Introduction to Political Parties....ppt

pol science

1. INTRODUCTION TO INTRODUCTION TO
POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
Women and Political Parties
The National Democratic Institute

2. INTRODUCTIONS/INTRODUCTIONS/
GROUND RULESGROUND RULES
•Introductions
•Ground rules
•Ice breaker exercise

3. INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL
PARTIES OBJECTIVESPARTIES OBJECTIVES
•To understand the roles, functions and
organization of parties
•To consider the importance of internal
democracy to increase representation
of women
Photo: Amy Hamelin, NDI

4. INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL INTRODUCTION TO POLITICAL
PARTIES TOPICSPARTIES TOPICS
•Roles of political parties
•Party elements and functions
•Internal party democracy
•Women’s participation

5. KEY TERMSKEY TERMS
•Political party
•Democracy
•Ruling party
•Opposition
•Transparency
•Other terms?
Photo: NDI

6. EXERCISE: ROLES OF EXERCISE: ROLES OF
POLITICAL PARTIESPOLITICAL PARTIES
•What are the basic roles of parties in a
democracy?
Photo: Amy Hamelin, NDI

7. ROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIESROLE OF POLITICAL PARTIES
•Competing in elections to gain influence
•Aggregating and representing social
interests
•Providing a structure for political
participation
•Providing policy alternatives
•Training political leaders

8. PARTIES AND CITIZENSPARTIES AND CITIZENS
Meaningful choices in
governance
Avenues for political
participation
Exert pressure on the
political system
Put local concerns in a
national context
Citizens
Political
Parties

9. CIVIL SOCIETY AND PARTIESCIVIL SOCIETY AND PARTIES
•CSOs: all groups outside government
•Can play an active role in politics
•Focus on fewer issues
•Do not seek political office
•Can work with a range of parties
Photo: NDI

10. PARTIES AND ELECTIONSPARTIES AND ELECTIONS
•Communicate competing policies
•Provide candidates
•Engage in debate
•Foster citizen participation
•Get out the vote
•Set electoral rules
•Promote electoral integrity
•Abide by results

11. PARTIES IN PARLIAMENT AND PARTIES IN PARLIAMENT AND
LOCAL BODIESLOCAL BODIES
•Implement legislative agenda
•Address citizens’ concerns
•Party discipline
•Committee work
•Coalitions
Photo: NDI

12. PARTIES IN GOVERNMENTPARTIES IN GOVERNMENT
•Run affairs of country
•Develop and implement policy
•Oversee government agencies
•Account for funds
•Deliver on campaign promises

13. PARTIES IN OPPOSITIONPARTIES IN OPPOSITION
•Contribute to accountability
•Monitor government actions
•Propose policy alternatives
•Seek compromise and solutions
Photo: NDI

14. NEED FOR PARTIESNEED FOR PARTIES
•Political parties are not perfect but…
•Scattering of individuals wouldn’t
function
•Groups would take on party
characteristics
•No other institution represents citizens’
interests as well

15. DIVERSITY AMONG PARTIESDIVERSITY AMONG PARTIES
•Size
•Funding
•Penetration within the country
•Ethnic makeup
•Ideology
•Governing vs. opposition

16. NATIONAL PARTIESNATIONAL PARTIES
Party Seats in National
Assembly
African National Congress264
Democratic Alliance 67
Congress of the People30
Inkatha Freedom Party18
Map: Wikipedia

17. PARTY ELEMENTS AND PARTY ELEMENTS AND
FUNCTIONSFUNCTIONS
•Constitution
•Internal structure and communications
–Branches
–Subgroups
•Leadership selection
•Platform/policy development
•Membership
•Funding

18. CONSTITUTIONCONSTITUTION
Party Constitution
Defines philosophy,
values, principles
purpose
Defines internal
organization and
structure
Outlines internal
decision-making
process
Membership eligibility
Leadership positions
and selection process
Roles and
relationship among
different units

19. EXERCISE: EXPLORING EXERCISE: EXPLORING
CONSTITUTIONSCONSTITUTIONS
•Political philosophy/values
•Internal organization/structure
•Decision-making process
•Membership
•Leadership positions and selection

20. PARTY STRUCTUREPARTY STRUCTURE

21. PARTY BRANCHESPARTY BRANCHES
Branch Leaders
and Members
Have defined roles
and responsibilities
Understand the
party’s mission, goals
and strategies
Report information to
leadership
Engage leaders in
exchange of ideas and
decision-making
Party’s position on issues
Advice on how to discuss
difficult/controversial issues
Info about political
events/developments

22. PARTY SUBGROUPSPARTY SUBGROUPS

23. LEADERSHIP SELECTIONLEADERSHIP SELECTION
•Indirect or direct elections
•Party conventions
•Term limits
•Representation of women, youth, etc.
Photo: NDI

24. POLICY DEVELOPMENTPOLICY DEVELOPMENT
Policy developed/informed by:
•Party research staff
•Ad hoc group of experts and party
members
•Consultations and/or public forums

25. MEMBERSHIPMEMBERSHIP
Member rights
•Elect the party leadership
•Participate in candidate selection
•Access party-only forums
•Receive special information
Photo: NDI

26. MEMBERSHIPMEMBERSHIP
Member responsibilities
•Contribute to and know policies and
platform
•Understand constitution and organization
•Ensure party reflects their interests
•Hold leaders accountable

27. PARTY FUNDINGPARTY FUNDING
•Private
–Membership fees
–Donations from members,
organizations and businesses
–Revenue generating projects/events
•Public
–Direct
–Indirect
Photo: www.pixabay.com

28. EXERCISE: ORGANIZATIONAL EXERCISE: ORGANIZATIONAL
SUCCESS FACTORSSUCCESS FACTORS
•Characteristics of an effective party
•Why are they important?
•What are the consequences if they are
lacking?
Photo: Amy Hamelin, NDI

29. ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS
FACTORSFACTORS
•Transparent decision-making procedures
•Understood roles and responsibilities
•Clear and frequent communication

30. INTERNAL PARTY DEMOCRACYINTERNAL PARTY DEMOCRACY
•Abiding by rules of procedure
•Holding leaders accountable
•Seeking views of members
•Encouraging participation of all
•Representing all of society

31. EXERCISE: PARTY TRIANGLE EXERCISE: PARTY TRIANGLE

32. WHY WOMEN?WHY WOMEN?
•Higher standards of living
•Concerns of marginalized voters
represented
•Collaborative leadership styles
•Work across party lines
•Peace building
•Better decisions

33. WHY DO PARTIES NEED WHY DO PARTIES NEED
WOMEN?WOMEN?
•To gain party supporters and mobilize
resources
•To help develop a platform that
includes interests of all voters
•To win elections!
Photo: Amy Hamelin, NDI

34. WOMEN’S PARTICIPATIONWOMEN’S PARTICIPATION
PartyPartyWomen LeadersWomen Leaders % of % of
MembersMembers
MQMMQM Rabta CommitteeRabta Committee
1. Dr. Nasreen Jalil1. Dr. Nasreen Jalil
2. Ms. Mumtaz Anwar2. Ms. Mumtaz Anwar
18%18%
PML PML Central CabinetCentral Cabinet
1. Dr. Hamida Khorho, Senior Vice-President1. Dr. Hamida Khorho, Senior Vice-President
2. Mrs. Yaqut Jamil-ur-Rehman, Vice-President2. Mrs. Yaqut Jamil-ur-Rehman, Vice-President
3. Begum Mehnaz Rafi, Vice-President3. Begum Mehnaz Rafi, Vice-President
4. Ms. Nilofer Bakhtiar, President, Women’s Wing4. Ms. Nilofer Bakhtiar, President, Women’s Wing
14%14%
PML-NPML-N Central CabinetCentral Cabinet
1. Begum Tehmina Daultana, Vice-President1. Begum Tehmina Daultana, Vice-President
2. Begum Ishrat Ashraf2. Begum Ishrat Ashraf
3. Ms. Najma Hameed3. Ms. Najma Hameed
4%4%
PPPPPP Central Executive CommitteeCentral Executive Committee
1. Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto, Chairperson 1. Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto, Chairperson
2. Begum Nusrat Bhutto Rahbar2. Begum Nusrat Bhutto Rahbar
5%5%

35. WOMEN’S WING STRUCTUREWOMEN’S WING STRUCTURE
•National, regional, local branches
•Linkage to “mother party”
•Representation on decision-making
bodies
•Funding and resources
•Risk: can marginalize women

36. EXERCISE: WHAT CAN A EXERCISE: WHAT CAN A
WOMEN’S WING DO?WOMEN’S WING DO?
Photo: NDI

37. WOMEN’S WINGSWOMEN’S WINGS
•Build awareness of gender frameworks
•Draft gender equality policies and lobby
for and monitor their implementation
•Network with women from other parties
•Identify and engage male allies
•Train women
•Encourage and fund women candidates
•Lobby leaders on women’s issues

38. WOMEN’S PARTIESWOMEN’S PARTIES
•Formed in many countries
•Success has been limited
•Prompted discussions on women's rights
and political participation
Photo: Katie Croake, NDI

39. INTRODUCTION TO PARTIES INTRODUCTION TO PARTIES
REVIEWREVIEW
Effective parties are cornerstone of
democracy and
•represent social interests and provide
policy choices
•vary but have common structures
•are transparent, democratic and
communicative
•promote the participation of women