INTRODUCTION TO THE FORENSIC SCIENCE.ppt

Forensic medicine is the application of science to criminal and civil laws that are enforced by police agencies in a criminal justice system.

1. FORENSIC
SCIENCE
FORENSIC SCIENCE
Mrs.B.Kavitha M.Sc (N),
Professor
HOD-Department of Psychiatry,
Aswini College of Nursing, Thrissur

2. SYLLABUS-3 HRS
FORENSIC SCIENCE
DEFINITION
HISTORY
IMPORTANCE
FORENSIC SCIENCE LABORATORY
VIOLENCE
DEFINITION
EPIDEOMIOLOGY
SOURCE OF DATA
SEXUAL ABUSE-WOMEN AND CHILD

3. WHAT IS THIS ?

4. TRUTH

5. WHAT IS
FORENSICSCIENCE
Forensic’ –Latin
forensic –“of a
forum, place of
assembly”
MEETING PLACE =
FORUM

6. FORENSIC SCIENCE.
•Theapplicationofsciencetothosecriminal
andcivillawsthatareenforcedbypolice
agenciesinacriminaljusticesystem.
•Anappliedscience;multidisciplinaryand
multidimensionalinnature.
•Forensicscienceessentiallydealswiththe
laboratoryexaminationofdifferenttypesof
physicalevidence,encounteredatthescene
ofcrime.

7. FORENSIC SCIENCE
APPLIES
Chemistry
Biology
Physics
Geology
Places physical evidence into a professional
discipline.
to civil and criminal law}

8. THE DEVELOPMENT
OF
FORENSIC SCIENCE

9. SIR ARTHUR CONAN
DOYLE
Popularized physical detection
methods in a crime scene
Developed the character Sherlock
Holmes
1887publishedfirstnovel,AStudyinScarlet
"I'vefoundit!I'vefoundit,"heshoutedtomycompanion,runningtowardsuswith
atest-tubeinhishand."Ihavefoundare-agentwhichisprecipitatedby
haemoglobin,andbynothingelse....Why,man,itisthemostpracticalmedico-
legaldiscoveryforyears.Don'tyouseethatitgivesusaninfallibletestforblood
stains?....Theoldguaiacumtestwasveryclumsyanduncertain.Soisthe
microscopicexaminationforbloodcorpuscles.Thelatterisvaluelessifthestains
areafewhoursold.Now,thisappearstoactaswellwhetherthebloodisoldor
new.Hadthistestbeeninvented,therearehundredsofmennowwalkingthe
earthwhowouldlongagohavepaidthepenaltyoftheircrimes....Criminal
casesarecontinuallyhinginguponthatonepoint.Amanissuspectedofacrime
monthsperhapsafterithasbeencommitted.Hislinenorclothesareexamined
andbrownishstainsdiscovereduponthem.Aretheybloodstains,ormudstains,
orruststains,orfruitstains,orwhatarethey?Thatisaquestionwhichhas
puzzledmanyanexpert,andwhy?Becausetherewasnoreliabletest.Nowwe
havetheSherlockHolmes'stest,andtherewillnolongerbeanydifficulty."

10. MATHIEU ORFILA(1787 –1853)
Father of Forensic Toxicology
1814 -Treatise on detection of
poisons & their effects on animals.
FRANCIS GALTON (1822 –1911)
Conductedthefirstdefinitive studyof
fingerprintsand theirclassification.
1892 –Treatise entitled Finger Prints

11. ALPHONSE BERTILLON (1853 –
1914)
Father ofCriminal
Detection
Devised the first
scientificsystem of
personalidentification,
using body
measurements known
asanthropometry in
1879.

12. LEONE LATTES (1887 –1954)
Devised a simple
procedure for
determining the blood
type (A,B,O,AB) of a
dried bloodstain
CALVIN GODDARD (1891 –1955)
Used a comparison microscope to
determine if a bullet was fired from
a specific gun
Published study of “tool marks”
on bullets

13. ALBERT S. OSBORN (1858 –
1946)
Developedfundamentalprinciplesof
documentexamination
1910–TreatiseQuestionedDocuments
Wasresponsiblefortheacceptanceof
documentsasscientificevidencebythecourts

14. EDMOND LOCARD(1877 –
1966)
Demonstratedhowtheprinciplesdevelopedby
HansGrosscouldbeincorporatedintoaworkable
crimelab.
Locard'sexchangeprinciplestatesthatonce
contactismadebetweentwosurfacesatransfer
ofmaterial(s)willoccur.

16. SCOPE OF FORENSIC
SCIENCE

18. Principles
of
Forensic
Science
Principle
of
exchange
Principle
of
probability
Law of
circumstantial
fact
Principle
of analysis
Principle
of
comparison
law of
progressive
change
Law of
individuality

19. FORENSIC
SCIENCE
LABORATORY

20. Sincethe1960'sthenumberofcrimelabs
increasedduetothecourtsdemandingsecure
scientificallyevaluatedevidence.
Morecrime
Moredrugrelatedcrime
Greaterneedforphysicalevidence
UseofDNAprofiling(1990’s)

21. FORENSIC SCIENCE
LABORATORY
TheForensicScienceLaboratory(FSL)
isadivisionwithintheDFS.TheDFS’
FSLcollects,examines,analyzes,and
reportsonphysicalevidencesubmitted
incriminalcasesaswellasprovides
surveillancetestingtoidentifyemerging
drugtrends.

22. FUNCTION OF FORENSIC
SCIENCE LABORATORIES
Themainfunctionofforensicscience
laboratoriesis
Toprovideanunbiasedscientificopinionon
thedifferenttypesofevidentialmaterial
referredtothembytheinvestigatingagencies
Examine,compare&evaluatephysical
evidence
Protectionofinnocent
Trainingofpoliceinvestigators

23. ROLE OF FSLS
The role of the forensic science laboratories can
be classified under the following
Producing the evidence in a legally admissible
form
Scientific examination and analysis of clue
materials
Evaluating the results of scientific analysis and
interpreting them
Effective use of forensic findings in the
prosecution

24. Helping the Ios and police in the following
manner:
Recognition of evidence material at the scene
of the crime
Collection and preservation of the clue
material so recognized
Analysis, examination, and testifying of the
forensic findings
Interpretation of the forensic clues

25. Category of FSL
Central
FSL
•Kolkata
•Chandigarh
•Hyderabad
•New Delhi
•Guwahati
•Bhopal
•Pune
State FSL
31 SFSL
Mini and
Local
FSL
45
REGIONAL
FSL

26. DIVISION OF FSL
STANDARD
•Physics
Division
•Biology
Division
•Ballistics
Division
•Documents
Division
•Photo DivisionOPTIONAL/ADVA
NCED
•Chemistry Division
•Toxicology Division
•Serology Division
•Narcotics Division
•Arson & Explosives Division
•Forensic Psychology
Division/ Polygraph Division
•Computer Forensics Division
•DNA analysis division
•Cyber forensics
•Narcoanalysis division
•Voiceprint analysis division
•DNA Finger Printing Division

27. BIOLOGICAL
DIVISION
Identificationofblood,menstrualblood,semen,
saliva,sweat,urine,vomit,fecalmatter,nasal
discharge,etc.,andtheirstains.
Identification,origin,andcomparisonofhair.
Determinationoforigin,sex,age,height&
identity,etc.fromskeletalremains,including
teeth
Anthropometriccomparisonofahumanskull
withaphotograph

28. PHYSICAL
DIVISION
Examinationandcomparisonofpaints,glass,
andmetal,includingmedals,coins,clothes,
paper,leatherandtelegraphicwiresetc.
X-rayradiographicexaminationofpackets,
boxes,letterbombs&othersecretcontrabands
aswellascurrencynotes,lotterytickets,etc.
Determinationofcauseoffireanddirectionof
forceonglass,door,windowpanesetc&
Reconstructionofsceneofcrime.

29. BALLISTICS
DIVISION
Identification&comparisonofbullets,cartridges,
cartridgecases,etc.recoveredfromthesceneof
crimeorthebodyofthevictim.
Estimationoftherange,direction,andangleof
firing.
Analysisofliveexplosivesoftracesofexplosive
residuesinpost-explosiondebristodeterminethe
typeofexplosiveinvolved.

30. CHEMISTRY
DIVISION
Identificationofpoisonsinbiologicalmaterials
(viscera,blood,urine,stomachwash,vomit,etc).
Qualitativeanalysisofnarcoticsandpsychotropic
substancesinaccordancewiththeNDPSAct,1985.
Analysisofpetroleumproductsandother
inflammablesubstancesinarsoncases,including
dowrydeaths.

31. FINGERPRINT
DIVISION
Comparisonoffingerprintsondocumentsto
establishtheiridentity.
Takingoften-digitfingerprintsoflivingpersons.
Comparisonandidentificationoffoot
prints/footwearprints.

32. LIE-DETECTION
DIVISION
Theliedetectiontechniqueisbasedontheprincipleof
psychosomaticinteractionsofanindividual,i.e.a
changeinaperson’sconsciouslyheldfeelings
producesapsychologicaldefensereactionintheform
ofphysiologicalchangesinhisbloodpressure,pulse
rate,respiration,andelectrodermalresponse.
.

33. DOCUMENT
DIVISION
•Examinationoftypewritingandidentificationof
typewriter&Typist.
•Examination/comparisonanddeciphermentof
rubbersealimpressionsandforgeriesinsignatures.
•Examinationofhandwritingonunusualsurfacesat
crimescene,likewall,tree,woodlog,mirror,lifts,
curtains,weapons,deadbodyetc.

34. PHOTO
DIVISION
Photographyandvideographyofsceneofcrime
andcrime-relatedexhibits/objects.
General&specialphotographyinvolving
ultraviolet,infra-redandvisibleradiationsofall
crimeexhibits.
Obliquelight,transmittedlight/sidelight
photographytodecipherindentedwritings/marks.

35. DNA
EVIDENCE
ExaminationandanalysisofDNAevidence
DNAisthemainmethodofidentifyingpeople.
DNAcanbeextractedfromanyofthesesamples
andusedforcomparativeanalysis.
Mostcommonsamplesobtainedareblood,hair,
saliva(fromcigarettebutsorchewinggum),skin,
nails,teeth,andsemen.

36. FORENSIC
SEROLOGY
Forensicserologisthastoascertainwhetherthe
particularweapon(e.gknife)isstainedwithhuman
bloodornot.
Formthefindingsofaserologist,theinvestigating
officercangetadefiniteclueinaparticularcase,
dependingonwhichtheinvestigatingofficercan
identifytheculpritofthecrime.
Itistheserologistwhohastoestablishthefactsof
disputedpaternitycasesbytestingthebloodgroup
inquestion.

37. ToxicologyUnit:
Examines bodyfluidsand
organstodetermine the
presenceand identificationof
drugsand poisons
LatentFingerprint
Unit: Processesand examines
theevidenceforlatent
fingerprintsi.e. thosefoundon
surfaces

38. VoiceprintAnalysis
Unit:
Involvedincasesoftelephone
threatsortape-recordedmessages
Investigatorsmaybeableto
connectavoicetoaparticular
suspect
Evidence-Collection
Unit:
Incorporatesevidencecollection
intoatotalforensicscience
service

39. VIOLENCE

40. VIOLENCE
ViolenceisdefinedbytheWORLD HEALTH
ORGANIZATIONas
“Theintentionaluseofphysicalforceorpower,
threatenedoractual,againstoneself,anotherperson,or
againstagrouporcommunity,thateitherresultinorhasa
highlikelihoodofresultingininjury,death,psychological
harm,mal-developmentordeprivation”

41. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Epidemiol
ogical
triad of
violence
Victim
PerpetratorEnvironment
Epidemiologyofviolencereferstothe
studyofpatterns,causes,riskfactorsand
theimpactsofvariousformsofviolence
withinpopulations

42. Globally,violencetakesthelivesofmorethan
1.5millionpeopleannually:justover50%due
tosuicide,some35%duetohomicide,andjust
over12%asadirectresultofwarorsome
otherformofconflict.
Foreverysingledeathduetoviolence,there
aredozensofhospitalizations,hundredsof
emergencydepartmentvisits,andthousandsof
doctors'appointments.
Furthermore,violenceoftenhaslifelong
consequencesforvictims'physicalandmental
healthandsocialfunctioningandcanslow
economicandsocialdevelopment.

43. SOURCES OF DATA
World
health
organizatio
n
UNICEF
National
family
health
survey
report in
India
Centre for disease control
and prevention: national
intimate partner and
sexual violence survey and
national violent death
reporting system

44. Self-
directed
violence
Interper
sonal
violence
Collectiv
e
violence

45. SELF-DIRECTED
VIOLENCE
Self-directedviolenceissubdividedintosuicidal
behaviorandself-abuse.
•Theformerincludessuicidalthoughts,
attemptedsuicides–alsocalled‘‘parasuicide’’
or‘‘deliberateself-injury’’insomecountries–
andcompletedsuicides.
•Self-abuse,incontrast,includesactssuchas
self-mutilation.

46. INTERPERSONAL
VIOLENCE
Interpersonalviolenceisdividedintotwo
subcategories:
•Familyandintimatepartnerviolence–thatis,
violencelargelybetweenfamilymembersand
intimatepartners,usually,thoughnot
exclusively,takingplaceinthehome.
•Thegroupincludesformsofviolencesuchas
childabuse,intimatepartnerviolenceandabuse
oftheelderly.Ex.Domesticviolence,dowry
case,etc.

47. COLLECTIVE VIOLENCE
Collectiveviolenceissubdividedintosocial,
politicalandeconomicviolence.
•Unliketheotherthreebroadcategories,the
subcategoriesofcollectiveviolencesuggest
possiblemotivesforviolencecommittedbylarger
groupsofindividualsorbystates.
•Clearly,actscommittedbylargergroupscanhave
multiplemotives.

48. COMMUNITY VIOLENCE
Communityviolencebetweenindividualswho
areunrelated,andwhomayormaynotknow
eachother,generallytakingplaceoutsidethe
home.
•Itincludesyouthviolence,randomactsof
violence,rapeorsexualassaultbystrangers,
andviolenceininstitutionalsettingssuchas
schools,workplaces,prisonsandnursing
homes.
•Ex.sexualviolence,acidcaseetc.

49. SOCIAL VIOLENCE
thatiscommittedtoadvanceaparticular
socialagendaincludes,forexample,crimes
ofhatecommittedbyorganizedgroups,
terroristactsandmobviolence.
Politicalviolenceincludeswarandrelated
violentconflicts,stateviolenceandsimilar
actscarriedoutbylargergroups.

50. ECONOMIC VIOLENCE
includesattacksbylargergroupsmotivated
byeconomicgain–suchasattackscarried
outwiththepurposeofdisruptingeconomic
activity,denyingaccesstoessentialservices,
orcreatingeconomicdivisionand
fragmentation.

51. CAUSES OF VIOLENCE
Violencecannotbeattributedtoasinglefactor.
Itscausesarecomplexandoccuratdifferent
levels.Thefollowingfour-levelversionofthe
socio-ecologicalrecommendedbyWHOis
oftenusedinthestudyofviolence:

52. Personal/Individual:biologicalandpersonal
factorsthatinfluencehowindividualsbehave
andincreasetheirlikelihoodofbecominga
victimorperpetratorofviolence
Relationship:Thislevelfocusesonclose
relationships,suchasthosewithfamilyand
friends.
Community:thethirdlevelexploresthe
context-i.e.,Schools,workplaces,and
neighborhoods.
Societalfactors:helptocreateaclimatein
whichviolenceisencouragedorinhibited.

55. PSYCHOLOGICAL
ASPECT
Biological factors
Socialization factors
Cognitive factors
Situational factors

56. CONSEQUENCES OF
VIOLENCE

57. APPROACHES TO
VIOLENCEAND VIOLENCE
PREVENTION
Thehumanrightsapproach
•Isbasedontheobligationsofstatesto
respect,protect,andfulfillhumanrightsand
thereforetoprevent,eradicateandpunish
violence.
•Itrecognizesviolenceasaviolationofmany
humanrights:therightstolife,liberty,
autonomy,andsecurityoftheperson;the
rightstoequalityandnon-discrimination;the
rightstobefreefromtortureandcruel,
inhuman,anddegradingtreatmentor
punishment;therighttoprivacy;andtheright
tothehighestattainablestandardofhealth.

58. Criminaljusticeapproach
•seesitsmaintaskasenforcinglawsthat
prescribeviolenceandensuringthat"justiceis
done".
•Thenotionsofindividualblame,responsibility,
guilt,andculpabilityarecentraltocriminal
justice'sapproachtoviolenceandoneofthe
criminaljusticesystem'smaintasksisto"do
justice",i.e.toensurethatoffendersare
properlyidentified,thatthedegreeoftheirguilt
isasaccuratelyascertainedaspossibleand
thattheyarepunishedappropriately.
•Topreventandrespondtoviolence,the
criminaljusticeapproachreliesprimarilyon
deterrence,incarceration,andthepunishment
andrehabilitationofperpetrators

59. PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE
•Developingsafe,stable,andgoodrelationships
betweenchildrenandtheirparentsandcaregivers
whichhelpinreducingconvictionsandviolent
actsinadolescenceandearlyadulthood
•Developinglifeskillsinchildrenandadolescents
canreduceinvolvementinviolence,improve
socialskills,boosteducationalachievement,and
improvejobprospects.
•Lifeskillsrefertosocial,emotional,andbehavioral
competenciesthathelpchildrenandadolescents
effectivelydealwiththechallengesofeverydaylife.

60. •Reducingtheavailabilityandharmfuluseof
alcohol(e.g.byrestrictinghourordaysofsale
andraisingalcoholprices);
•Briefinterventionsandlonger-termtreatment
forproblemdrinkers;
•Improvingthemanagementofenvironments
wherealcoholisserved(e.g.reducingcrowding,
increasingcomfortlevels,improvingphysical
designandstafftraining).

61. •Reducingaccesstogunsorharmfulitemscan
preventhomicidesandinjuriesandreducethe
costsoftheseformsofviolencetosociety.
•developourself-controltocreateourown
ethicalwayandbathforpeacefullife.
•Noanger,Hatredandenmity,controlmind,
Loveandkindness,PracticingYoga,Truthand
Non-violence(PreventionofViolence)

62. STRATEGIES TO OVERCOME THE
VIOLENCE
Stable family setup
Value based education
Pro-life movement and respect
for life
A stable government
Religious and cultural
tolerance
Intersectoral integration

63. CHILD
ABUSE

64. INTRODUCTION
Childabuseiswhenaparentorcaregiver,
whetherthroughactionorfailingtoact,
causesinjury,death,emotionalharmorrisk
ofseriousharmtoachild.Therearemany
formsofchildmaltreatment,including
neglect,physicalabuse,sexualabuse,
exploitation,andemotionalabuse.Adults
canexperiencearangeofpsychological,
emotionalandsocialproblemsrelatedto
childhoodabuse.

65. DEFINITION
Childabuseisanyactionbyanotherperson–
adultorchild–thatcausessignificantharmto
achild.Itcanbephysical,sexualoremotional,
butcanjustasoftenbeaboutalackoflove,
careandattention.
Anabusedchildwilloftenexperiencemore
thanonetypeofabuse,aswellasother
difficultiesintheirlives.

66. DEMOGRAPHICS
Thetotalabuserateofchildrenis25.2per
1,000children,withphysicalabuse
accountingfor5.7per1,000,sexualabuse2.5
per1,000,emotionalabuse3.4per1,000,and
neglectaccountingfor15.9per1,000
children.Thesecategoriesoverlap,with
sexualandphysicalabuseoftenoccurring
together;physicalabuseorneglectseldom
occurwithoutemotionalabuse.

70. IMPACT OF CHILD
ABUSE

72. VIOLENCE
AGAINST
WOMEN

73. INTRODUCTION
•Violenceagainstwomenispartlyaresultof
genderrelationsthatassumesmentobesuperior
towomen.
•Manifestationsofviolenceincludephysical
aggression,suchasblowsofvaryingintensity,
burns,attemptedhanging,sexualabuseandrape,
psychologicalviolencethroughinsults,
humiliation,blackmail,economicoremotional
threats,etc.
•Usuallydomesticaggressiontowardswomenand
girls,duetovariousreasonsremainhidden.

74. DEFINITION
•Anyactofgender-basedviolencethatresults
inorislikelytoresultinphysical,sexual,or
psychologicalharmorsufferingtoawoman,
whetheroccurringinpublicorprivatelife.
•Womenabuseistheintentionalandsystematic
useoftacticstoestablishandmaintainpower
andcontroloverthethoughts,beliefs,and
conductofawomanthroughtheinducementof
fearand/ordependency.-Reynoldsand
Schweitzer,1998

75. RISK FACTORS

76. APPROACH TO MANAGING
SEXUAL VIOLENCE
SURVIVORS
The following guidelines are for health professionals when a
survivor of sexual violence reports to a hospital. The guidelines
describe in detail the stepwise approach
1.Initial resuscitation/ first Aid
2.Informed consent for examination, evidence collection, and
police procedures
3.Detailed History taking
4.Medical Examination
5.Age Estimation (physical/dental/radiological)
6.Evidence Collection as per the protocol
7.Documentation
8.Packing, sealing, and handing over the collected evidence to
police
9.Treatment of Injuries
10.Testing/prophylaxis for STIs, HIV, Hepatitis B and Pregnancy
11.Psychological support & counseling
12.Referral for further help (shelter, legal support)

77. STEPWISE APPROACH TO SEXUAL
VIOLENCE SURVIVOR

78. SEXUAL ASSAULT FORENSIC
EVIDENCE KIT
Detailed instructions for the examiner
Forms for documentation
Catchment Paper
Glass slides, sealing wax & Labels
Comb, Nail Cutter Sterile cotton swabs, and swab guards for
biological evidence collection & Small scissors
Envelops or boxes for collecting individual evidence samples
Wooden stick for fingernail scrapings
Paper bags for clothing collection
Distilled water & Disposable gloves
Syringes and needle for drawing blood
Urine sample container & Tubes/ vials/ vacutainers for blood
samples
Large sheet of paper to undress over
Clean clothing, and shower/hygiene items for survivors’ use
after the examination

79. CONSEQUENCES OF SEXUAL
VIOLENCE
Physical health consequences:
• Severe abdominal pain.
• Burning micturition &
UTI
• Dyspareunia.
• Menstrual disorders.
•Miscarriage of an existing
fetus.
• Exposure to STDs
(including HIV/AIDS).
• Pelvic inflammatory
disease.
Long-term psychological
effects:
Depression and chronic
anxiety, Feelings of
vulnerability, Loss of
control/loss of self-esteem,
Nightmares, Self-blame,
Mistrust, Avoidance and post-
traumatic stress disorder &
Committing suicide
Psychological health
consequences:
Short-term psychological
effects:
Fear and shock, Physical and
emotional pain, Intense self-
disgust, powerlessness,
Worthlessness, Apathy, Denial,
Numbing & Withdrawal.

81. BATTERED WIFE SYNDROME
Thepsychologicalsymptomssufferedbya
womanrepeatedlyabusedbyamate(asahusband)
andalsocalledBatteredwomansyndrome.The
characteristicsare
Somatic complaints like headache, insomnia,
lower back pain, abdominal pain and
dyspareunia
High level of anxiety
Avoidance behavior and emotional numbing
Body image disturbance
Disrupted interpersonal disturbance

82. CYCLE OF ABUSE
whichusuallybeginsasanabusivecyclewiththree
stages.
•First,theabuserengagesinbehaviorsthatcreate
relationshiptension.
•Second,thetensionexplodeswhentheabusercommits
someformofabuse:physical,psychological,
emotional,sexual,orotherwise.
•Third,theabusertriestofixhiswrongdoingand
apologizes.Thisthirdstageisfrequentlyreferredtoas
the“honeymoon”stageandinvolvestheabusermaking
amendsforhisbadbehaviour.Duringthehoneymoon
stage,theabuserisforgiven,andthecyclestartsall
overagain.

84. RAPE TRAUMA
SYNDROME (RTS)
is thepsychological traumaexperienced by a rape
survivor that includes disruptions to normal physical,
emotional, cognitive, and interpersonal behavior.RTS is
generally broken down into three stages based on the
physical occurrence of the sexual assault.
1.Acute: occurs in the moments, days, and weeks after
sexual assault. victims fall into one of three categories
during this stage:
2
•Expressed: The victim is outwardly upset and
emotional
•Controlled:Rather than outwardly upset, they are in
shock and behaving as if everything is OK
•Shocked Disbelief: The victim is disoriented and may
have a hard time recollecting their attack

85. 2.Outward Adjustment: In this stage, which
can last anywhere from weeks to months, or
even longer, the sexual assault victim does
not appear to be as traumatized and shaken
3.Resolution or Integration:thevictim has come
to terms with the fact that the sexual assault
occurred and does their best to move on from it.

86. ROLE OF NURSE IN THE
IDENTIFICATION OF SEXUAL
ABUSE
Provide a safe environment
Establish rapport & Be a good listener
Convince the victim it was not her fault
Document the victim it was not her fault
Document the child/woman’s exact quote
Don’t be judgemental &Maintain
confidentiality
Encourage ventilate feelings gradually
Reassure the victim and provide therapeutic
counselling

87. Ask only four questions
What happened
Who did this
When did this happen
Where did this happen
Avoid contaminating the case by not asking
any additional question
Identify characteristics of injuries
Explain all procedures before performing
Collect forensic samples without contamination
Document all findings including physical
injuries, emotional trauma, lab test reports, and
verbatims
Examine the victim and observe for any signs
of abuse

88. Organisatio
ns related
to sexual
abuse
National
commissi
on for
women
Women
helpline
Pranjya
Guria
Snehalaya
International
centerfor
researchon
women
RAINN
NSPCCECPAT
internatio
nal
Darkness
to light
Polaris
project
Blue knot
foundatio
n
Child
helpline
internatio
nal
One in
five
Male
survivor
Rape
crisis
centre

89. Thank you