Introduction to Physical Education, Meaning of Physical Education, Meaning and Aims of Education,

A. Introduction�to physical education
Meaning and Aims of Education
Meaning of Physical Education
Objectives of Physical Education
Scope of Physical Education
Legal Bases of Physical Education
Relationship of Physical Education, Games, Sports and Recreation
Contribution of Physical Education towards General Education
Modern Concepts of Physical Education
Ped 101
MEANING AND AIMS OF EDUCATION
Etymologically, the word ‘Education’ has been derived from different Latin words.
‘educare’ which means ‘to bring out’ or ‘to nourish’.
‘educere’ which means ‘to lead out’ or ‘to draw out’.
‘educatum’ which means ‘act of teaching’ or ‘training’.
‘educatus’ which means ‘to bring up, rear, educate’.
‘ēducātiō’ which means “a breeding, a bringing up, a rearing.”
Ped 101
DEFINITIONS OF EDUCATION
Mahatma Gandhi – “By education I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in man – body, mind and spirit.”
Rabindranath Tagore – “Education enables the mind to find out the ultimate truth, which gives us the wealth of inner light and love and gives significance to life.”
Dr. Zakir Husain – “Education is the process of the individual mind, getting to its full possible development.”
Swami Vivekananda – “Education is the manifestation of divine perfection already existing in man.”
Aristotle – “Education is the creation of sound mind in a sound body.”
Rousseau – “Education is the child’s development from within.”
Herbert Spencer– “Education is complete living.”
Plato – “Education is the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the right moment.”

DEFINITIONS OF EDUCATION
Pestalozzi – “Education is natural, harmonious and progressive development of man’s innate powers.”
Froebel -“Education is enfoldment of what is already enfolded in the germ.”
T.P. Nunn – “Education is the complete development of the individuality of the child.”
John Dewey – “Education is the process of living through a continuous reconstruction of experiences.”
Indira Gandhi – “Education is a liberating force and in our age it is also a democratizing
force, cutting across the barriers of caste and class, smoothing out inequalities imposed by
birth and other circumstances.”
John Locke said, “Plants are developed by cultivation and men by education”. This world would have been enveloped in intellectual darkness if it had not been illuminated by the light of education. It is right to say that the story of civilization is the story of education.Thus, education is an integral part of human life. It is the basic condition for a development of a whole man and vital instrument For accelerating the wellbeing and prosperity by the light of education.
NATURE OF EDUCATION
Education is a life-long process- Education is a continuous and lifelong process. It starts from the womb of the mother and continues till death. It is the process of development from infancy to maturity. It includes the effect of everything which influences human personality.
Education is a systematic process-

1. A. Introduction to physical education ADT LECTURE Ped 101 Meaning and Aims of Education Meaning of Physical Education Objectives of Physical Education Scope of Physical Education Legal Bases of Physical Education Relationship of Physical Education, Games, Sports and Recreation Contribution of Physical Education towards General Education Modern Concepts of Physical Education

2. MEANING AND AIMS OF EDUCATION Ped 101 Etymologically, the word ‘Education’ has been derived from different Latin words. ‘ educare ’ which means ‘to bring out’ or ‘to nourish’. ‘ educere ’ which means ‘to lead out’ or ‘to draw out’. ‘ educatum ’ which means ‘act of teaching’ or ‘training’. ‘ educatus ’ which means ‘to bring up, rear, educate’. ‘ ēducātiō ’ which means “a breeding, a bringing up, a rearing.”

3. DEFINITIONS OF EDUCATION Ped 101 Mahatma Gandhi – “By education I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in man – body, mind and spirit.” Rabindranath Tagore – “Education enables the mind to find out the ultimate truth, which gives us the wealth of inner light and love and gives significance to life.” Dr. Zakir Husain – “Education is the process of the individual mind, getting to its full possible development.” Swami Vivekananda – “Education is the manifestation of divine perfection already existing in man.” Aristotle – “Education is the creation of sound mind in a sound body.” Rousseau – “Education is the child’s development from within.” Herbert Spencer – “Education is complete living.” Plato – “Education is the capacity to feel pleasure and pain at the right moment.”

4. DEFINITIONS OF EDUCATION Ped 101 Pestalozzi – “Education is natural, harmonious and progressive development of man’s innate powers.” Froebel -“Education is enfoldment of what is already enfolded in the germ.” T.P. Nunn – “Education is the complete development of the individuality of the child.” John Dewey – “Education is the process of living through a continuous reconstruction of experiences.” Indira Gandhi – “Education is a liberating force and in our age it is also a democratizing force, cutting across the barriers of caste and class, smoothing out inequalities imposed by birth and other circumstances.” John Locke said, “Plants are developed by cultivation and men by education”. This world would have been enveloped in intellectual darkness if it had not been illuminated by the light of education. It is right to say that the story of civilization is the story of education.Thus , education is an integral part of human life. It is the basic condition for a development of a whole man and vital instrument For accelerating the wellbeing and prosperity by the light of education.

5. NATURE OF EDUCATION Ped 101 Education is a life-long process - Education is a continuous and lifelong process . It starts from the womb of the mother and continues till death. It is the process of development from infancy to maturity. It includes the effect of everything which influences human personality. Education is a systematic process- It refers to transact its activities through a systematic institution and regulation. Education is development of individual and the society- It is called a force for social development, which brings improvement in every aspect in the society. Education is modification of behavior- Human behavior is modified and improved through educational process. Education is purposive : every individual has some goal in his life. Education contributes in attainment of that goal. There is a definite purpose underlined all educational activities. Education is a training - Human senses, mind, behavior, activities; skills are trained in a constructive and socially desirable way

6. NATURE OF EDUCATION Ped 101 Education is continuous reconstruction of our experiences- As per the definition of John Dewey education reconstructs and remodels our experiences towards socially desirable way. Education helps in individual adjustment : a man is a social being. If he is not able to adjust himself in different aspects of life his personality can’t remain balanced. Through the medium of education he learns to adjust himself with the friends, class fellows, parents, relations, neighbours and teachers etc. Education is balanced development : Education is concerned with the development of all faculties of the child. it performs the functions of the physical, mental, aesthetic, moral, economic, spiritual development of the individual so that the individual may get rid of his animal instincts by sublimating the same so that he becomes a civilized person. Education is a dynamic process : Education is not a static but a dynamic process which develops the child according to changing situations and times. It always induces the individual towards progress. It reconstructs the society according to the changing needs of the time and place of the society. Education is a bi-polar process : According to Adams, education is a bipolar process in which one personality acts on another to modify the development of other person. The process is not only conscious but deliberate.

7. NATURE OF EDUCATION Ped 101 Education is a three dimensional process : John Dewey has rightly remarked, “All educations proceeds by participation of the individual in the social consciousness of the race.” Thus it is the society which will determine the aims, contents and methods of teachings. In this way the process of education consists of 3 poles – the teacher, the child and the society. Education as growth : The end of growth is more growth and the end of education is more education. According to John Dewey, “an individual is a changing and growing personality .” The purpose of education is to facilitate the process of his/her growth.

8. INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL AIMS PED 101 INDIVIDUAL Biologists believe that every individual is different from others. Every child is a new and unique product and a new experiment with life. Thompson says, “Education is for the individual”. Individual should be the center of all educational efforts and activities. Naturalists believe that central aim of education is the autonomous development of the individual. Rousseau said, “Everything is good as it comes from the hands of the Author of Nature, but everything degenerates in the hands of man.” God makes all things good, man meddles with them and they become evil. God creates everything good man makes it evil. So individual should be given maximum freedom for its own development. Psychologists believe that education is an individual process because of individual differences. No two individuals are alike. So education should be according to the interest of the individual. SOCIAL The supporters believe that society or state is supreme or real. The individual is only a means. The progress of the society is the aim of education. Education is for the society and of the society. The function of education is for the welfare of the state. The state will make the individual as it desires. It prepares the individual to play different roles in society. Individuality has no value, and personality is meaningless apart from society. If society will develop individual will develop automatically. Here society plays an important role.

9. MEANING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION ADT LECTURE Ped 101

10. MEANING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION With new understanding of the nature of human beings in which wholeness of the individual is the outstanding fact, physical education becomes according to Jesse Feiring Williams (1927) “education through the physical”. PED 101

11. MEANING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION Stressing the total educational experience, John E. Nixon and Ann E. Jewett, as restated by William Freeman (1977) defined physical education as “that phase of total process of education which is concerned with the development and utilization of the individual’s movement potential and related responses, and with the stable behavior modifications in the individual which results from these responses”. PED 101

12. MEANING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION According to Robert P. Pangrazi (1998), “physical education is that phase of general educational program that contributes to the total growth and development of each child through movement experiences”. PED 101

13. MEANING OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION Deborah Wuest and Charles Bucher (2005) defined physical education as “an educational process that uses physical activity as a means to help individuals acquire skills, fitness, knowledge, and attitudes that contribute to their optimal development and well-being” PED 101

14. OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION ADT LECTURE Ped 101

15. Fitness specifically refers to “physical” health and basically the ability of the body systems to work together efficiently with the least amount of effort. When a person puts in physical efforts like exercise, running or any kind of physical activity that helps him “stay in shape” it is called fitness. On the other hand, Wellness is more general and encompasses your whole being, these means that in addition to being physically fit, you also have to be emotionally, socially and mentally fit. Margie's Travel

16. Physical Development Focus is on the acquisition and development of physical skills which can increase one’s capability to enjoy lifetime recreational pursuits. This is attained through regular exercises and participation in varied vigorous activities. Regular physical activity and good physical fitness help enhance the quality of life in many ways. Physical fitness and exercise can help keep body fat levels in normal ranges and is responsible for muscle development that can improve one’s perception of self. PED 101

17. Mental Development Through physical education activities, learners acquire knowledge and understanding of rules and strategies of the games, sports and dance instructions. Varied activities in physical education help students develop their ability to analyze body movements, skills and game situations. PED 101

18. Emotional Development Physical education activities provide opportunities for self-expression and emotional mastery. People who have more positive feeling about physical activities are said to have more positive balance of feelings which increases and develops self-confidence, self-reliance and self-control. Positive character traits like courage and discipline are most likely to become part of an individual’s life. PED 101

19. Social Development Physical activity often promotes the opportunity to be with other people. Through active participation, students develop positive and desirable traits like cooperation, sportsmanship, friendliness, good leadership, respect for others and honesty in group competition. PED 101

20. Spiritual and Moral Development Physical education activities provide the development of inner self and soul. Experiencing these activities help students discover a personal meaning and purpose in life. These also lead to the appreciation of what is good and beautiful. PED 101

21. SCOPE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION ADT LECTURE Ped 101

22. SCOPE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION Ped 101 Basic Motor Movements Games, Sports and Swimming Self-defense Educational Gymnastics Traditional Sports and Games Dance Recreation

23. LEGAL BASES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION ADT LECTURE Ped 101

24. LEGAL BASES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION Article 1, International Charter of Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO, Paris, 1978 and Recommendation 1, International Disciplinary Regional Meeting of Experts on Physical Education, UNESCO, Brisbane, 1982 – “The practice of physical education and sport is a fundamental right of all…” “And this right should not be treated as different in principle from the right to adequate food, shelter, and medical care.” PED 101

25. LEGAL BASES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION Article XIV, Section 19, 1987 Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines “The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions and amateur sports including training for international competition to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy and alert citizenry.” “All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country and in cooperation with athletic clubs and other sectors.” PED 101

26. RELATIONSHIP OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION, GAMES, SPORTS,PLAY, LEISURE, AND RECREATION ADT LECTURE Ped 101

27. SPORTS Sport is an organized competitive form of play and governed by rules. Rules standardize the competition and conditions so that individuals can compete fairly. Referring to sport as an “organized” competitive activity means that the activity has been refined and formalized to some degree. Some definite form or process is involved. PED 101 GAMES Games, which are derived from play, are contests where the outcome is determined by strategy, skill, or chance. RECREATION “An activity voluntarily engaged in during leisure time and primarily motivated by the satisfaction of pleasure derived from it”. Meyer and Brightbill . PLAY Play is spontaneous and creative activity, having its own limits and space, indulged voluntarily, soaked in fun and pleasure inspired by nature for its own sake. Play is an activity, which is free, separate, creative, unproductive, governed by self and make-believe forms. LEISUE The condition of having one's time free from the demands of work or duty. -Macquarie Dictionary • Freedom or spare time provided by the cessation of activities; • free time as a result of temporary exemption from work or duties; • a time at one's own command that is free of engagements or responsibilities; • a period of unemployed time; RECREATION VS. LEISURE .. Leisure is related to time, and the whole of nonwork time in particular, and .. recreation is related to the specific activities pursued in that leisure time. But the distinction is a convention, and its rigid application can occasionally stifle a full exploration of the values and satisfactions of the leisure experience. Allan J. Patmore (1983) Recreation and Resources. Oxford, Blackwell, p. 6.

28. CONTRIBUTIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TOWARDS GENERAL EDUCATION ADT LECTURE Ped 101

29. CONTRIBUTIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TOWARDS GENERAL EDUCATION Ped 101 encourage a healthy and active lifestyle throughout the school body nurture sportsmanship in all aspects of competition widen each student’s sporting experience and enjoymen create a passion for active recreation and sport assist students in reaching their physical potential in a variety of sporting environments.

30. MODERN CONCEPTS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION ADT LECTURE Ped 101

31. CONTRIBUTIONS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION TOWARDS GENERAL EDUCATION Ped 101 Physical education in its modern concept is broader and more meaningful. Physical education is not confined to some forms of drill and regular exercises, but emphasizes on the physical fitness value "A way of education through motor activity and related experiences and its subject matter is primarily ways of behaving". "Physical education is not more drill or a series of regulated exercises. complete educative process and not mere exercise and perspiration properly planned and conducted

32. THANK YOU PED 101 ANGELICA D. TEBELIN 09123745728 [email protected]