Introduction to-pediatrics

Introductory lecture for MBBS students

1. INTRODUCTION TO PEDIATRICS
Dr Kaushik Barot
Assistant professor
M.D Ped (gold medallist)
PDCC (Pediatric Gastroenterology)
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3. INTRODUCTION
•Branch of medicine that deals with the care of
children and adolescents.
•Derived from the two Greek words
–Pedo pais meaning a child
–Iatros meaning healer
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5. HISTORY
•The first generally accepted paediatric hospital is
theHôpital des Enfants Malades
•Means Hospital for Sick Children in French
•opened in Paris in June 1802
•Presently called as Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital,
after merger with Necker hospital in 1920.
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7. •Swedish physicianNils Rosén von Rosenstein(1706–
1773) is considered to be the founder of modern
Paediatrics
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8. HISTORY OF PEDIATRICS IN INDIA
•Paediatrics made its beginning in Bombay in 1928 as
the late Dr George Coelho,
•Considered as the Father of Paediatrics in our
country
•Superintendent of the first independent hospital, BJ
Hospital for children in 1928.
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9. Why a separate branch ?
Both playing the same movie, but can a TV technician repair a mobile ?..................NO
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11. PEDIATRICS AS A SPECIALTY
•Fascinating specialty
•Deals with care of premature to adolescents
•Care beyond illness !
•Also covers intensive care management of sick
neonates and children along with providing home
care to newborns

12. PEDIATRICS AS A SPECIALTY
•Any medical or surgical branch would have to deal
with kids.

13. PERIODS OF GROWTH
•Neonate
•Infancy
•Toddler
•Preschool
•School age children
•Early Adolescents
•Middle Adolescents
•Late Adolescents
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14. NEONATES
First 4 weeks of life
IAP UG Teaching slides 2015-16 14

15. INFANTS
•Up to 1 year of age
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16. TODDLER
•1-3 years of age
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17. TODDLER
•1-3 years of age
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18. PRESCHOOL
•3-6 years of age
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19. SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN
•6-12 years
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20. ADOLESCENTS
•10-19 years of age
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21. CHILD MORTALITY
•India has the highest number of child births as well
as deaths.
•27 million babies are born every year
•This accounts for a 20% of the global birth cohort
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22. DEFINITIONS
•Under 5 mortality rate
–Number of deaths under the age of 5 years per
1000 live births
–41.9 per 1000 live births in 2019
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23. CAUSES FOR UNDER 5 MORTALITY
–Complications of prematurity -24%
–Neonatal sepsis-12%
–Pneumonia-11%
–Birth asphyxia-11%
–Diarrhea-10%
–Congenital anomalies-4%
–Measles-3%
–Injuries-3%
–Meningitis-2%
–Malaria-1%
–Others-14%
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24. DEFINITIONS
•Infant Mortality rate
–Number of deaths under the age of 1 year per
1000 live births
–35.2 per 1000 live births in 2019
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25. DEFINITIONS
•Neonatal Mortality Rate
–Number of deaths under the age of 28days per
1000 live births
–24.9 per 1000 live births in 2019
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26. DEFINITIONS
•Early Neonatal Mortality Rate
–Number of deaths under the age of 7 days per
1000 live births
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27. NATIONAL PROGRAMS ON CHILD HEALTH
•Core of the health policy
•Multiple child health programs have been rolled out.
•The Diarrheal Disease Control Program was launched
in 1981
•Universal immunization program against 6 diseases
was launched in 1985.
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28. NATIONAL PROGRAMS ON CHILD HEALTH
•ARI control program launched in 1990.
•Child survival and safe motherhood (CSSM) program
launched in 1992 which combined interventions for
child survival and maternal health.
•CSSM and program for family planning was combined
to form reproductive and child health program in
1997
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29. NATIONAL PROGRAMS ON CHILD HEALTH
•National Rural Health Program (NRHM) launched
in 2005.
•The RCH program was combined with NRHM.
•RMNCH+A was launched in 2013 which is an ongoing
child health program
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30. IAP
•Indian Academy of Pediatrics.
•Association of pediatricians in India
•Was established in 1962 in Patna, Bihar.
•Largest association of pediatrics in India.
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31. PEDIATRIC DEGREES
PG:-
M.D or D.N.B
D.C.H
SS:-
D.M or D.N.B
F.N.B
P.D.C.C
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32. Thank You
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