Introduction--to-Operating--Systems.pptx

Introduction to Operating Systems

1. Introduction to Operating Systems Operating systems are the essential software that manage a computer's hardware and software resources, providing a platform for applications to run efficiently and securely. by Ms K Gowri, Assistant Processor. Department of CSCS

2. History and Evolution of Operating Systems 1 Early Mainframe OSes 1950s-1960s: Batch processing and limited user interaction. 2 Emergence of Personal Computing 1970s-1980s: Development of user-friendly graphical interfaces like Windows and Mac OS. 3 Modern Networked OSes 1990s-present: Distributed, multi-tasking, and cloud-enabled operating systems.

3. Functions and Components of an Operating System Kernel The core of the operating system, managing hardware, memory, and processes. User Interface The interactive layer that allows users to access system functions and resources. Device Drivers Software that enables the OS to communicate with and control hardware devices.

4. Process Management and Scheduling 1 Process Creation The OS creates and manages individual processes, allocating resources as needed. 2 Process Scheduling The OS determines which processes run and for how long using algorithms like round-robin. 3 Concurrency Control The OS ensures proper synchronization and coordination between multiple concurrent processes.

5. Memory Management Virtual Memory The OS provides each process with its own virtual address space, abstracting physical memory. Paging and Segmentation The OS uses techniques like paging and segmentation to efficiently manage memory allocation. Memory Protection The OS enforces memory isolation, preventing processes from accessing each other's memory.

6. File System Management Directory Structure The OS organizes files and folders in a hierarchical directory structure. File Metadata The OS stores metadata like file permissions, ownership, and timestamps. Storage Management The OS manages physical storage devices and provides a unified file abstraction. Access Control The OS enforces access control policies to protect files and directories.

7. Input/Output Management Keyboard The OS provides input handling for keyboards and other input devices. Display The OS manages output to screens, monitors, and other display devices. Storage The OS handles read/write operations for various storage media. Network The OS enables network communication and network device management.

8. Conclusion and Future Trends 1 Increased Automation Operating systems will become more self-managing and self-healing. 2 Pervasive Computing OSes will integrate with a wider range of embedded devices and IoT. 3 Artificial Intelligence AI-powered OSes will provide more intelligent and personalized experiences. 4 Containerization Containerized applications will become the norm for OS-level virtualization.