Introduction to microscope and types and classification of protozoans.ppt

It is about the microorganisms

1. WELCOME TO THE WORLD OF
MICROBES AND THEIR VIEWING
-By Ricky
Educator
Catalyst Mind Centre

3. Time to play Kahoot

4. Introduction to Phylogenetic Kingdoms
•Monera(Eubacteria and Archaebacteria)
Prokaryotes.
•Protistia–Eukaryotes, diverse, not fungi, plants, or
animals
•Fungi–Eukaryotes, multicellular (except yeasts)
•Plantae–Eukaryotes, multicellular, non-motile,
autotrophic, cell wall containing cellulose
•Animalia–Eukaryotes, multicellular, motile,
heterotrophic, no cell wall

5. Name 5 Kingdoms

6. Name 5 Kingdoms
Monera Protista PlantaeFungi Animalia
The five-kingdom system

7. Entamoeba
histolytica
The Kingdom Protista
Slime molds
Autotrophic or heterotrophic
Most unicellular
Some multicellular

9. The Kingdom Protista
•Members of the microbial kingdom Protista originally were defined by structure
(mainly unicellular eukaryotes) and by the difficulty to classify them as either plant,
fungi or animal.
•More recently, the concept of protists was expanded to include certain multicellular
organisms such as kelp (Copeland, 1956).
•Members of Protista range from microscopic one-celled organisms like
dinoflagellates, to multicellular organisms, like seaweed.
•Protist group contains all eukaryotes that are not fungi, plants or animals.
•Animal-like groups are often referred to as Protozoans. The term Protozoa dates
back to when members of this group were considered “first animals.” Plant-like
forms are generally called Algae.

12. Euglena is both
autotrophic
and heterotrophic
Ecological Importance
•Important foundation in food chain.
•Produce a lot of Oxygen
•Symbiotic relationships
•Mutualistic
•Parasitic
•Medicinal and Industrial Uses

13. Ecological Importance of Protists
•Supply approximately one-half of the world’s oxygen.
•Protists, along with bacteria and fungi, are responsible for decomposing
and recycling nutrients.
Helpful protist
•Euglena are used to help treat sewage because of their unique ability to
switch from an autotrophic to a heterotrophic nutritional mode, helping to
maintain oxygen levels in the balance.
•Animal-like protists are responsible for diseases such as malaria, amoebic
dysentery, in humans.
Uses.
•Carrageenan, from algae, is used to produce a thickening agent in ice
cream, pudding, and candy.

14. 3 Categories
•I. Animal-like Protists.
•II. Plant-like Protists.
•III. Fungus-like Protists.

15. I. Animal-like Protists
•Protozoanmeans “First Animal”.
•Cells contain a nucleus.
•Cells lack a cell wall.
•They are heterotrophs.

17. Time to play Kahoot

18. One type:
•Amoeba : Pseudopods
•Blob shaped.
•Contractile Vacuoles:
controlsamount of water
inside
•Food Vacuole: where
food is digested.

19. Split Personality
•Amebas reproduce by
dividing into two new
cells (binary fission).
•Amebas can respond to
their environment.
•They are sensitive to
light and some
chemicals.

20. 2. Ciliates
•Have ciliaon the
outside of their cells.
•Tiny hair-like
projections used for
movement, to gather
food and as feelers.

21. Type: Paramecium
•Pellicle: tough outer wall.
•Slipper shaped
•Gullet: holds food.
•Food Vacuole: digests
food.
•Anal Pore: removes
wastes
•2 Nuclei
•Reproduces by either
binary fission or
conjugation.

22. II. Plant-like Protists
(Algae)
•Unicellular and Multicellular
•Colonies (groups of unicellular protists)
•Can move on their own
•Autotrophs:
•70% of the Earth’s oxygen is produced by Plant-like Protists!
•Pigments: chemicals that produce color

23. 6 Groups of Plant like Protists
•Euglenoids
•Diatoms
•Dinoflagellates
•Red Algae
•Green Algae
•Brown Algae

24. 1. Euglenoids
•Green
•Unicellular
•Live in fresh water
•Autotrophs, but can be
heterotrophs under certain
conditions.
•Flagella
•Eyespot: sensitive to light.
•Chloroplasts
•Pellicle

25. 2. Diatoms
•Unicellular
•10,000 living species.
•Aquatic
•Glass like cell wall
•Diatomaceous earth:
course powder that
comes from dead
diatoms (toothpaste, car
polish & reflective paint.

26. 3. Dinoflagellates
•Unicellular
•Cell walls are like plates
of armor.
•Two flagella
•Spins when it moves.
•Colorful (pigments)
•Can glow in the dark.
•Causes Red Tide

27. Red Algae
•Multicellular seaweeds
•Live in deep ocean waters
•Used for ice cream and hair
conditioner
•Used as food in Asia

28. Green Algae
•Most are unicellular
•Some form colonies
•Few are multicellular
•Can live in fresh and salt water
and on land in damp places.
•Very closely related to green
plants.

29. Brown Algae
•Commonly called seaweed
•Can contain brown, green,
yellow, orange and black
pigments.
•Attach to rocks
•Have air bladders
•Giant Kelp can be 100 meters
long!
•Used as food thickeners

30. III. Fungus-like Protists
•Heterotrophs
•Have cell walls.
•Many have flagella and are able to move at some point in their lives.
•Three types: Slime Molds, Water & Downy Molds
•Reproduce with Spores (tiny cell that is able to grow into a new
organism)

31. Water & Downy Molds
•Live in water or moist places.
•Tiny threads that look like fuzz.
•Attack food crops
•Caused the Irish Potato Famine.