Introduction to Schizophrenia

This lecture is presented by our volunteer Talha Saleem, he is from Karachi Pakistan, and he is covering Schizophrenia topic.
For video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CyL9KlCHRPs&feature=youtu.be

1. Schizophrenia Presented by: Talha Saleem

2. STATSTICS 970 million people worldwide have a mental health or substance abuse disorder. Schizophrenia affects approximately 24 million people or 1 in 300 people (0.32%) worldwide. This rate is 1 in 222 people (0.45%) among adults.

3. SCHIZOPHRENIA Chronic Mental Health Disorder expresses emotions perceives reality person thinks, acts Psychosis

4. Schizophrenia causes psychosis and is associated with considerable disability and may affect all areas of life Stigma, discrimination, and violation of human rights A t least one in three people with schizophrenia will be able to fully recover.

5. Morphology larger left caudate volumes smaller right and left prefrontal volumes smaller right and left amygdala complex volumes smaller right and left hippocampal complex volumes

6. What Are the Early Symptoms of Schizophrenia? The first signs in men in their late teens or early 20s. It mostly affects women in their early 20s and 30s 01 The period when symptoms first start and before full psychosis is called the prodromal period. 02 You might only notice subtle behavioral changes, especially in teens 03

7. SYMPTOMS IN ADULTS persistent delusions persistent hallucinations disorganized thinking experiences of influence, control or passivity highly disorganized behavior negative symptoms extreme agitation or slowing of movements, maintenance of unusual postures

8. SYMPTOMS IN TEENAGERS Withdrawal from friends and family 01 A drop in performance at school 02 Trouble sleeping 03 Irritability or depressed mood 04 Lack of motivation 05 Less likely to have delusions More likely to have visual hallucinations 06 Also, recreational substance use, such as marijuana, methamphetamines or LSD, can sometimes cause similar signs and symptoms

9. RISK FACTORS RISK FACTORS Your Text Here family history of the disorder a father who is older in age Your Text Here drug abuse during adolescence and early adulthood autoimmune system abnormalities

10. 1 2 3 4 Genetics (heredity) Brain chemistry and circuits Brain abnormality Environment CAUSES

11. GENETIC DEFECT In most cases, multiple genetic changes G enetic changes are related to schizophrenia are not well understood Deletions and Duplications  small deletion (microdeletion) in a region of chromosome 22 called 22q11 O ther features in addition to schizophrenia  22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

12. When to see a doctor? Helping someone who may have schizophrenia lack awareness Suicidal thoughts and behavior

13. Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech Disorganized or catatonic behavior Negative symptoms DIAGNOSIS Delusions Hallucinations Disorganized speech One of the symptoms has to be A person is diagnosed with schizophrenia if they have at least two of these symptoms for at least 6 months:

14. Narcissistic Personality Disorder Medications The primary medications used to treat schizophrenia are called antipsychotics Coordinated specialty care (CSC) It combines medicine and therapy with social services, employment, and educational interventions Psychosocial therapy Rehabilitation, Cognitive remediation, Individual psychotherapy, Family therapy, Group therapy/support groups Hospitalization May be treated as outpatients Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) Electrodes are attached to the person's scalp Research Deep brain stimulation TREATMENT

15. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/495963#:~:text=Schizophrenic%20patients%2C%20compared%20with%20healthy,amygdala%20and%20the%20left%20hippocampus . https:// www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia https://www.psycom.net/schizophrenia-signs-causes#:~:text=Risk%20factors%20for%20schizophrenia%20include,birth%20are%20linked%20to%20schizophrenia . https:// www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/mental-health-schizophrenia https:// www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/schizophrenia/what-is-schizophrenia https://www.singlecare.com/blog/news/mental-health-statistics/ https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/schizophrenia#:~:text=Schizophrenia%20affects%20approximately%2024%20million,as%20many%20other%20mental%20disorders. REFERENCES

16. ANY QUESTION?