INTRODUCTION TO THE PROCESSING OF TOBACCO LEAVES.pptx

Tobacco is the common name of several plants in the genus Nicotiana of the family Solanaceae, and the general term for any product prepared from the cured leaves of these plants. More than 70 species of tobacco are known, but the chief commercial crop is N. tabacum.

1. PROCESSING OF TOBACCO LEAVES RASHMI M G P01AG23S028017 MAHARANI’S SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN MYSORE

2. Introduction The substance used for smoking are designated as Fumitories. The substance used for chewing are designated as Masticatories. In India, the most commonly used fumitory is tobacco, and masticatory is betel. Most of the materials that are smoked or chewed possess a distinct stimulating or narcotic effect, due to the presence of various alkaloids. Tobacco, betel and cola are the least harmful of these drugs, on the other hand cocaine, opium and cannabis show the deleterious effects to human health.

3. Tobacco Botanical name- Nicotiana tabacum Common name- Hindi- Tamaku, kannada- tambaku. Family- Solanaceae. Origin- the practice of tobacco smoking was made known to Europeans, about the year 1492, having been first observed by followers of Columbus when visiting the West Indian Islands. It is also thought that Columbus and his followers first saw tobacco smoked in Cuba. The first tobacco plant were brought to Europe about the year 1560. it was from Portugal that the plant first became known to other countries in Europe. In Italy the tobacco plant was called ‘Erlea Santa Croce’ The tobacco plant was introduced to India by the Portuguese about the year 1605 during the later part of the region of Akbar. Cultivation areas- in India- Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, and West Bengal

4. Tobacco –cultivation Cultivation strategies- Climate- tropical, subtropical and temperate climates. In India it is grown under wide range of conditions from the coastal areas upto an altitude of 900m. In general the crop is raised in South India from October to March when the temperatures are moderate and in the eastern and western parts of the country from September to January. In Punjab it is grown as an early summer crop. Soil- open, well drained well aerated, high moisture retaining capacity black soils. Propagation- by seeds, at present Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry and the Indian Leaf Tobacco Development Company are meeting the entire needs of pure Virginia Tobacco seed in the country.

5. Tobacco –cultivation Nursery practice - tobacco seedlings are raised in nursery beds. Sowing time- first week of July to third week of September in Punjab, November- December in Uttarpradesh. Transplanting in 7-9 weeks after sowing or 5-6 weeks. The number of plants per Hectare varies form 12,500 for cigarette tobacco and broad leaf chewing tobacco, to 100,000 for hookah tobacco in Punjab. Topping and desuckering -the plants are topped when they are 90-100cm . Following topping, axillary buds grown out from leaf axils as vigorous shoots or suckers and these are removed regularly. As a consequence of topping there is diversion of nutrients from flower heads to leaves. Harvesting and yield - for cigarette tobacco, only leaves which show as light yellowish tinge are harvested; in beedi types, the leaves should appear mottled; for cigar and cheroot, leaves pucker, should become yellowish green in color and brittle; in hookah, thick broad yellowish brown flecks should appear on leaves.

6. Tobacco harvesting Curing- harvested leaves are cured before marketing. Curing involves drying the leaves gradually under conditions which permits certain changes in chemical composition essential for development of desired quality. Four methods of curing- flue curing, sun curing, air curing, fire curing.

7. Tobacco- Flue curing

8. Tobacco- sun curing

9. Tobacco-air curing

10. Tobacco- fire curing

11. SUN CURING FLUE CURING FIRE CURING AIR CURING

12. Tobacco products

13. Physiological effects

14. CONCLUSION TOBACCO commonly called as tambaku, which belongs to Solanaceae . Leaves contain nicotine –mild stimulant, causes lung cancer and atherosclerosis of coronary arteries, accelerates heart beat, increases hypertension and bronchial cough. It is an important commodity all over the world. Extensively exported and imported all over the world for its features and speciality .

15. REFERENCE Economic botany (for BSc, MSc, students and competitive examinations), B P Pandey, S CHAND & COMPANY LTD. Page no. 266-271.