Introduction TO PSYCHITARIC AND NORAM MIND.pptx

BPH NOTES

1. Mental health in public health 1

2. Mental Health Definition of mental health Concept of normalcy, normal mind and characteristics of abnormality Prevailing misconception about occurrence and treatment of mental illness Description of measurable indicators of positive well being, good psychological adjustment Personality development including behavioral, psychodynamic, cognitive, moral and other schools of personality. 2

3. Mental health is defined as a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to her or his community. WHO 3

4. Mental Health is a worldwide problem 4

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6. Mentally healthy is Able to work well alone and with others. Accepts responsibility for his actions. Able to give and receive. Is optimistic. ( hopeful and confident about the future.) Able to express feelings. Able to solve problems. Able to work well alone and with others. 6

7. Mentally healthy is Can recognize limitations (abilities and deficiencies). Able to form meaning full relationships. Able to make sound judgments and decisions. Can take care of his hygiene and clothes in a manner, which conforms to the standards of his society. Able to cope success fully with stress, Able to distinguish fact from fantasy or the real world from a dream 7

8. Concept of normalcy The state of being usual, expected or conforming to a standard. Normalcy is the state of being normal. Behavior can be normal for an individual when it is consistent. Normal is also used to describe individual behavior that conforms to the most common behavior in society. 8

9. In psychology, normalcy often denotes behavior, thoughts, or emotions that are considered expected within a given population or society. It also encompasses functioning that is adaptive, healthy and conducive to well-being within a specific context . 9

10. Normal mind 10 A "normal mind" generally refers to mental functioning ( behavior, thoughts, or emotions ) that is typical, healthy, and conducive to everyday functioning within a given society.

11. Normal mind 11 Characteristics of a normal mind: Emotional stability : experiencing a range of emotions appropriate to the situation without excessive distress. Effective coping mechanisms : ability to handle stress and challenges in a constructive manner.

12. Normal mind 12 Characteristics of a normal mind: Rational thinking : ability to think logically, make sound decisions, and understand reality accurately. Healthy relationships : forming and maintaining positive, fulfilling relationships with others.

13. Normal mind 13 Characteristics of a normal mind : Functional daily living : being able to carry out activities of daily living (e.g., work, socializing, self-care) without significant impairment. Adaptability : ability to adjust to changes and navigate various life circumstances successfully.

14. PERCEPTION OF REALITY This includes perception of the environment without distortion as well as capacity for empathy.

15.   Other characteristics include: He has a sense of responsibility. He can give and accept love. He lives in the world of reality rather than fantasy. He shows emotional maturity in his behaviour and develops a capacity to tolerate frustration and disappointment in daily life.

16. Abnormality Abnormality refers to behaviors, thoughts, or emotions that deviate from the norm or are maladaptive in nature.

17. ABNORMALITY Psychosis refers to an abnormal condition of the mind described as involving a "loss of contact with reality". People experiencing psychosis may exhibit Behavioural changes and thought disorder. Depending on its severity, this may be accompanied by unusual behavior, as well as difficulty with social interaction and impairment in carrying out daily life activities. 17

18. Characteristics of abnormality include: Distress or dysfunction : Behavior or experiences that cause significant distress to oneself or others, or impair one's ability to function effectively in daily life. Deviance : Behavior that significantly deviates from social or cultural norms. Impairment : Interference with personal well-being, relationships, work, or other important areas of functioning. 18

19. Characteristics of abnormality include: Unpredictability : Behavior that is inconsistent, unpredictable, or difficult to control. Discomfort or impairment in social interactions : Difficulty forming or maintaining relationships due to social awkwardness, anxiety, or other factors. Cognitive distortions : Distorted or irrational thinking patterns that lead to maladaptive behavior . 19

20. 'Features of Abnormality' 20 1 . S uffering 2. Maladaptive  behavior 3. loss of control 4. Emotional disturbance 5. Violation of moral standards

21. Prevailing misconception about occurrence and treatment of mental illness Mental illness cannot be cured. It is wrong that mental illness are incurable , most of them are curable.

22. Prevailing misconception about occurrence and treatment of mental illness Mental illness are caused by Gods as punishment for the sin or by ghost, black magic, witchcrafts etc. It is wrong because mental illness is cause by multifactorial causation such as stress, biochemical changes, stressful life events etc.

23. Prevailing misconception about occurrence and treatment of mental illness Mental illness is contagious. It is not spread by touching.

24. Mental illness is herediatary.Herediatry is not the whole etiological factor of mental illness. It has multifactorial causation factor. Mental illness patient are violent and dangerous.

25. Dhami and jhankri can cure mental illness.

26. Mentally ill person cannot do creative work. Mentally ill person cannot take any responsibility throughout his/her lifespan. All mental illness are of same nature.

27. When people are mentally ill, they can’t hold down a job or take care of themselves and their families properly. “Mentally ill” are just making excuses for their weakness or failure.

28. Young people and children don't suffer from mental health problems. "People who need psychiatric care should be locked away in institutions.“ It is impossible to prevent mental illnesses. 28

29. BODY MIND REALTIONSHIP Body The  whole   physical   structure  that  forms  a  person . The body is composed of head, neck, trunk , limbs and extremities and organ system like sensory, respiratory, circulatory, digestive etc.

30. BODY MIND REALTIONSHIP The  mind is which thinks, imagine, remember and senses. The mind is also associated with experiencing perception , pleasure, pain and emotion. It is sum total of various mental processing like thinking, reasoning, analyzing and learning.

31. BODY MIND REALTIONSHIP Mind usually involves these function Cognitive :Thinking, orientation, attention, concentration, judgement, memory etc. Affective: feelings/emotions

32. BODY MIND RELATIONSHIP “A healthy mind exists in a healthy body and vice versa. It happens so because body and mind are tied in an intimate bond. They interact with each other.

33. BODY ACTING OR AFFECTING MIND: When we are feeling fresh, we can pay attention and concentrate on an intellectual task in an effective way compared to our bodily state when we are tired and fatigued. Malfunctioning of digestive system such as the problem of constipation, stomachache may interfere with the mental functioning.

34. BODY ACTING OR AFFECTING MIND: Increase in blood pressure may lead to mental excitement whereas its decrease may cause to feel depressed and under activity. Malfunction of sensory organ may lead to poor perception and learning. Disturbance of endocrine hormone affect mental functioning. Hypothyroidism-cause lethargy Hyperthyroidism- cause excitement.

35. MIND ACTING OR AFFECTING BODY The negative or unpleasant emotions and feelings like anger, fear and anxiety may bring mal functioning in the body resulting to headaches, irritability, indigestion, insomnia etc. Negative thinking and emotional stress may cause bodily problems and disorders like peptic ulcer , heart disease as well as hypertension.

36. MIND ACTING OR AFFECTING BODY Over activity on the part of the mind in terms of thinking, stress and other types of mental work may cause excessive fatigue and tiredness to the body. Negative emotion like fear, anger, jealousy produce illness. They make us depressed.

37. Description of measurable indicators of positive well-being, good psychological adjustment 37

38. Concept of well being Well-being is the experience of health,  happiness , and prosperity (success). It includes having good mental health, high life satisfaction, a sense of meaning or purpose, 38

39. Description of measurable indicators of positive well-being 6 aspects of well being Positive relationship with others Holding positive attitude towards self Autonomy Able to choose and direct one’s own behaviour Environmental mastery Personal Growth 39

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41. Measurable Indicator of wellbeing W ell-being is a multifactorial concept. T here are several measurable indicators commonly used to evaluate it Measuring positive well-being involves assessing various aspects of an individual's life :happiness, satisfaction, and fulfillment. 41

42. Indicator of wellbeing Life Satisfaction: This is typically measured using self-reported questionnaires, such as the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) individuals rate their overall satisfaction with life. 42

43. 2. Physical Health: Good physical health is closely linked to well-being. Indicators such as self-reported health status questionnaire, absence of chronic illnesses and functional abilities can be used. 3. Mental Health: Positive well-being is associated with good mental health. Indicators include low levels of stress, anxiety, depression and emotional stability. 43

44. 4. Social Connections: Strong social relationships contribute significantly to well-being. Measurable indicators include the size and quality of social networks, satisfaction with social support and frequency of social interactions. 44

45. 5. S ense of Purpose: Feeling a sense of purpose or meaning in life is essential for well-being. 6. Financial Security: Indicators include income level, financial debt and perceived financial security. 45

46. 7.Work Satisfaction: Since many people spend a significant portion of their lives working, job satisfaction is crucial for overall well-being. Measures include satisfaction with work-life balance, job autonomy and fulfillment from work. 8.Leisure and Recreation: Engaging in enjoyable and meaningful leisure activities contributes to well-being. Measurable indicators include the frequency and satisfaction with leisure activities such as hobbies, sports, and cultural events. 46

47. 9. Quality of Environment: Physical surroundings can impact well-being. Indicators include access to green spaces, safety, pollution levels and overall environmental quality. 10. Spirituality and Religion: For some individuals, spirituality or religious beliefs play a significant role in well-being. Indicators include engagement in spiritual practices and religious involvement. 47