Introduction to shock for allied health science students.ppt

Introduction to shock for allied health science students

1. General medicine Shock

2. Objectives Define shock. Identify different types of shock. First aid to a patient/person in shock

3. Definition Complete cardiovascular collapse. A state of profound hemodynamic and metabolic disturbances. Failure to maintain adequate blood supply in the microcirculation. Causing generalized hypo-perfusion of the organs.

4. Types Cardiogenic shock. Hypovolemic shock. Septic shock. Anaphylactic shock

5. Cardiogenic shock Low cardiac output: Myocardial damage, MI. Arrhythmia . Compression , ventricular rapture. Outflow obstruction, pulmonary embolism.

6. Hypovolemic shock. Low cardiac output: Hemorrhage . Extensive burns. Severe vomiting. Diarrhea

7. Septic shock. High mortality rate. Overwhelming infection. Bacteria . Fungus .

8. Clinical stages of shock. Non-progressive: (compensatory mechanisms). Progressive: (acidosis, early organ failure). Irreversible .

9. First Aid (shock Call 911 for immediate medical help. Check the person’s airway, breathing and circulation. If necessary , begin to rescue breathing. Even if the person is able to breathe on their own, continue to check rate of breathing at least every 5 minutes until help arrives

10. Cont’d shock. If the person is conscious and DOES NOT have an injury to the head, leg, neck or spine, place the person in the shock position. Lay the person on the back and elevate the legs 12 inches (30 centimeters). DO NOT elevate the head. If raising the legs will cause the pain or potential harm, leave the person lying flat. Give appropriate first aid for any wounds, injuries or illnesses.

11. Cont’d shock. Keep the person warm and comfortable. Loosen tight clothing. If the person vomits or drools: Turn the head to one side to prevent chocking. Do this as long as you do not suspect an injury to the spine. If spinal injury is suspected, “log roll” the person instead. To do this, keep the person’s head, neck and back in line, and roll the body and head as a unit.

12. DO NOT: Do not give the person anything by mouth, including anything to eat or drink. Do not move the person with a known or suspected spinal injury. Do not wait for milder shock symptoms to worsen before calling for emergency medical help

13. Further reading New ATLS protocol USMLE F irst Aid manual