Introduction to Organizational Behaviour

Introduction to Organizational Behaviour

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Chapter 1
Introduction to
Organizational Behavior
Essentials of Organizational Behavior, 8/e
Stephen P. Robbins

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After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
1)Define Organizational Behavior (OB)
2)Identify the primary behavioral disciplines
contributing to OB
3)Describe the three goals of OB
4)List the major challenges and opportunities
for managers to use OB concepts
5)Describe how OB concepts can help make
organizations more productive

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After reading this chapter, you should be able to:
6)Discuss why workforce diversity has
become an important issue in management
7)Explain how managers and organizations
are responding to the problem of employee
ethical dilemmas
8)Discuss how a knowledge of OB can help
managers stimulate organizational
innovation and change

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•Organizational Behavior-systematic
study of the actions
and attitudes
that people
exhibit within
organizations

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The field of OB seeks to replace
intuitive explanations with
systematic study

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Systematic study-the use of
scientific evidence gathered under
controlled conditions and measured
and interpreted in a reasonably
rigorous manner to attribute cause
and effect

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Determinants of Employee
Performance
•Productivity
•Absenteeism
•Turnover

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Organizational citizenship
•Discretionary behavior
•Not part of an employee's formal job
requirements
•Promotes the effective functioning of the
organization

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Examples of Organizational
Citizenship
•Helping others on one's work team
•Volunteering for extra job activities
•Avoiding unnecessary conflicts
•Making constructive statements about
one's work group and the overall
organization

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Job Satisfaction
•There’s a link between satisfaction and
productivity.
•Satisfaction appears to be negatively
related to absenteeism and turnover.
•Managers have a humanistic
responsibility to provide their employees
with jobs that are challenging,
intrinsically rewarding, and satisfying.

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Organization
•Consciously coordinated
social unit
•Composed of two or more
people
•Functions on a continuous
basis to achieve a common
goal
•Characterized by formal roles
that define the behavior of its
members

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Psychologyseeks to
measure,explain,
and change
behavior
Sociology studies
people in relation to their
fellow human beings
Social psychology
focuses on the
influence of people
on one another
Anthropologyis the
study of societies
to learn about human
beings and their activities
Political scienceis the
study of the
behavior of individuals
and groups within
a political environment
Contributing Disciplines

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Goals of Organizational
Behavior
•Explain, predict,
and control
human behavior

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Challenges and Opportunities
for OB
•Typical employee is getting older
•More women and minorities in the
workplace
•Global competition is requiring employees
to become more flexible
•Historical loyalty-bonds that held many
employees to their employers are being
severed

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Responding to Globalization
•Increased Foreign Assignments
•Working with People from Different
Cultures
•Coping with Anti-Capitalism Backlash
•Overseeing Movement of Jobs to
Countries with Low-cost Labor

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Managing Diversity
Workforce diversity-
organizations are
becoming a more
heterogeneous mix of
people in terms of
gender, age, race,
ethnicity, and sexual
orientation

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Diversity Implications
•Managers have to shift their philosophy
from treating everyone alike to
recognizing differences and responding
to those differences in ways that ensure
employee retention and greater
productivity.

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Improving Quality and
Productivity
•Quality management
•Process reengineering

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Quality Management
1)Intense focus on the customer
2)Concern for continual improvement
3)Improvement in the quality of everything
the organization does
4)Accurate measurement
5)Empowerment of employees

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Process Reengineering
•Evaluating process
in terms of
contribution to goals
•Inefficient processes
thrown out and new
systems introduced
•Redefines jobs and
requires most
employees to
undergo training

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OB Insights
•Improving People Skills
•Improving Customer Service
•Empowering People
•Working in Networked Organizations
•Stimulating Innovation and Change

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OB Insights
•Coping with “Temporariness”
•Helping Employees Balance Work/Life
Conflicts
•Declining Employee Loyalty
•Improving Ethical Behavior

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Levels of OB Analysis
Individual Level
Group Level
Organization System Level

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Summary
1)Defined Organizational Behavior (OB)
2)Identified the primary behavioral disciplines
contributing to OB
3)Described the three goals of OB
4)Listed the major challenges and
opportunities for managers to use OB
concepts
5)Described how OB concepts can help make
organizations more productive

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Summary
6)Discussed why workforce diversity has
become an important issue in management
7)Explained how managers and organizations
are responding to the problem of employee
ethical dilemmas
8)Discussed how a knowledge of OB can help
managers stimulate organizational
innovation and change