mbps. • Pros : High speeds, wide availability. • Cons : Shared bandwidth can reduce speed during peak times.

6. • Wireless Connection : • Wi-Fi : • Overview : Wireless local area network (WLAN). • Speed : Varies, typically up to several hundred Mbps. • Pros : Convenient, mobile. • Cons : Limited range, potential interference. • WiMax : • Overview : Wireless broadband over long distances. • Speed : Up to 1 Gbps. • Pros : Covers large areas, suitable for rural regions. • Cons : Requires line of sight, limited providers. • Satellite : • Overview : Uses satellites for internet access. • Speed : Up to 100 Mbps. • Pros : Available in remote areas. • Cons : High latency, weather can affect connection. • Mobile (3G, 4G, 5G) : • Overview : Cellular networks for internet access. • Speed : Ranges from 200 kbps (3G) to 1 Gbps (4G) and beyond (5G). • Pros : Mobile, high speeds with 4G/5G. • Cons : Data caps, coverage varies.

7. Naming Conventions in Internet Connections • SSID (Service Set Identifier) : • Definition : Name of a Wi-Fi network. • Usage : Identifies your wireless network; visible to devices within range. • IP Addresses : • IPv4 : 32-bit numeric address (e.g., 192.168.1.1). • IPv6 : 128-bit alphanumeric address (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334). • Usage : Identifies devices on a network, enables communication. • MAC Address : • Definition : Unique identifier assigned to network interfaces. • Usage : Used for network access control, uniquely identifies hardware.

8. Web Browsers • Definition : Software application for accessing information on the World Wide Web. • Examples : • Google Chrome : Popular, fast, and regularly updated. • Mozilla Firefox : Open-source, privacy-focused. • Apple Safari : Optimized for Apple devices. • Microsoft Edge : Integrated with Windows, fast performance. • Types : • Text-based Browsers : • Examples : Lynx. • Features : Displays only text, no images or videos. • Usage : Useful for visually impaired users, low bandwidth. • Graphical Browsers : • Examples : Chrome, Firefox, Safari, Edge. • Features : Displays text, images, videos, supports interactive content. • Usage : Standard for most users, supports a wide range of web activities.

9. Internet Browsing and Searching • Browsing : • Definition : Navigating through web pages using hyperlinks. • Steps : Open browser, enter URL or use bookmarks, click on links. • Tips : Use tabs for multiple pages, clear cache for better performance. • Effective Searching : • Use Specific Keywords : Narrow down search results. • Use Quotation Marks for Exact Phrases : “Artificial intelligence”. • Use Advanced Search Operators : site:example.com , filetype:pdf . • Search Engines : • Google : Most widely used, comprehensive search results. • Bing : Offers rewards program, integrated with Microsoft services. • Yahoo : Offers news, email, and search services.

10. Portals and Social Networking Sites • Portals : • Definition : Websites that offer a variety of services like news, email, search. • Examples : Yahoo, MSN (Microsoft Nwtwork ) , AOL (America Online) . • Features : Aggregated content, customizable user experience, multiple services. • Social Networking Sites : • Definition : Platforms for connecting and interacting with others. • Examples : • Facebook : Connect with friends, share updates, photos. • Twitter (X) : Microblogging, real-time news, and updates. • Instagram : Photo and video sharing, stories. • LinkedIn : Professional networking, job search.

11. Blogs • Definition : • A blog is a regularly updated website or web page, typically run by an individual or small group, that is written in an informal or conversational style. • Uses : • Personal : • Share personal experiences, hobbies, and daily activities. • Create an online journal or diary. • Professional : • Share industry insights, professional expertise, and career advice. • Build a personal brand and establish authority in a field. • News and Commentary : • Provide opinions and analysis on current events. • Report on niche topics not covered by mainstream media. • Educational : • Offer tutorials, how-to guides, and learning resources. • Share knowledge on specific subjects or skills. • Marketing and Business : • Promote products or services. • Engage with customers and build a community. • Improve search engine rankings (SEO) and drive traffic to business websites.

12. • Popular Blogging Platforms : • WordPress : • Highly customizable with thousands of themes and plugins. • Suitable for both beginners and advanced users. • Offers both free and paid versions. • Blogger : • Easy to use, ideal for beginners. • Integrated with Google services. • Free to use with options for custom domains. • Medium : • Focus on high-quality writing and reader engagement. • Clean, minimalist design. • Community-driven platform where writers can gain followers.

13. • Components of a Blog : • Posts : • Main content pieces, displayed in reverse chronological order. • Can include text, images, videos, and links. • Comments : • Section where readers can leave feedback and engage with the blogger. • Categories and Tags : • Help organize content and make it easier for readers to find related posts. • Archives : • Collection of older posts, usually organized by date. • RSS Feeds : • Allow readers to subscribe and receive updates when new posts are published. • Examples of Successful Blogs : TechCrunch : Focuses on technology news and startups. • The Huffington Post : Covers a wide range of topics, including politics, entertainment, and lifestyle. • Mashable : Provides news, information, and resources for the connected generation. • Lifehacker : Offers tips and tricks for improving productivity and lifestyle.

14. Viewing a Webpage • HTML (HyperText Markup Language) : • Structure and content of the webpage (e.g., headings, paragraphs, links). • CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) : • Design and layout (e.g., colors, fonts, spacing). • JavaScript : • Interactive elements and dynamic content (e.g., forms, animations). • Navigation : • URL Bar : Enter the web address. • Hyperlinks : Clickable text or images that take you to other pages. • Navigation Menus : Organized links to different sections of the site. • Back and Forward Buttons : Navigate between previously visited pages. • Bookmarks : Save favorite or frequently visited sites. • Examples : • Home Page : Main page of a website. • Landing Page : A page designed for a specific campaign or purpose. • Content Page : Pages containing articles, blog posts, or detailed information. • Components of a Webpage :

15. Downloading and Uploading Websites Downloading : • Definition : The process of saving files from the internet to your local device. • Steps : • Locate the file or content (e.g., image, document, video). • Click on the download link or button. • Choose a location on your device to save the file. • Wait for the download to complete. • Tips : • Use a download manager for large files. • Ensure your antivirus is up to date to scan downloaded files. • Uploading : • Definition : The process of transferring files from your local device to a website or server. • Steps : • Locate the upload section on the website (e.g., a form, upload button). • Click on the upload button and select the file from your device. • Wait for the upload to complete. • Examples : • Uploading photos to social media. • Submitting documents to a cloud storage service.

16. Creating an Email ID Steps : • Choose an Email Service Provider : • Examples: Gmail, Yahoo Mail, Outlook. • Visit the Provider’s Website : • Click on “Sign Up” or “Create Account”. • Fill in Required Details : • Name, desired email address, password. • Other details: phone number, recovery email. • Verify Your Account : • Usually via a verification email or SMS code. • Tips : • Choose a strong, unique password. • Use a combination of letters, numbers, and special characters. • Set up two-factor authentication for additional security.

17. Reading, Saving, Printing, Forwarding, and Deleting Emails Reading : • Open the email inbox. • Click on the email subject to read the full message. • Saving : • Use the “Save” or “Download” option for attachments. • Save important emails by moving them to designated folders. • Printing : • Click on the “Print” icon or select “Print” from the menu. • Choose your printer and settings. • Forwarding : • Click on the “Forward” button. • Enter the recipient’s email address. • Add a message if necessary, then send. • Deleting : • Select the email and click on the “Delete” button. • Emails may move to a “Trash” folder before permanent deletion.

18. Checking Emails and Viewing Attachments Checking Emails : • Open the email client or webmail. • Navigate to the inbox. • Refresh the inbox if necessary. • Viewing Attachments : • Click on the attachment link or icon. • Choose to view or download the attachment. • Open downloaded attachments with the appropriate software (e.g., PDF reader for .pdf files, image viewer for .jpg files).

19. Addressing Emails with CC and BCC CC (Carbon Copy) : • Definition : Sends a copy of the email to additional recipients. • Usage : When recipients need to be informed but not directly involved. • Example : Sending a meeting invitation to team members and CCing the manager. • BCC (Blind Carbon Copy) : • Definition : Sends a copy of the email to additional recipients without revealing their addresses to other recipients. • Usage : When recipients should not see each other’s email addresses. • Example : Sending a newsletter to a large group of people.

20. Conclusion Summary of Key Points : • Importance of the internet and its various uses. • Understanding different types of internet connections. • Effective browsing and searching techniques. • Managing emails and communication etiquette. • Encouragement to Explore Further : • Stay updated with new technologies. • Practice safe and responsible internet usage. • Explore advanced features of web browsers and email clients.