INTRODUCTION TO NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES.pptx

A presentaion on Neglected Tropical Disease

1. NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES (NTDS ): PHARMACISTS ROLE IN THE ERADICATION EFFORTS BY GROUP 3.

2. INTRODUCTION TO NEGLETED TROPICAL DISEASES (NTDS) BY NWAORUSHA CHIJINDU ANDERLINE

3. OBJECTIVES To reawaken pharmacists to the fact these Neglected tropical diseases still exist and to remind pharmacists of their role in assisting to eradicate the situation .

4. OUTLINE Objective Introduction to Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) Definitions of NTDs Brief Overview of the Disease Classification of the Disease by World Health Organization (WHO) Prevalence in Nigeria Global burden and risk factors Summary References

5. INTRODUCTION N eglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of disabling, chronic and disfiguring conditions that occur mostly in settings of extreme poverty, especially among, poor rural and some disadvantaged urban populations . These are communicable diseases linked with poverty and are prevalent in areas with poor sanitation, inadequate safe water supply and substandard housing conditions in low income and middle income countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America with about 534,000 deaths.

6. BRIEF OVERVIEW OF THE DISEASE Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a diverse group of conditions caused by a variety of pathogens (including viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi and toxins) and associated with devastating health, social and economic consequences . Why are they called 'neglected'? They are 'neglected' because they are almost absent from the global health agenda. Even today, when the focus is on Universal Health Coverage, NTDs have very limited resources and are almost ignored by global funding agencies.

7. CLASSIFICATIONS OF NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES BY THE WHO.

8. PREVALENCE IN NIGERIA Nigeria has the highest burden on NTDs in Africa (WHO, 2023 ). 122 million people (43% of the population) live in areas where NTDs are common (WHO, 2023).

9. PREVALENCE IN NIGERIA, CONTD . The most prevalent NTDs in Nigeria are: Onchocerciasis (River Blindness) Lymphatic Filariasis (Elephantiasis) Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis (STH) Leishmaniasis

10. Disease Vector: Genus Simulium (Black fly) This is characterized by: Itchy eyes Redness Photophobia scarring →Blindness weight loss Onchocerciasis

11. Vector: Different kinds of mosquitoes (e.g Culex mosquitoe). Characterized by: Lymphedema Swollen lymph node Lymphatic Filariasis

12. Disease Vector: Fresh water snails Characterized by: Myalgia Malnutrition Abdominal distension Weight loss Schistosomiasis

13. Vector: Hookworm, roundworm, whipworm Characterized by: Loss of appetite Blood in stool Stunted growth Soil-transmitted Helminthiasis

14. Vector : Sandfly Characterized by: Ulcers/sores of the mucous membranes Leishmaniasis

15. TYPES OF LEISHMANIASIS Mucocutaneous/Mucosal Cutaneous Visceral

16. Affects the: Mouth Nose Throat Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

17. Cutaneous leishmaniasis Affects : The skin

18. Affects: Internal organs usually the spleen, liver and bone marrow Visceral Leishmaniasis

19. GLOBAL BURDEN 1.7 billion people worldwide are affectd by NTDs (WHO, 2023). NTDs cause an estimated 142,000 deaths annually in different parts of the world. (WHO, 2023).

20. Key Statistics Onchocerciasis: 31.4 million people at risk, 1.4 million infected(WHO, 2023). Lymphatic Filariasis: 123 million people at risk, 2.5 million infected (WHO, 2023). Schistosomiasis: 29.4 million people at risk, 2.1 million infected (WHO, 2023). Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis: 98.6 million people at risk, 28.8 million infected (WHO,2023).

21. RISK FACTORS Poverty Socio-economic vulnerability Environmental conditions Vector-born diseases

22. Summary Neglected tropical diseases are caused by a diverse group of pathogens. These diseases are prevalent in areas of poor hygiene, inadequate funding, lack of awareness and insufficient healthcare infrastructure. These Diseases are hardly included in the global health agenda, hence making them to be less noticeable.

23. REFERENCES World Health Organization. (202 3 ). Neglected tropical diseases: 2020 report (WHO/HTM/NTD/202 3 .01). World Health Organization. (202 3 ). Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: A road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021–2030 (WHO/HTM/NTD/202 3 .02). World Health Organization. (2020). Neglected tropical diseases: WHO research and development strategy (WHO/HTM/NTD/202 3 .03). World Health Organization. (202 3 ). Neglected tropical diseases : Global data

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