Introduction-to-Symbol-Tables in compiler design.pptx

Introduction to symbol table

1. NADAR SARASWATHI COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCE By M.Sathia Bama I M.Sc(CS)

2. Introduction to Symbol Tables Symbol tables are fundamental data structures in computer science, used to store and retrieve information efficiently. They are essential for tasks like compiling programs, interpreting code, and managing data in various applications.

3. Importance of Symbol Tables in Computer Science 1 Efficient Lookup Symbol tables enable quick and efficient searching for data, allowing programs to access information rapidly. 2 Code Optimization By efficiently associating symbols with their corresponding values, symbol tables optimize program execution speed. 3 Memory Management Symbol tables play a crucial role in managing memory by providing a mechanism to track variables and their allocated memory locations. 4 Language Processing Symbol tables are vital for parsing and interpreting programming languages, ensuring that code is understood and executed correctly.

4. Hash Tables: A Common Implementation of Symbol Tables Hash Function A hash function maps keys to indices within a hash table, allowing for fast access to elements. Hash Table Structure A hash table consists of an array of buckets, each potentially holding multiple elements. Collision Resolution When multiple keys map to the same index, collision handling techniques ensure efficient storage and retrieval.

5. Collision Handling Techniques in Hash Tables Separate Chaining Each bucket stores a linked list, enabling multiple elements to be stored at the same index. Open Addressing If a bucket is occupied, alternative locations are explored until an empty slot is found, ensuring data is stored despite collisions. Linear Probing A specific algorithm is used to explore adjacent slots in the hash table, allowing for efficient data retrieval in the event of collisions. Quadratic Probing The search for an empty slot involves exploring slots at increasing distances from the original index, offering flexibility in handling collisions.

6. Binary Search Trees as Symbol Tables Insertion New keys are inserted into the tree based on their order, maintaining the binary search tree property. Lookup Searching for a key involves navigating the tree, comparing the target key with each node until a match is found. Deletion Deleting a key involves finding the node and rearranging the tree to maintain the binary search tree property.

7. Trie Data Structure for Symbol Tables Efficient Prefix Search Tries enable searching for keys with a common prefix, ideal for tasks like autocompletion. Space Optimization Tries can be space-efficient for storing data with shared prefixes, reducing redundancy. Dynamic Insertion New keys can be added to the trie dynamically, allowing for the structure to grow and adapt.

8. Symbol Table Operations: Insertion, Lookup, and Deletion 1 Insertion Adding a new key-value pair to the symbol table, ensuring it is stored efficiently and can be retrieved later. 2 Lookup Retrieving the value associated with a given key, leveraging the data structure's efficient search capabilities. 3 Deletion Removing a key-value pair from the symbol table, maintaining the integrity and consistency of the data structure.

9. Conclusion and Applications of Symbol Tables Database Management Symbol tables are used in database systems to manage and retrieve data efficiently. Network Security Symbol tables are used in network security systems to track connections and identify suspicious activity. Artificial Intelligence Symbol tables play a crucial role in artificial intelligence systems, enabling efficient data representation and manipulation. Compiler Design Symbol tables are essential for compilers, storing information about variables and functions during code compilation.

10. Representing Scope Information Scope management is a critical aspect of any project. It ensures that the project delivers the intended outcomes and avoids unnecessary work or scope creep. In this presentation, we'll explore key concepts and processes involved in effective scope management.

11. What is Scope? Project Boundaries Scope defines the limits of a project. It determines what tasks are included and what's excluded, setting clear expectations. Deliverables & Outcomes Scope outlines the specific deliverables and outcomes that the project aims to achieve. It defines what needs to be delivered and how success will be measured. Project Constraints Scope considers project constraints like time, resources, budget, and quality standards. These constraints influence project planning and execution.

12. Importance of Scope Management 1 Clear Expectations It establishes clear expectations for all stakeholders, ensuring everyone understands the project's goals and boundaries. 2 Cost & Time Control By defining the scope upfront, it helps control project costs and timelines, preventing unnecessary work and delays. 3 Improved Quality Focusing on the defined scope allows for better resource allocation and a higher likelihood of achieving the desired project quality. 4 Reduced Risk It minimizes the risk of scope creep and uncontrolled changes, which can jeopardize project success.

13. Scope Definition 1 Requirements Gathering Collecting and documenting all necessary requirements, including user needs, business goals, and technical specifications. 2 Scope Document Creation Developing a comprehensive scope document that clearly outlines project deliverables, boundaries, and acceptance criteria. 3 Stakeholder Approval Obtaining formal approval from key stakeholders, ensuring alignment and buy-in for the defined scope.

14. Scope Planning Work Breakdown Structure Breaking down the project into smaller, manageable tasks, creating a detailed hierarchy of work elements. Task Dependencies Identifying the relationships between tasks, understanding which tasks must be completed before others can begin. Resource Allocation Assigning resources, including personnel, time, and materials, to each task, ensuring adequate support for project execution.

15. Scope Change Management Change Request Form A standardized form that captures all necessary information about the proposed change, including the reason, impact, and proposed solution. Change Control Board A group of stakeholders responsible for evaluating, approving, or rejecting change requests, ensuring that changes align with project goals. Impact Assessment Analyzing the potential impact of the proposed change on project timelines, budget, resources, and quality. Change Implementation Implementing approved changes in a controlled manner, updating project plans, and communicating the change to all stakeholders.

16. THANK YOU