Introduction-to-Transgenic-and-Genome-Edited-Animals (1).pptx

intro to transgenic and genome edited animals

1. By- Anisha Thalor 231245 M.Sc. Biotechnology Transgenic and Genome Edited Animals

2. Transgenic animals are those whose genome has been engineered to incorporate and express a foreign gene, often from a different species. This allows researchers to study the effects of specific genes and develop novel treatments for human and animal diseases. What are Transgenic Animals?

3. Techniques for Creating Transgenic Animals Microinjection DNA is directly injected into the pronucleus of a fertilized egg, which is then implanted into a surrogate mother. https://images.app.goo.gl/MfSNAjLXEQCy8D2o8

4. Stem cells are genetically engineered in vitro and then introduced into an early-stage embryo. Embryonic stem cell modification https://images.app.goo.gl/6rRcybLCh84GSGDU6

5. Applications of Transgenic Animals 1 Biomedical Research Studying disease mechanisms and testing new treatments for human and animal health conditions. 2 Pharmaceutical Production Generating therapeutic proteins and antibodies for commercial use. 3 Improved Livestock Enhancing desirable traits in farm animals, such as increased milk production or disease resistance. 4 Xenotransplantation Using genetically modified animal organs and tissues as potential alternatives for human transplants.

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7. What are Genome-Edited Animals? Genome-edited animals are created using advanced gene editing techniques, such as CRISPR-Cas9, to precisely modify specific DNA sequences within the genome. This allows for more targeted and efficient genetic alterations compared to traditional transgenic methods.

8. CRISPR-Cas9 Technology for Genome Editing 1 Guide RNA Design A specific guide RNA is designed to target the desired DNA sequence for modification. 2 Cas9 Enzyme Activation The Cas9 enzyme is recruited to the target site by the guide RNA, creating a double-strand break in the DNA. 3 Genetic Modification The cell's natural DNA repair mechanisms are then used to insert, delete, or modify the targeted genetic material.

9. Ethical Considerations in Creating Transgenic and Genome-Edited Animals Animal Welfare Ensuring the health and well-being of genetically modified animals throughout their lifespan. Environmental Impact Evaluating the potential risks of releasing genetically altered organisms into the environment. Societal Concerns Addressing public perceptions and concerns about the use of these technologies. Regulatory Oversight Establishing appropriate guidelines and regulations to govern the development and use of these technologies.

10. Institutional Biosafety Committees  (IBSC)  Review Committee on Genetic Manipulations  (RCGM) Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee  (GEAC) site directed nuclease (SDN) The regulatory pathway for genome edited varities in India https://images.app.goo.gl/8vTHRU8Q2RU52MyS8

11. Potential Benefits and Risks of Transgenic and Genome-Edited Animals Benefits Advances in medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation through improved animal models and enhanced traits. Risks Unintended genetic changes, environmental disruption, and ethical concerns regarding the manipulation of living organisms. Balancing Act Careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks to ensure the responsible development and use of these technologies.

12. Future Prospects and Emerging Trends As scientific understanding and technological capabilities continue to evolve, the potential applications of transgenic and genome-edited animals are expected to expand, leading to new breakthroughs in fields like regenerative medicine, organ transplantation, and sustainable agriculture . Ongoing research and ethical debates will shape the responsible advancement of these transformative technologies.