Introduction-to-Pakistans-Constitutional-Development.pptx

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1. Department of Pharmacy Political and constitutional development 2008 to onward Group members: Qazi Abdul Basit Hamza Nisar Aziz ur Rehman Shoukat Arman Irtiza Hassan

2. Introduction to Pakistan's Constitutional Development Pakistan has a rich history of constitutional development, marked by periods of both progress and challenges. Since 2008, the country has undergone significant political and institutional reforms, paving the way for a more stable and democratic system of governance.

3. Political Landscape in Pakistan (2008-2018) Democratization The 2008 general elections ushered in a period of civilian rule, with the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) forming the government. Peaceful Transitions The country witnessed two peaceful transfers of power, with the Pakistan Muslim League-Nawaz (PML-N) and the Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) taking turns in the government. Strengthening Institutions Efforts were made to strengthen democratic institutions, such as the judiciary and the parliament, to ensure greater checks and balances.

4. Key Constitutional Amendments (2008-2018) 18th Amendment The 18th Amendment, passed in 2010, devolved significant powers to the provinces, strengthened the role of Parliament, and removed the President's ability to dissolve the National Assembly. 19th Amendment The 19th Amendment, enacted in 2011, reformed the judicial appointment process, establishing the Judicial Commission of Pakistan to make recommendations to the President. 25th Amendment The 25th Amendment, passed in 2018, merged the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, integrating these regions into the constitutional and legal framework of Pakistan.

5. Key Constitutional Amendments (2008-2018) 1 18th Amendment Devolved more power to the provinces, strengthening the federal structure. 2 19th Amendment Introduced reforms in the judicial appointment process, enhancing the role of the judiciary. 3 25th Amendment Merged the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) with the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, promoting integration. 4 31st Amendment Increased the number of seats in the National Assembly, ensuring better representation.

6. Strengthening of Democratic Institutions Parliament The parliament's role in the legislative process and oversight of the executive branch has been enhanced. Judiciary The judiciary has taken a more active role in upholding the constitution and protecting fundamental rights. Election Commission Reforms have been implemented to improve the independence and transparency of the Election Commission.

7. Role of the Judiciary in Constitutional Reforms Judicial Activism The judiciary has played a proactive role in interpreting the constitution and safeguarding democratic norms. Landmark Rulings Key court decisions have strengthened the separation of powers and protected fundamental rights. Institutional Reforms The judiciary has pushed for reforms to enhance its own independence and efficiency.

8. Challenges and Controversies in the Constitutional Process Political Tensions Ongoing power struggles between various political parties have at times hindered the constitutional reform process. Institutional Conflicts Tensions between the civilian government and the military have occasionally led to constitutional crises. Regional Dynamics The complex geopolitical landscape and regional security concerns have also influenced the constitutional debates. Implementation Gaps While progress has been made, the effective implementation of constitutional reforms remains a challenge.

9. Impact of Constitutional Changes on Governance Decentralization The devolution of power to the provinces has led to more localized decision-making and improved service delivery. Accountability Stronger checks and balances have enhanced government accountability and reduced corruption. Human Rights The judiciary's role in protecting fundamental rights has strengthened the overall human rights landscape. Economic Development Improved political stability and institutional reforms have contributed to Pakistan's economic growth and development.

10. Conclusion and Future Outlook 1 Challenges Ahead Despite progress, Pakistan still faces challenges in fully realizing the potential of its constitutional reforms. 2 Continued Reforms Ongoing efforts to strengthen democratic institutions and address regional imbalances will be crucial. 3 Bright Future With a robust constitutional framework and a commitment to democracy, Pakistan is poised for a brighter future.

11. General Election 2018 The General Elections 2018 in Pakistan were held on July 25, 2018.
- The elections were the 11th general elections in Pakistan's history.
- The polls were held to elect members to the National Assembly (272 seats) and the Provincial Assemblies (577 seats).
- The main contenders were:
- Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) led by Imran Khan
- Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) led by Nawaz Sharif
- Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) led by Bilawal Bhutto Zardari
- The PTI emerged as the largest party, winning 116 National Assembly seats.
- The PML-N won 64 seats, while the PPP won 54 seats.
- Imran Khan became the Prime Minister of Pakistan, leading a coalition government.

12. Constitutional Amendments (20 1 8-20 24 ) 26th Amendment: The 26th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, passed in 2019, merged the Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) with the province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). The key aspects of this amendment are:
1. *Merger*: FATA was merged with KP, ending its status as a separate tribal region.
2. *Provincial status*: The merged areas became part of KP, with the same rights and privileges as the rest of the province.
3. *Governance*: The amendment introduced a new governance structure, with the KP government responsible for the administration of the merged areas.
4. *Representation*: The merged areas were given representation in the KP Assembly and the National Assembly.
5. *Mainstreaming*: The amendment aimed to mainstream the tribal areas, bringing them into the national fold and promoting economic and social development.

13. 27th Amendments The 27th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, passed in 2021, created a new province called South Punjab. Here are the key points:

- South Punjab was carved out of the existing Punjab province.
- The new province comprises the divisions of Multan, Bahawalpur, and Dera Ghazi Khan.
- South Punjab has its own provincial assembly, chief minister, and governor.
- The amendment aimed to address the longstanding demand for a separate province in southern Punjab.
- It also aimed to promote regional development, improve governance, and enhance political representation for the people of South Punjab.

14. 28th Amendment The 28th Amendment to the Constitution of Pakistan, passed in 2022, grants provincial status to Gilgit-Baltistan, making it the fifth province of Pakistan. Key aspects:

- Gilgit-Baltistan becomes a full-fledged province, equivalent to the other four provinces.
- The region gets greater autonomy and self-governance.
- The amendment provides for a provincial assembly, chief minister, and governor.
- Gilgit-Baltistan gets increased representation in the National Assembly and the Senate.
- The region will have greater control over its resources, economy, and development.

15. Strengthening of Democratic Institutions 1. Consolidation of Parliamentary Democracy: The 2018 elections marked a transition from a military-dominated government to a civilian-led government, solidifying Pakistan's parliamentary democracy.

2. Empowerment of Provincial Governments: The 18th Amendment (passed in 2010) was implemented, decentralizing power and giving provinces more autonomy.

3. Strengthening of Election Commission: The Election Commission of Pakistan (ECP) was empowered to conduct free and fair elections, with increased autonomy and resources.

4. Judicial Reforms: The judiciary was strengthened, with the Supreme Court taking a more active role in protecting human rights and the rule of law.

16. 5. Institutional Reforms: Steps were taken to improve the functioning of institutions like the National Assembly, Senate, and provincial assemblies.

6. Increased Political Participation: Efforts were made to increase voter registration, particularly among women and marginalized communities.

7. Civil Society Engagement: Space for civil society organizations and human rights groups was opened, allowing for greater citizen engagement and oversight.

8. Media Freedom: The media was granted more freedom, enabling greater scrutiny of government actions and policies. Strengthening of Democratic Institutions

17. Nawaz Sharif Disqualification The third Sharif ministry was formed on 5 June 2013 when Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) chief Nawaz Sharif became the prime minister of Pakistan for the third time. Sharif successfully led the right-of- centre and conservative PML-N to acquire a simple majority. in the 2013 general election against the leftist Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and the centrist Pakistan Tehreek -e- Insaf (PTI). Nawaz sharif govt. The cabinet was automatically dissolved on 28 July 2017 after Nawaz Sharif was disqualified and removed from the office of Prime Minister when the Supreme Court declared him guilty of not being truthful and honest

18. Shahid Khaqan Abbasi as Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif resigned as Prime Minister on 29 July 2017 and On 1 August 2017, Abbasi was elected as Prime Minister of Pakistan by the National Assembly, defeating his rival Naveed Qamar of the PPP by 221 votes to 47. Jamiat Ulema -e Islam (F)and the Muttahida Qaumi Movementalso supported his election. Mamnoon Hussain as President 12th president of Pakistan he is a relatively lesser known figure, described as loyal to Nawaz Sharif, and was elected as President of Pakistan as the official nominee of the PML-N in the July 2013 presidential election. Hussain secured 432 votes and his only rival Wajihuddin Ahmed received 77. Hussain secured 432 votes and his only rival Wajihuddin Ahmed received 77. He was sworn in on 9 September 2013 in a ceremony held at Aiwan -e-Sadr.

19. Major initiatives and Foreign Policy Actions Responding to the 2014 Jinnah International Airport attack • Launching the Operation Zarb-Azb and Operation Khyber- • Enforcement and initiation of the National Action Plan against the terrorist Renewed commitment towards completing the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline as part of the Energy security legislation. Establishing the National Directorate Intelligence Initiated the China-Pakistan Economic Corrido

20. Problems In Pakistan's Economy Structural problems in Pakistan's economy remained unaddressed. Current account deficits widened as exports declined and imports jumped, putting pressure on the nation's foreign exchange reserves. Increased deficit spending resulted in bigger budget deficit and heavy borrowing. Public debt and debt service costs climbed. School enrollment and literacy rates remained essentially flat in the last 5 years and Pakistan continued to rank low on. Release funds for Higher Education Commission to focus on higher education research. Social Policy Prime Minister's Youth Program Increasing the scope of the Benazir Income Support Programme Other Extended the Operation Madad in responding to 2014 Pakistan floods Actuale Win Samagri human development indices. Domestic Policy Actions Education

21. National Security Actions Reconstitute the National Security Council to maintain balance in civil military relations Appointment of Sartaj Aziz as the National Security Advisor (NSA) Continuation of the Nuclear power programme - 2050 as part of the Energy security legislation. Establishing military courts commission (Pakistan) | military courts commissions for terror suspects Protection of Pakistan Ordinance No. 2014 Establishing the National Counter Terrorism Authority

22. Political development in pakistan (2008 – 2013) . Syed Yousaf Raza Galani (26 March 2008 – 25 April 2012) . Raja Pervez Ashraf (22 June 2012 – 24 March 2013) . General Pervez Musharaf (29 November 2007 – 18 August 2008) . Muhammad Mian Soomro (19 August 2008 – 9 september 2008) . Asif Ali zardari (10 september 2008 – 9 september 2013) Presidents Prime Minister

23. Election of 2008 18 februry 2008 : A general election was held in the country with the PPP and PML –N heading for a come back. 21 februry 2008: PPP, PML –N and ANP agree to form a coalition to government at centre and in provinces. 17 march 2008: The oath taking by 329 newly elected law marked (MNA) the beginning of a five year term of the 342 seat lower house. Formation of Government

24. 24 March 2008 The National Assembly elected Yousaf Raza Galani Prime minister by more than two thirds majority, to put a coalition of Musharaf’s opponents in power, which the new leader used immediately to order to release of deposed Judges of superior courts kept under detention for over four and half months. President Pervez Musharraf resigned on 18 August 2008 after remaining in power for 9 year. Selection of Prime minister Resignation of president Pervez Musharraf

25. President 9 september 2008 Acting President in 2008 Muhammad Mian Soomro chairman of the senate served acting president. From 18 August 2008 to 9 september 2008 and he belong to PML-Q. 9 september 2008: PPP co- chairman Asif Ali zardari takes oats as the head of state. The oats was administered by chief justice Abdul hameed dogar at Aiwan -i- sadar . President

26. Problem facing by government Terrorism. Energy crises. Youth unemployment. Poverty. Inflation. May 2009: The military launched an operation in swat against the Pakistani Taliban followed order of the government. The operation followed a consensus within the country’s political leadership. Later in June, another operation was launched, this time in the south Waziristan tribal region against the Tehrik -i-Taliban pakistan (TTP). Operation in Swat

27. November 2009 : The government unveiled a conciliation package with an offer of dialogue with the Baloch . The package called Aghaz -i- Huqooq -i- Balochistan promised of probes into political murders, halting of new cantonments as well as more local control on resources. In March 2009, lawyers and opposition political parties under the leadership of Nawaz Sharif, who was re-elected as Prime Minister of Pakistan later in 2013, undertook a long march from Karachi to Islamabad to demand the reinstatement of a Supreme Court Chief Justice and other judges ousted from office by former President Pervez Musharraf. The long march was successful and the reinstatement of the judges was announced by the then-Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gilani on TV. Aghaz -i- Huqooq -i- Balochistan 2009 LONG MARCH

28. 9 March 2010 President zardari signed the protection against Harassment of women at workplace bill, 2010, aimed at providing a safe working environment to women. He reiterated the government’s commitment to ensuring equal rights for men and women in accordance with the constitution. 2 May 2011: Al Qaeda leader Osama bin ladin was killed in a firefight with US forces in Abbottabad, ending a nearly 10 year worldwide hunt for the mastermind of the september 11 attacks. Killing of Osama Bin ladin Protection against Harassment of women

29. Prime minister of Pakistan 19 June 2012 The supreme court declared Yousuf Raza Gilani disqulified from holding a seat in the parliament from the date of his conviction on 26 April 2012 by a seven- member bench for contempt of court. Raja pervaiz Ashraf; born 26 December 1950, is a businessman, agriculturist and politician who served as the 19 TH Prime minister of pak. from 22 June 2012 until completing his designated term on 16 March 2013. Yousuf Raza Gilani disqualified

30. END Of Government January 15, 2013: The Supreme Court directed the authorities to arrest all those accused in the rental power projects case. Raja Pervez Ashraf is among the accused. He was accused of receiving commission in the case as minister for water and power. The democratic government has completed its constitutional tenure, a first in Pakistan's history. Despite many hurdles and an unstable path, it is a landmark achievement for a civilian government. It is the first time in Pakistan's 66 years history that the National Assembly has completed its five-year tenure. From 18 February 2008 to 16th March 2013. Prime minister of Pakistan