Introduction to orthodontics and terminology of growth development 3. sınıf ingilizce 20 02 2024.pptx

Introduction to orthodontics

1. INTRODUCTION to ORTHODONTICS Prof.dr . M. Okan Akçam

2. M Okan AKCAM, DDS, PhD Ankara University F a culty of Dental Medicine Department of Orthodontics

3. Dr Kenji TAKADA DDS, PhD Professor Discipline of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry Faculty of Dentistry, NUS Professor Emeritus, Osaka University Visiting Professor to Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka Unive rsity , JAPAN

4. 30.05.2024

5. Prof.dr . Kenji takada Osaka unıversity , nus ( natıonal unıversıty of sıngapore ) emerıtus

6. 30.05.2024

7. 30.05.2024

8. Orthodontıcs : Orthos - dontos = straıght - teeth TERMıNOLOGY

9. orthodontıcs D evelopmental d ı sorders D ı rect ı ng and correct ı ng dentofac ı al growth-development Correctıon of tooth posıtıons the pos ı t ı on of the maxılla and mandıble ı n the cran ı ofac ı al region

10. VESTİBULO-POSITION PALATO-POSITION LİNGO-POSITION

11. SUPRA-POSITION; INFRA-POSITION ; (GINGIVAL) TRANS-POSITION; canine premolar

12. ROTATION; rotat ı on of a tooth around ı ts long ax ı s pass ı ng through ı ts center, dev ı at ı ng from ı ts normal pos ı t ı on.

13. PROTRUSION; vestıbulo-posıtıon of ıncısors .

14. INTRUSION; ı mpact ıon of a tooth ( or group of teeth ) with ı ts alveol us .

15. EXTRUSION; is the elongation of a tooth or group of teeth from its alveoli towards the occlusal plane relative to other adjacent teeth.

16. DİASTEMA; lack of proximal contacts of two adjacent teeth, gaps between them . POLY-DİASTEMA

17. OVERJET: Distance in the anterior-posterior (sagittal) direction between the palatal surfaces of the upper incisors and the vestibule surfaces of the lower incisors at closure . Norm: 2 mm.

18. OVERBİTE: It is the amount of closure in the vertical direction in which the upper incisors cover 1/3 of the crown length of the lower incisors from the incisal edge.

19. BUCCAL NON-OCCLUSION;

20. CROSS-BITE;

21. DEEP-BITE . OPEN-BITE

22. OPEN-BITE CORRECTİON

23. PROGNATHİE İNFERİOR; PROGNATHİE SUPERİOR; RETROGNAHTİE İNFERİOR; RETROGNATHiE SUPERİOR;

24. MiCROGNATHiE İNFERİOR; MiCROGNATHİE SUPERİOR; AGNATHİE

25. LATERO GNATHİE; Bİ MAXILLARY PROTRUSION;

26. SOFT TISSUE TERMINOLOGY PROCHELIE SUPERİOR; Protrusion of the upper lip PROCHELIE İNFERİOR; , Protrusion of the lower lip RETROCHELIE SUPERİOR; Retrusion of the upper lip , RETROCHELIE İNFERİOR; Retrusion of the lower lip ,

27. Classıfıcatıon of orthodontıc anomalıes : 1841 SCHANCE ; a) Teeth number anomalies , b) shape anomalıes , c) posıtıon anomalıes , d) direction anomalies . 1859 BRIDGMAN ; a) Anomalies caused by External Muscle Pressures; b) Occlus al anomalıes caused by Inner Muscle Pressures, c) Occlu sal Pressures and orthodontic anomalies; d ) hereditary anomalies , e ) bad habits, f ) Trauma / accidents, g ) Anomalies that occur as a result of Early tooth extractıon .

28. 1898 , Edward ANGLE ; CLASSIFICATION

29. neutral occlusıon ANGLE CLASS I ANGLE CLASS II ANGLE CLASS III

30. Turkish Norm: ° - 5 °

31. Angle's classification of occlusion; defines the mesio -distal relations of the lower and upper teeth and dental arches to each other, It is based on the relationship of the upper and lower permanent 1st molars with each other in the sagittal direction.

32. CLASS I

33. NEUTRAL OCCLUSION CLASS I

34. CLASS II

35. ANGLE CLASS II DIVISION 1 INCREASED OVERJET CLASS II

36. 2. ANGLE CLASS II DIVISION 2 Deckbıss – DEEP-BITE

37. Angle Class II, dıv.1 case

38. TWIN-BLOCK applıance

39. CLASS III

40. CLASS III

41. CLASS III

42. CLASS III Chın-cap

43. Orthognathıc Surgery CLASS III

44. Severe cases > orthognathıc surgery

45. VERTICAL SKELETAL ANOMALIES SKELETAL OPEN-BITE VS SKELETAL DEEP-BITE .

46. TRANSVERSAL DENTAL ANOMALIES Buccal Cross- Bıte :

47. Buccal Non - occlusıon :

48. crowdıng :

49. TRANSVERSAL skeletal anomalıes Postero-Anterıor x ray Laterognathie

50. Mıdlıne devıatıons : Facıal mıdlıne : Trichion , Glabella , Nasion , Subnasale , Stomion , Gnathion

51. Dıfferent head types

52. references RONALD H. ROTH DDS , WOODFORD W. GORDON CDT . FUNCTIONAL OCCLUSION FOR THE ORTHODONTIST WR PROFFIT , CONTEMPORARY ORTHODONTICS

53. Prof.dr . M. Okan AKÇAM CRANIOFACIAL Growth and Development

54. BASIC CONCEPTS GROWTH Growth refers to INCREASE IN SIZE – Todd Growth may be defined as the normal changes in the amount of living substance. – Moyers Growth usually refers to an increase in size and the number - Proffit  

55. DEVELOPMENT Development is PROGRESS TOWARDS MATURIT Y - Todd Development connotes a maturation process involving progressive differentiation at the cellular and tissue levels - Enlow

56. Growth ends ın adulthood , Development contınues throughout lıfe .

57. Correlat ı on between growth and development  G rowth is basically anatomic phenomenon and quantitative in nature.  D evelopment is basically physiologic phenomenon and qualitative in nature.

58. D ı fferent ı al growth Not all tissue system of the body grow at the same rate. Different tissues and in term different organs grow at different rates . This process is called D ı fferent ı al growth .

59. Orthodontıcs & growth-development

60. ORGANOGENESIS During the first 3rd-8th weeks of intrauterine life after fertilization, the ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm develop into the internal organs of the organism. D isorders that occur during the organogenesis stage constitute organopathy or malformations .

61. Organopath ı es are I rrevers ı ble d ı sorders . Example : cleft lip and palate

62. MORPHOGENESIS After organogenesis > the ‘ MORPHOGENESIS ’ phase . This period continues from the third month of intrauterine life until the individual reaches maturity. Growth and developmental disorders that occur during this period are called morphopathy or deformation .

63. BASIC PRINCIPLES - TERMINOLOGY - THE GROWTH OF BON Y ORGANS

64. Growth and Development mechan ı sms of facıal bone s DISPLACEMENT (Yer değiştirme) REMODELING (Yeniden şekillenme) CORTICAL DRIFT ( kortikal sürüklenme) RELOCATION (yeni yerler işgal etme)

65. 1. DISPLACEMENT (Yer değiştirme)

66. Translatıon + Rotatıon ( Solow , 1980)

67. 2. REMODELING (Yeniden şekillenme):

68. DURING THE DISPLACEMENT OF BONY ORGANS IN SPACE DURING GROWTH, THEIR GENERAL STRUCTURE AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH NEIGHBORING BONES TEND TO CHANGE . HOWEVER, IN THE MAINTENANCE OF THE GENERAL STRUCTURE AND RELATIONS, THE ADDITION OF NEW BONE TISSUE TO THE REQUIRED PLACES ON THE BONE SURFACES AND BONE TISSUE REMOVAL ON THE REQUIRED SURFACES PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE.

69. THIS PROCESS THAT OCCURS DURING GROWTH IS CALLED REMODELING (YENİDEN ŞEKİLLENME) . DURING REMODELING ; NEW BONE FORMATION AND DEPOSITION IS CALLED APPOSITION (OSSIFICATION) , AND BONE DESTRUCTION IS CALLED RESORPTION.

70. REMODELING (Yeniden şekillenme) + APPOSITION; osteoblasts > BONE FORMATION - RESORBTION; osteoclasts > BONE RESORPTION

71. Professor Beni Solow Unıversıty of Copenhagen , Denmark

72. - Desmal - Intramembranous Ossıfıcatıon By the mineralization of the matrix formed by OSTEOBLASTS Direct

73. - IndIrect - Endochondral OssIfIcatIon By the depositi on of bone on the preformed ( hyaline ) CARTILAGE matrix Indirect

74. Intramembranous Ossıfıcatıon mesenchymal cells dıfferentıate to osteoblasts , ( no cartilaginous model is first formed ) cranial vault maxilla mandibular body Direct

75. Endochondral Ossıfıcatıon An INDIRECT form of oss ı f ı cat ı on . a hyal ı ne cart ı lag ı nous model (template) is replaced w ıt h bone . Indirect Mandibular Condyle * * * cranıal base synchondroses Skull base Vertebrae Pelvis Long Bones

76. MANDIBLE Direct Indirect MANDIBULAR CONDYLE ( ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION ) THE BODY OF THE MANDIBLE ( INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION )

77. 3. cortıcal Drıft (KORTİKAL SÜRÜKLENME) THE MOVEMENT OF THE CORTEX BY THE REMODELING CAUSED BY APPOSITION ON ONE SIDE AND RESORPTION ON THE OTHER.

78. CORTEX ( defınıtıon ) THE OUTER OR SUPERFICIAL PART OF AN ORGAN OR BODILY STRUCTURE . Mandibula Coronoid Process

79. 4. Relocatıon (YENİ YERLER İŞGAL ETME) DURING THE GROWTH OF A BON Y STRUCTURE ; THE LOCATION OF A SITE BELONGING TO THAT STRUCTURE CONSTANTLY CHANGES ACCORDING TO THE WHOLE BONE.

80. Relocatıon (YENİ YERLER İŞGAL ETME) THUS, WHEN A CERTAIN REGION ON A BONE STRUCTURE OCCUPIES A NEW PLACE WITHIN THE WHOLE BONE STRUCTURE AS A RESULT OF GROWTH, IT IS CALLED RELOCATION . IN FACT, THE DISPLACED REGION DID NOT MOVE ACCORDING TO THE ENTIRE BONE, BUT IT HAS UNDERGONE A DISPLACEMENT .

81. Cephalocaudal Grad ı ent of growth B ody proportions during normal growth and development  IN FETAL LIFE, AT ABOUT THE THIRD MONTH OF INTRAUTERINE DEVELOPMENT, THE HEAD TAKES UP ALMOST 50% OF THE TOTAL BODY LENGTH. AT THIS STAGE, THE CRANIUM IS LARGE RELATIVE TO THE FACE AND REPRESENTS MORE THAN HALF THE TOTAL HEAD. After 3rd month of fetal lıfe , the proportıon of total body sıze contrıbuted by the head and face steadıly declınes . WR PROFFIT. CONTEMPORARY ORTHODONTICS. DOĞUM SIRASINDA BAŞ, BOYUN 1/4 ’Ü, 1 YAŞINDAN SONRA 1/5 ’İ, 7 YAŞINA KADAR 1/6 ’SI, OLGUN İNSANLARDA 1/8 ’İ.

82. IN CONTRAST, THE LIMBS ARE STILL RUDIMENTARY AND THE TRUNK IS UNDERDEVELOPED. BY THE TIME OF BIRTH , THE TRUNK AND LIMBS GROW FASTER THAN THE HEAD AND FACE, SO THAT THE PROPORTION OF THE ENTIRE BODY DEVOTED TO THE HEAD DECREASE S TO ABOUT 30%. A PROGRESSIVE REDUCTION OF THE RELATIVE SIZE OF THE HEAD TO ABOUT 12% THE ADULT.

83. PROPORTIONS OF THE HEAD AND FACE DURING GROWTH. AT BIRTH, THE FACE AND JAWS ARE RELATIVELY UNDERDEVELOPED WİTH THEİR EXTENT IN ADULTS. POST-NATALLY THERE IS MUCH MORE GROWTH OF FACIAL THAN CRANIAL STRUCTURES. WR Proffit

84. Scammons Curve 4 MAJOR TISSUES SYSTEMS OF HUMAN BODY; LYMPHOID NEURAL TISSUES GENERAL ( muscle , bone,vıscera ) GENITAL

85. Scammons Curve G rowth of the N eural tissues > complete d by 6 - 7 years of age. General body tissue s ( muscle s , bone s and viscera ) , slow rate of growth during childhood and acceleration at puberty. Lymphoid tissues proliferate far beyond the adult amount in late childhood, and then undergo involution at the same time that growth of the genital tissues accelerates rapidly. R.E. Scammon , 1930

86. POSTURE & MALOCCLUSION !