Introduction To Paediatric Nursing (Mumtaz).ppt

Introduction To Paediatric Nursing (By Mumtaz Ali Khan)

2. From: Mumtaz Ali Khan

3. Introduction To
Paediatric Nursing
By : Mumtaz Ali Khan
Prepared : By Mumtaz Ali Khan

4. PAEDIATRICS
Pedia
Means
Child
A perfect gift

5. PAEDIATRICSPAEDIATRICS

IatrikeIatrike means treatment means treatment

IcsIcs means branch of science means branch of science

6. Differences between Adult and Paediatric Differences between Adult and Paediatric
NursingNursing
Treating a child is not like treating a miniature adult.
Anatomical differences- body size
differences
Maturational changes- Body systems
Physiological- lack of reserves
Congenital defects & genetic variances
Developmental issue Communication barriersCommunication barriers
Legal issues

Emotional Differences Emotional Differences
Procedures

7. DEFINITION- PAEDIATRICS
Branch of medical science that deals with Branch of medical science that deals with
the care of children from conception to the care of children from conception to
adolescence in health and illness.It is adolescence in health and illness.It is
concerned with preventive,promotive, concerned with preventive,promotive,
curative and rehabilitative care of curative and rehabilitative care of
children.children.

8. FATHER OF PAEDIATRICS- FATHER OF PAEDIATRICS-
Dr Abraham JacobiDr Abraham Jacobi

9. Paediatric NursingPaediatric Nursing
•The specialised area of nursing practice
concerning the care of children during
wellness and illness. It includes
preventive, promotive, curative and
rehabilitative care of children

10. Pediatric NursingPediatric Nursing
•All round development of the body mind and
spirit of the growing individual.

11. Paediatric NursingPaediatric Nursing
•Involves in giving assistance ,care and
support to the growing and developing
children to achieve their individual
potential for functioning with fullest
capacity.

12. Paediatric NursingPaediatric Nursing

Nursing of infants and children Nursing of infants and children
is consistent with the definition is consistent with the definition
of nursing as “the diagnosis and of nursing as “the diagnosis and
treatment of human responses treatment of human responses
to actual or potential health to actual or potential health
problems”.(Wong)problems”.(Wong)

13. Lilian Wald 1893 –the founder of visiting nursing in the U.S.,
begins teaching a home class on nursing for Lower East Side of
New york women after a trying time at an orphanage where
children were maltreated

14. GoalsGoals

To provide To provide skilful intelligent need
based comprehensive care to the to the
children in children in health and illnesshealth and illness

15. Goals contdGoals contd

To To interpret the basic needs of
children to their to their parents and family
members and to guide them in child and to guide them in child
carecare

16. Goals contdGoals contd

To To promote Growth and Development
of children towards of children towards optimum state of
health for functioning at the peak of for functioning at the peak of
their capacity in future.their capacity in future.

17. Goals contdGoals contd

To To prevent disease and alleviate
suffering in children.in children.

18. GoalsGoals

Care to childrenCare to children

19. GoalsGoals

Interpret needsInterpret needs

20. GoalsGoals

Prevent disease Prevent disease
and alleviate and alleviate
sufferingsuffering

21. GoalsGoals

Promote growth Promote growth
and developmentand development

22. Qualities of a Paediatric NurseQualities of a Paediatric Nurse

23. PRINCIPLES- CHN

24. PRINCIPLES CHN
1.In Nursing Practice
•Concerned with the well being of the
child
•Developmental needs are integrated in
Nursing care
•Nursing care is delivered to the family
child unit

25. CONTD
•Nursing practice provides a unifying
feature for the integration of theory into
nursing practice.
•An interdisciplinary approach is used to
plan and provide care. Attention is paid
to the ethical, legal and moral dilemmas
present in the provision of health care.

26. PRINCIPLES CHN
2. Related to Child
•Each child is a unique person and family
member with needs and concerns that are
unique that are increased and complicated
during illness and hospitalisation.
•Growth and Development are functions of
genetic endowment and an environment
which provides a meaningful experience.

27. CONTD
•The child’s coping response to illness
or hospitalisation is a function of his
developmental capabilities, threats,
challenges, frustration, gratification.
•Anticipatory guidance techniques
help the child master the potentially
traumatic experience of illness and
hospitalisation

28. PRINCIPLES CHN
3. Related to the Family
•The integrity of family is supported during
illness/ hospitalisation
•The family’s culture and religious beliefs are
supported during illness and health
•The family’s style of coping with stress is
strengthened during illness and health.

29. Principles CHN

30. Family Centered Care

31. FAMILY
•An institution where individuals related through
biology or enduring commitments and representing
similar or different generations and genders,
participate in roles involving mutual socialization,
nurturance and emotional commitment (Lerner,
Sparks and McCubbin)

32. Key Elements of Family Centered
Care
•Family is the constant
•Facilitate Family professional collaboration
•Care of an individual child
•Program development and Implementation
•Policy formation

33. Family Centered Care contd…
•Exchanging complete and unbiased information
•Honors the cultural diversity- ethnic social racial
economic educational and geographic diversity.
•Recognizing and respecting different methods of
coping and supporting (developmental educational
environmental emotional and financial support).

34. Family Centered Care contd…
•Family to family support-networking
•Ensuring Services and support systems - flexible,
accessible and comprehensive.
•Appreciating families as families and children as children.

35. Family Centered Care- Concepts
•Enabling
•Enable families by creating opportunities and means for all
family members to display their current abilities and
competencies to acquire new ones.
•Empowering
•Interact such that families maintain or acquire a sense of
control over their lives and acknowledge positive changes.

36. Atraumatic Care
•“FIRST DO NO HARM”

37. Atraumatic Care
•Provision of therapeutic care in settings, by
personnel and through the use of interventions
that eliminate or minimize the psychologic and
physical distress experienced by children and their
families in the health care system.

38. Therapeutic care
•Prevention
•Diagnosis
•Treatment
•Palliation of acute and chronic conditions

39. Settings
•Home
•Hospital
•Health care setting

40. Personnel
•Anyone directly involved in providing therapeutic
care

41. Interventions
•Psycho logic
Preparing for procedures
•Physical
Preparing space or room for the family

42. Psychologic Distress
•Anxiety
•Fear
•Anger
•Disappointment
•Sadness
•Shame
•Guilt

43. Physical Distress
•Sleeplessness
•Immobilisation

44. 3 Principles3 Principles
•Prevent or minimise child’s separation
from family.
•Promote a sense of control.
•Prevent or minimise bodily injury and pain.

45. ExamplesExamples
•Fostering parent child relation ship
•Preparing for unfamiliar procedure
•Controlling pain
•Allowing child privacy
•Providing play activities
•Providing choices
•Respecting cultural differences

46. Case Management
•Best possible care with minimal costs
•Prevent duplication of Nursing care

48. Roles
•Primary care giver

49. Roles
•Health educator

50. Roles
•Nurse counselor

51. Roles
•Social worker

52. Roles
•Team co ordinator

53. Roles
•Manager

54. Roles
•Child care advocate

55. Roles
•Recreationist

56. Roles
•Consultant

57. Roles
•Researcher

58. TRENDS IN CHN

59. TRENDS IN CHN
Expanded role of Paediatric Nurse
Family centred care
Child initiated care
Nursing Process Approach
Inter disciplinary approach
Rooming in approach
Minimal hospital stay policy
Intensive care Unit

60. Expanded roles of Paediatric
Nurse
Paediatric nurse practitioner/Nurse specialist
Paediatric nurse clinician- oncology,
neonatology, community
Child and family advocate
Paediatric Nurse collaborator/Co ordinator
Paediatric nurse researcher
Paediatric nurse educator
Paediatric nurse Administrator
Primary Paediatric nurse
Community Paediatric nurse

61. TRENDS IN CHN contd
•Child Guidance clinic
•Child Development Centres
•Development of Genetic engineering and
Molecular biology
•Computer technology in Paediatric
Nursing
•Comprehensive care of children

62. FUTURE TRENDS
Prevention and promotion
Home care
Community care
Cost containment
Increasing Accountability
Increased dedication
Leadership
Research

63. ISSUES IN CHILD HEALTH ISSUES IN CHILD HEALTH
NURSINGNURSING

64. Ethical IssuesEthical Issues
Withdrawing and with holding Withdrawing and with holding
life supportlife support
Ideal observer theoryIdeal observer theory
OmniscienceOmniscience
Omni percipienceOmni percipience
DisinterestDisinterest
Dis passionDis passion
ConsistencyConsistency

65. Legal IssuesLegal Issues
•Informed consentInformed consent
•Standard of care and Quality Standard of care and Quality
assuranceassurance
•Short staffing and staff floatingShort staffing and staff floating

66. Conceptual IssuesConceptual Issues

AutonomyAutonomy

CompetenceCompetence

BeneficenceBeneficence

PaternalismPaternalism

Truth tellingTruth telling

ConfidentialityConfidentiality

Conflict of InterestConflict of Interest

67. Cultural IssuesCultural Issues

Aware of the cultural beliefs and Aware of the cultural beliefs and
interactive styles interactive styles

Assess the effect of them on a Assess the effect of them on a
particular child and familyparticular child and family

68. Social IssuesSocial Issues
Broken familiesBroken families
Co habitationCo habitation
AdoptionAdoption
Disturbed home situationsDisturbed home situations
AIDS in childrenAIDS in children
Handicapped children- physical, Handicapped children- physical,
mental or socialmental or social

69. Social Issues contd.Social Issues contd.

Prevention of handicapped Prevention of handicapped
1.1.Genetic counsellingGenetic counselling
2.2.Identification and early treatment of Identification and early treatment of
high risk grouphigh risk group
3.3.ImmunisationImmunisation
4.4.Proper nutrition of mothers and Proper nutrition of mothers and
childrenchildren
5.5.Health care of pregnant mothersHealth care of pregnant mothers

70. Social Issues contd.
Child abuse
Child labour
Child marriage
Infanticide

71. Genetic Issues
Insemination with artificial donor
Surrogate mothering
Antenatal detection of abnormalities and
MTP

72. Research IssuesResearch Issues
•Right to privacy
•Right to informed consent
•Truth in experimentation
•Confidentiality

73. Declaration of
the Rights of the Child

All children have the right to what follows, no matter what
their race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other
opinion, or where they were born or who they were born to.

You have the special right to grow up and to develop
physically and spiritually in a healthy and normal way, free
and with dignity.

You have a right to a name and to be a member of a country.

You have a right to special care and protection and to good
food, housing and medical services.

74. contdcontd

You have the right to special care if handicapped in
any way.

You have the right to love and understanding,
preferably from parents and family, but from the
government where these cannot help.

You have the right to go to school for free, to play,
and to have an equal chance to develop yourself and
to learn to be responsible and useful.
Your parents have special responsibilities for your
education and guidance.

75. contdcontd

You have the right always to be among the first to get
help.

You have the right to be protected against cruel acts or
exploitation, e.g. you shall not be obliged to do work
which hinders your development both physically and
mentally. You should not work before a minimum age
and never when that would hinder your health, and your
moral and physical development.

You should be taught peace, understanding, tolerance
and friendship among all people.

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