INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACOLOGY PRACTICAL main.pptx

KD TRIPATHI MANUAL

1. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION TO PHARMACY

2. INTRODUCTION Pharmacology : Pharmacon - drug Logos - study DRUG :- WHO (1966) :- a drug is a substance or product which is used or intended to be used to modify or explore physiological system or pathological state for the benefit of the recipient Pharmacy : It is the science which deals with the art of compounding , dispensing of medical preparation for the use of patient and for manufacture and testing of drug .

3. Branches of pharmacy : 1) Dispensing pharmacy It deals with extemporaneous compounding of small quantities of medical properties. 2) Pharmaceutics It deals with manufacturing of drugs on large scale and testing of the preparation of pure drugs . 3) Forensic pharmacy It deals with the laws of regulating the manufacture , sale , storage, packing and export of drugs .it also includes the laws governing the poison.

4. Pharmacopeia : It is an official book in which there is description of drugs , their method of estimation and standards regarding composition, purity, activity etc. Eg; British pharmacopoeia (B.P),United states pharmacopoeia (USP) Indian pharmacopoeia (I.P ) Sources of drug information : Commercial sources Non- commercial sources

5. Meaning of some Latin abbrevations Abbreviation Latin meaning O.d Omini die Daily once b.i.d or b.d bis in die Twice a day T.i.d or td Ter in die Thrice a day Q.i.d quarter in die four times a day Stat statim immediately aq aqua water aq.dest aqua distillate Distilled water

6. Metrology : The science which deals with measurement of weight & volume of any substance is known as metrology . There are 3 system Imperial system – Lb (pounce) & 0z (ounce). Metric system -- KG , G, L etc Domestic & household measurement – drops, tea spoon, GLASS. etc

7. PRESCIPTION ORAL REHYDRATION SALT (ORS) Dr. K. Krishna, MD NRIIMS Sangivalasa, Bheemunipatnam Visakhapatnam. For Date: --/--/201_ Name: Ajay, Age: 35 years, Sex: Male, Add: Sangivalasa Diagnosis:- Mild to moderate dehydration Rx - sodium chloride – 2.6 g Trisodium citrate dihydrate – 2.9 g Potassium chloride – 1.5 g Glucose – 13.5 g Mix and make a powder Directions: The powder is to be dissolved in 1 liter of drinking water and to drink as directed. Dr. K. Krishna, MD Reg.no :- 5678 superscription Inscription subscription signature

8. PRESCRIPTION WRITING Definition :- A prescription is a written order of physician to pharmacist with name & dose of drug, instruction of dispensing & mode administration to the pharmacist Types of prescriptions official prescription It is one in which the recipe is taken from standard test book known as pharmacopeia UNOFFICIAL PRESCRIPTION / EXTEMPORY It is the one in which the physician selects a drug and dose which he decides

9. PARTS OF PRESCRIPTION :- 1. Superscription 2. Inscription 3. Subscription 4. Signature

10. Superscriptions :- it consists of main qualification & address of physician & date , name , age & address of patient The symbol Rx stand for the Latin abbreviation word recipe, which means ‘’ take thou ’’ / “you take” The symbol Rx (treatment) which is the sign of “Jupiter” Inscription :- It is the body of prescription consisting name of drug to be taken and the quality of each when there is more then one ingredient these order should be as follow . Base – it is pharmacologically most important active ingredient and is always written first . Adjust adjuvant it is a drug used to enhance the action of the base and it follow the base in serial order.

11. b ) Corrective :- It is a drug used to overcome any undesirable effect of base or adjuvant. c) Flavoring & sweetening agent :- It is a substance which improves taste and smell. d) vehicle :- A substance usually inert in which other ingredients are uniformly distributed. it has occasionally medicinal value and may improve palatability of the preparation Subscription :- This is the direction to the pharmacist regarding the mode of preparation

12. Signature : it is from the Latin word “ signa ” which means to write or label. It contains Instruction to the patient Doctors name Signature Date Registration No. Instruction to the patient should be simple without any technical term or abbreviation whether it is for internal, use should be specified amount to be taken, relationship, food intake and tense of administration should be mentioned. If mixture contains soluble ingredients that label the preparation. Write instruction. “SHAKE THE BOTTLE BEFORE USE” LABELLING : instruction to the patient for proper use of preparation

13. LABEL ORS powder FOR Name : Ajay, Age: 35 years, Address: Vizianagaram Date: --/--/201_ DIRECTION:- the powder is to be dissolved in 1 liter of drinking water and to drink as directed PHARMACY LAB, NRIIMS COLLEGE, SANGIVALASA, BHEEMUNIPATNAM VISAKHAPATNAM. signature Write in left hand side page