Introduction to islamic architecture

history ppt for 5th sem (islamic architecture )

1. INTRODUCTION TO ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE PRESENTED TO AR. KAJAL GARG PRESENTED BY RUSHALI SRIVASTAVA VIKAS KASHYAP AKANSHA KAUSHIK

2. Islamic architecture can be defined as a building tradition of muslim population of the middle east and any countries where Islam has been dominant from 7 th century on. In Islamic architecture invention concentrate in three major construction The mosque Tomb palaces ISLAMIC ARCHITECTURE

3. WORLD MAP SHOWING ISLAMIC COUNTRY

4. Muslims originally were from the nomadic “Sahara” desert tribes. They were called as “ Saracenic ” by the Greeks and Romans. These Desert tribe people came under one common faith-Muslim, Islamic Style or Mohamedan style. The religion spread all over the countries which adopted Muslim Religion in :- Arabia,Egypt,Persia,Syria,Palestine,Spain,Pakistan and Northern India. The building materials used for construction domes were bricks and were externally with plaster in Persia, stone in Egypt and India, Redstone in India. Due to the hot climatic condition the buildings had small windows are filled with intricate geometric designs Development of Islamic Architecture(7 th Century)

5. Earliest mosque for Friday prayer were square encloses surrounded by reeds Elaborate surface decoration provided in all mosque by beautiful geometric design called Arbesque and text from Quran . RELIGIOUS CONDITION OF MOSQUE

6. Womens quarter (harem) are separated from portion accesible to male vistior . The harem mostly provided on upper floor. Window towards the road side provided with wooden lattice for privacy to enable the occupants to see but not to be seen. SOCIAL CONDITION OF MOSQUE

7. MOSQUE : ISLAMIC PLACE OF WORSHIP BUILDING TERMNOLOGY JAMI : A place for offering Friday prayer. MADARSAH: Public school CASBAH/ CITADIL: A fortress HAMAM: A structural design for hot bathhouse

8. CARVANSERAI: A roadside inn for travellars . MAUSOLEUM: A tomb or monument RAUZA: A large mausoleum which also includes a mosque as a separate building. DARGAH: Important tomb of novels. BUILDING TERMNOLOGY

9. ELEMENTS OF Islamic architecture may be identified with the following design elements, which were inherited from the first mosque built by hall (originally a feature of the Masjid al- Nabawi ): Minarets or towers Iwan Mihrab Arches Courtyards( sahn ) Prayer area hall Domes and cupolas MOSQUE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT

10. MINARETS : A large tall tower in or continous to a mosque arch stair leading up to one or more balconies. Also from which the faithful are called to prayer. MOSQUE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT

11. IWAN: In india it is on eastern side of mosque and is decorated beautifully with mosaic, calligraphy on (entrance gate) motifs etc. MIHRAB: semicircular niche in the wall of a mosque that indicate the qibla . the drawing along side give us idea about the plan elevation and section of a typical mihrab in islamic architecture. MOSQUE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT iwan mihrab

12. ARCHES : Arches are the structure that spans a space while supporting weight. The most important form of opening was the pointed arch which were principally two and four centered. MOSQUE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT Diagram showing an example of a two- centred arch. Diagram showing a four-centered arch

13. Courtyards( sahn ): Is a fundamental feature and can be seen as different variations. According to their function the courtyards were cloistered and arcaded and the sides were punctuated with gateways, prayer chambers or arched porches ( iwans ). MOSQUE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT

14. Prayer area halls: main area to perform congregational pray. Domes And Cupolas: Domes were widely used throughout the Islamic world ; Persia, Mughals and Egypt domes tended to be pointed in contrast to the hemispherical Turkish version. MOSQUE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT

15. WATER : placed at the centre of the central courtyard which is used before entring the holy main building mosque. MOSQUE ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENT

16. THANK YOU 