introduction to radiology for a medical student.pptx

A brief introduction into the department of Radiology. The PPT gives an insight to the medical student.

1. INTRODUCTION TO RADIOLOGY Dr. Wangju Sumnyan MD Professor & HOD, Department of Radiology & Imaging TRIHMS

2. Radiographic modality       Plain radiographs Ultrasonography Computer tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Fluoroscopy Mammography Nuclear Medicine

3. Plain radiography �

4. Imag e production x -ra y s o urce s o urce - s ubject distance s ubject - detector distance detector Ba sic arrangement for x - ra y imaging

5. Th e 5 X-ra y densities

6. Contrast agents D Barium sulfate Water-soluble contrast Negative contrast D D

7. Bariu m sulfate D D D White crystalline powder High specific gravity D Inert, not support bacterial growth □ Radiodensity Coat GI mucosa

8. Advers e effec t of bariu m sulfate D Inflammation of the abdominal cavity or mediastinum Mediastinitis Peritonitis Do not use in case of suspected leakage within thorax or abdomen

9. Water-soluble contrast agents � D Iodine compound D Do not coat the GI mucosa □ Use in case of suspected leakage or post operative evaluation D High cost D Adverse effect D cause pneumonia or pulmonary edema if aspirate into lung

10. Esophagography D D D D Contrast-enhanced fluoroscopy of the esophagus Ingestion of the contrast while performing radiographic study Can detect intraluminal/transmural esophageal lesion Interesting in anatomy and function □ Indication: Evaluation of the esophageal obstruction and function

11. Double-contrast esophagography Contrast Air

12. Upper GI study/GI follow through .· - - . '

13. Are a of interest □ Upper GI study - Esophagus H ypopharynx/larynx Stomach Duodenal bulb and duodenal loop □ GI follow through Esophagus Hypopharynx/larynx Stomach Duodenal bulb and duodenal loop Small bowel loops Ceacum

14. Anatomy on upper GI study

15. GI follow through

16. BARIUM ENEMA

17. BE machine

18. Intravenous pyelography (IVP)       Good modality to evaluate urinary system Can evaluate  a natomical and functional abnormality Indications:  Urinary tract obstruction, Urinary leak   from trauma or post operation, urothelial tumor

19. Principle of ]VP Figur e 1

20. Procedure of IVP 10 minute s after contras t a dm inistr a tio n evaluate   pelvocaliceal system and ureter 25-30 minute s after contras t administratio n   evaluate   lower part of ureter and urinary bladder Ful l bl a d de r -  evaluat e urinary bladder Pos t voidin g- assess  residual urine

21. Retrograde pyelography ureters extending to pelvocaliceal system □ Use to evaluate collecting system of the patient who has poor renal function [] Retrograde injection of the contrast material into □ Quality of the imaging can be controlled by concentration of the contrast material and rate of injection

22. m Righ t k i dney Le � kidney - - - Ureter Ureteroscope

23. Left retrograde pyelography

24. Cystograph y /voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) � D Voiding cystourethrography take pictures while   voiding [ Indication for VCUG      To rule out vesicoureteral reflux   (VUR) ; use in urinary tract infection of the children,   evaluation of the urethra

25. I Norma l anatom y on VCU G I

26. I Imaging of VCUG I

27. I Abnormal VCUG I

28. Hyterosalpingography [] Examination of the lumen of uterus and fallopian tubes D Injection of the contrast material into uterine cavity, . . via cervix Use in infertility ( primary , secondary), spontaneous   abortion, preoperative evaluation to tubal anastomosis D

29. Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) HSG procedure Normal HSG

30. Normal anatomy on hysterosalpingography

31. Compute r tomography D Tomos = slices Use X-ray beam to scan the body and collect data digitally D D Image production an d reconstruction from th e data

32. M R study D Disadvantage More expensive than CT scans Longer study time MRI scanning is not safe for patients with some metal   implants and foreign bodies

33. I M R sequence s I

34. ALARA principle

35. THANK YOU