Introduction to orthodontics

the aims of orthodontics is to treat protruded teeth to prevent trauma . crowded teeth help initiation of caries so their treatment is indicated by orthodontics

1. Introduction
to
orthodontics
Under supervision
of
Prof .Dr: Maher Fouda

2. What is orthodontics ?
Orthodonticsisthatspecificareaofthedentalprofession
thathasresponsibilitytostudyandsupervisionofthe
growthanddevelopmentofthedentitionanditsrelated
anatomicalstructuresfrombirthtodentalmaturity.

3. Itincludesallpreventiveandcorrectiveproceduresof
dentalirregularitiesrequiringtherepositioningofteethby
functionalandmechanicalmeanstoestablishnormal
occlusionandpleasingfacialcontours.

4. Branches of orthodontics
Theartandscienceoforthodonticcanbe
dividedintothreecategoriesbasedonthe
natureandtimeofinterventioninto:-
Preventive orthodontics.
Interceptive orthodontics.
Corrective orthodontics

5. Preventive orthodontics
Definition:Itisthe
actiontakento
preserve the
integrityofwhat
appearstobe
normalocclusionat
aspecifictime.

6. •Thepreventivemeasuresmayinclude:Caires
control,anatomicaldentalrestoration,space
maintenance,transitoryoralhabitcorrection,
geneticandcongenitalanomalies,and
supervisingexfoliationofdeciduousteeth.

7. Interceptive orthodontics
Definition:Itisthat
phaseofthescienceand
artoforthodontics,
employedtorecognize
andeliminatepotential
irregularities and
malpositionsinthe
developingdentofacial
complex.

8. Corrective orthodontics
Definition:corrective
orthodonticsrecognizes
the existence of
malocclusionandthe
needforemploying
certain technical
procedurestoreduceor
eliminatetheproblem
andattendantsequelae.
Theseproceduremaybe
mechanical,functionalor
surgicalinnature.

9. Aimsoforthodontictreatment
1. Functional efficiency .
2. Structural balance .
3. Esthetic harmony .
4. prevention speech defect .
5. Correction of mouth breathing .
6. Cariesprevention.

10. 7.Periodontaldiseaseprevention.
8.Preventtraumatoanteriorteeth.
9.Preventionofriskoffollicularcyst.
10.Preventionofriskofrootresorption.
11.Preventionofcomplicationofprosthetic
treatment.
12.PreventionandmanagementofTMJD

11. Functional efficiency
Patientswithanterior
openbitesandthosewith
markedlyincreasedor
reverseoverjetsoften
complainofdifficultywith
eating,especiallywhen
incisingfood.
This patient
has a severe
anterior open bite
with contact only
on the molars

12. Theorthodontictreatment
shouldincreasethe
efficiencyoffunctions
performed by the
stomatognathicsystem.

13. Structural balance
Thetreatmentshould
maintainabalance
between teeth,
surrounding soft
tissueenvelopand
the associated
skeletalstructures.
Thecorrectionofone
should not be
detrimentaltothe
healthofanother.

14. Esthetic harmony
Aesthetic standereds cannot be
rigidly formulated and not all
irrigularities of the teeth are
aesthetically unsatisfactory.
what is acceptable deponds on
the attitude of the patient
himself and on the community
in which he lives.

15. Facial appearance can be very important to an
individual s well being , self image and success in
society.
child with a Class II
division 1 malocclusion
and
very poor aesthetic
appearance
Same child after
orthodontic
treatment

16. The orthodontic treatment
should increase overall
esthetic appeal of the
individual.

17. Psychological well being
Malocclusion that
adverselyaffectsthe
appearanceofperson
leadstopsychological
disturbances.Thus
treatment of
malocclusioninsuch
patientshelpsin
improvingthemental
wellbeingand
confidence.

18. Prevention speech defects
The connection between
various speech defects
and malocclusions is of
some practical
importance , for example
if a patient cannot attain
contact between the
incisors anteriorally , this
may contribute to the
production of a lisp

19. Correction of mouth breathing
Mouth breathing has been
attributed as a possible
etiologic factor for
malocclusion . The mode
of respiration influences
the posture of the jaw ,
the tongue and to lesser
extent the head which
alter the oro-facial
equilibrium thereby
leading to malocclusion.

20. Caries prevention
Malalignment of teeth
makes oral hygiene
maintenance a
difficult task, thereby
increasing the risk of
caries. The
orthodontic reduce
this risk by correction
of mallocclusion.

21. Periodontal disease prevention
Malocclusion
associated with poor
oral hygiene is a
frequent cause of
periodontal diseases .

22. Crowding lead to one or
more teeth being
squeezed buccally or
lingually out of there
investing bone,
resulting in reduction
of priodontal support.

23. Also in class III
malocclusion where
the lower incisors in
cross bite are pushed
labially, leading to
gingival receccion.

24. Traumatic over bites also lead to increased loss
of periodontal support.
traumatic
anterior occlusion
is displacing the
lower right central
incisor labially and
there is an
associated
dehiscence
The same
patient
but the cross bite
has been corrected
with a removable
appliance and
there has been
an improvement
in the gingival
condition

25. This malocclusion has an extremely deep bite
which can be associated with potential periodontal
problems
The same patient but not in
occlusion. The deep bite has resulted in labial
stripping of the periodontium on the lower right
central incisor

26. Prevent trauma to anterior teeth
The risk of trauma to
upper incisors
increases with the
size of overjet . Teeth
that are severely
proclined are at high
risk of injury
especially during play
or by accidental fall.
Class II Division 1 with an
increased overjet. The anterior
teeth are at risk of
potential trauma

27. Prevention of risk of follicular cysts
In the cases of
unerupted tooth
there is a risk of
formation of follicular
cyst . This possibility
can be eliminated by
exposing the tooth
and moving it
forwards.

28. Prevention of risk of root resorption
In the cases of
unerupted tooth there
is a risk of resorption
of the roots of
adjacent teeth. For
example, unerupted
canine may cause
resorption of roots of
lateral and perhaps
central.

29. Prevention of complication of
prosthetic treatment
Certain forms of malocclusion present difficult
problems in the design of prostheses. In these
cases orthodontic treatment may be indicated .
Crowding in anterior segment, lingual occlusion
of upper teeth, scissors bite can all present
special difficulties in prosthetic treatment and
justify orthodontic treatment.

30. Prevention and management of
Tempromandibular joint disfunction
syndrome
Malocclusion
associated with
prematurities and
deep bite are believed
to be a cause of TMJ
problems such as
pain and dysfunction.
Also, in the cases
with bruxism

31. Scope of orthodontics
1.Moving teeth.
2.Orthopedic change.
3.Altering the soft tissue envelop.

32. Moving teeth
Moving teeth without
any deleterious
effects into more ideal
locations is what
everyone always
associates this field
with.

33. Orthopedic change
Using functional
appliancesandthe
latestorthognathic
techniques,itis
possibletomove
entirejawsintomore
favorablepositions.

34. Altering the soft tissue envelop
Theorthodontistcan
helpretainorrestrain
thesofttissuesandor
bringaboutachange
inthembyalteringthe
positionoftheteeth
orthejaws.