INTRODUCTIONS-TO-CRIMINOLOGY POWERPOINTS
EfraemCuloDamulog
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147 slides
Oct 09, 2024
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About This Presentation
Criminology Disscussion
Slide Content
INTRODUCTION TO
CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINOLOGY
WHY DO YOU HAVE
A COURSE AUDIT?
A COURSE AUDIT?
THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE
EDUCATION
•The Philippine College of Criminology (PCCr), formerly
known as Plaridel College is the first ever educational
institution offering the criminology course in the Philippines.
•In the early part of 1960’s, criminology course was offered
by the University of Manila, Abad Santos College, both in
Metro Manila, University of Visayas-Cebu City, University of
Mindanao-Davao City.
•University of Baguio-the second school to offer PhD in
Criminology nationwide in June 2011.
EDUCATION
•The Philippine College of Criminology (PCCr), formerly
known as Plaridel College is the first ever educational
institution offering the criminology course in the Philippines.
•In the early part of 1960’s, criminology course was offered
by the University of Manila, Abad Santos College, both in
Metro Manila, University of Visayas-Cebu City, University of
Mindanao-Davao City.
•University of Baguio-the second school to offer PhD in
Criminology nationwide in June 2011.
HISTORY
•The Board Examiners for Criminology was created on July 1,
1972 pursuant to Republic Act No. 6506, entitled “An Act
Creating The Board Of Examiner For Criminologists In The
Philippine And For Other Purposes.”
•The first Board was constituted in 1987, and was composed of
the following:
•Chairman- Dr. Sixto O. de Leon
•Members- Atty. Virgilio B. Andres
Jaime S. Navarro
•On the same year, the Syllabi of subjects in the Licensure
examinations for Criminologists was promulgated.
•The Board Examiners for Criminology was created on July 1,
1972 pursuant to Republic Act No. 6506, entitled “An Act
Creating The Board Of Examiner For Criminologists In The
Philippine And For Other Purposes.”
•The first Board was constituted in 1987, and was composed of
the following:
•Chairman- Dr. Sixto O. de Leon
•Members- Atty. Virgilio B. Andres
Jaime S. Navarro
•On the same year, the Syllabi of subjects in the Licensure
examinations for Criminologists was promulgated.
•The professionalization of criminology education was
made possible by R.A. 6506 in 1972.
•Under CMO no. 21 Sr 2005, the following are the 6 areas
under Criminal Justice Education:
•Sociology of Crimes and Ethics
•Law Enforcement Administration (LEA)
•Crime Detection and Investigation (CDI)
•Criminalistics
•Criminal Law and Jurisprudence (CLJ)
•Correctional Administration (CA)
HISTORY
made possible by R.A. 6506 in 1972.
•Under CMO no. 21 Sr 2005, the following are the 6 areas
under Criminal Justice Education:
•Sociology of Crimes and Ethics
•Law Enforcement Administration (LEA)
•Crime Detection and Investigation (CDI)
•Criminalistics
•Criminal Law and Jurisprudence (CLJ)
•Correctional Administration (CA)
HISTORY
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 11131
AN ACT REGULATING THE PRACTICE OF
CRIMINOLOGY PROFESSION IN THE PHILIPPINES,
AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, REPEALING
FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6506,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS "AN ACT CREATING THE
BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR CRIMINOLOGISTS IN
THE PHILIPPINES“
AN ACT REGULATING THE PRACTICE OF
CRIMINOLOGY PROFESSION IN THE PHILIPPINES,
AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR, REPEALING
FOR THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6506,
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS "AN ACT CREATING THE
BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR CRIMINOLOGISTS IN
THE PHILIPPINES“
The following are the relative weight of each area under
RA 11131 (Board Resolution No. 05 s. 2022):
üCriminal Sociology 20%
üCRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) 20%
üCRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) 20%
üFORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) 15%
üLAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) 15%
üCORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION (COR-AD) 10%
TOTAL 100%
RA 11131 (Board Resolution No. 05 s. 2022):
üCriminal Sociology 20%
üCRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) 20%
üCRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) 20%
üFORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) 15%
üLAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) 15%
üCORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION (COR-AD) 10%
TOTAL 100%
Section 6. Creation, and Composition of the
Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists
•There is hereby created a Professional Regulatory Board
for Criminologists, a collegial body under the
administrative supervision and control of the Commission,
to be composed of a Chairperson and four (4) members
appointed by the President of the Philippines from a list of
three (3) recommendees for each position, chosen and
ranked by the Commission from a list of three (3) nominees
for every position endorsed by the APO. The new Board
shall be organized not later than six (6) months from the
effectivity of this Act.
Professional Regulatory Board for Criminologists
•There is hereby created a Professional Regulatory Board
for Criminologists, a collegial body under the
administrative supervision and control of the Commission,
to be composed of a Chairperson and four (4) members
appointed by the President of the Philippines from a list of
three (3) recommendees for each position, chosen and
ranked by the Commission from a list of three (3) nominees
for every position endorsed by the APO. The new Board
shall be organized not later than six (6) months from the
effectivity of this Act.
CRIMINOLOGY BOARD OF
EXAMINERS
EXAMINERS
Section 7. Qualifications of the Chairperson and Members of the
Board. - The Chairperson and each member shall, at the time of
their appointment, possess all these qualifications:
(a) Must be a natural-born Filipino citizen and a resident of the Philippines;
(b) Must be of good moral character, good reputation and of sound mind and body;
(c) Not convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any offense involving moral turpitude;
(d) Must be a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Criminology, and a holder of a Post-Graduate
Degree in Criminology or a lawyer in any reputable school recognized by the CHED;
(e) Must be a registered criminologist with a valid certificate of registration and a valid
professional identification card, having at least ten (10) years of practice in the profession prior to
the appointment including no less than two (2) years teaching experience of criminology or law
subjects in full-time or part-time capacity in the college of criminology or college of law
recognized by the government through the CHED;
(f) Must be a member in good standing of the APO but not an officer or trustee thereof; and
(g) Must not be a member of the faculty of any school, college or university where a regular class
or review course in criminology is offered, nor a member of the staff of reviewers in a review
school or center, and must not have any direct or indirect pecuniary interest in any such
institution.
Board. - The Chairperson and each member shall, at the time of
their appointment, possess all these qualifications:
(a) Must be a natural-born Filipino citizen and a resident of the Philippines;
(b) Must be of good moral character, good reputation and of sound mind and body;
(c) Not convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any offense involving moral turpitude;
(d) Must be a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Criminology, and a holder of a Post-Graduate
Degree in Criminology or a lawyer in any reputable school recognized by the CHED;
(e) Must be a registered criminologist with a valid certificate of registration and a valid
professional identification card, having at least ten (10) years of practice in the profession prior to
the appointment including no less than two (2) years teaching experience of criminology or law
subjects in full-time or part-time capacity in the college of criminology or college of law
recognized by the government through the CHED;
(f) Must be a member in good standing of the APO but not an officer or trustee thereof; and
(g) Must not be a member of the faculty of any school, college or university where a regular class
or review course in criminology is offered, nor a member of the staff of reviewers in a review
school or center, and must not have any direct or indirect pecuniary interest in any such
institution.
Section 8. Term of Office
•The Chairperson and members of the Board shall hold office for
a term of three (3) years from the date of appointment or until
their successors shall have been qualified and appointed. They
may be reappointed to the same office for another term of
three (3) years immediately after the expiry of their term:
Provided, That the holding of such position shall not be more
than two (2) terms nor more than six (6) years, whichever is
longer: Provided, further, That the first Board under this Act shall
hold these terms of office: the Chairperson for three (3) years,
the first two (2) members for two (2) years, and the second two
(2) members for one (1) year: Provided, finally, That any
appointee to a vacancy with an unexpired period shall only
serve such period. The Chairperson and the members shall
duly take their oath of office.
•The Chairperson and members of the Board shall hold office for
a term of three (3) years from the date of appointment or until
their successors shall have been qualified and appointed. They
may be reappointed to the same office for another term of
three (3) years immediately after the expiry of their term:
Provided, That the holding of such position shall not be more
than two (2) terms nor more than six (6) years, whichever is
longer: Provided, further, That the first Board under this Act shall
hold these terms of office: the Chairperson for three (3) years,
the first two (2) members for two (2) years, and the second two
(2) members for one (1) year: Provided, finally, That any
appointee to a vacancy with an unexpired period shall only
serve such period. The Chairperson and the members shall
duly take their oath of office.
MECHANICS OF THE CRIMINOLOGIST
LICENSURE EXAMINATION
•The PRC administers the Criminology Board Examination
twice a year (April 2023 & August 2023)
•Proctoring System
•Computerized Checking
•Exams are all presented in a multiple-choice type of
examination
•Exam Schedule- six (6) subjects for three (3) consecutive
days; 2 subjects each day: 1 in the morning and another 1
in the afternoon
LICENSURE EXAMINATION
•The PRC administers the Criminology Board Examination
twice a year (April 2023 & August 2023)
•Proctoring System
•Computerized Checking
•Exams are all presented in a multiple-choice type of
examination
•Exam Schedule- six (6) subjects for three (3) consecutive
days; 2 subjects each day: 1 in the morning and another 1
in the afternoon
WHAT SHOULD BE YOUR TARGET RATING
TO BE A FUTURE CRIMINOLOGIST?
•Section 17. Rating in the Licensure Examination. - To PASS the licensure
examination for criminologist, a candidate must obtain a weighted
average rating of seventy-five percent (75%) with no grade less than sixty
percent (60%) in any given subject. In case the examinee obtains a
weighted average rating of seventy-five percent (75%) but, has a grade
below sixty percent (60%) in any of the subjects, the result of the
examinee shall be DEFERRED, and be required to retake that particular
subject/s. The deferred examinee shall only be allowed to retake once
within two (2) years from the date of the examination, and shall be
required to obtain a grade not lower than eighty percent (80%) on the
subject, to be considered to have passed the licensure examination. If
the examinee failed to retake after the lapse of two (2) years or failed to
get the passing mark of eighty percent (80%), the examinee shall retake
all the board subjects.
•Any examinee who failed three (3) or more board subjects shall be
deemed to have FAILED the board examination.
TO BE A FUTURE CRIMINOLOGIST?
•Section 17. Rating in the Licensure Examination. - To PASS the licensure
examination for criminologist, a candidate must obtain a weighted
average rating of seventy-five percent (75%) with no grade less than sixty
percent (60%) in any given subject. In case the examinee obtains a
weighted average rating of seventy-five percent (75%) but, has a grade
below sixty percent (60%) in any of the subjects, the result of the
examinee shall be DEFERRED, and be required to retake that particular
subject/s. The deferred examinee shall only be allowed to retake once
within two (2) years from the date of the examination, and shall be
required to obtain a grade not lower than eighty percent (80%) on the
subject, to be considered to have passed the licensure examination. If
the examinee failed to retake after the lapse of two (2) years or failed to
get the passing mark of eighty percent (80%), the examinee shall retake
all the board subjects.
•Any examinee who failed three (3) or more board subjects shall be
deemed to have FAILED the board examination.
CASE #1
Passing Rate + 1 subject with score lower than 60
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 90 18
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 89 17.8
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 59 11.8
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 85 12.75
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 88 13.2
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 88 8.8
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 82.35% DEFFERED
Passing Rate + 1 subject with score lower than 60
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 90 18
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 89 17.8
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 59 11.8
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 85 12.75
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 88 13.2
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 88 8.8
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 82.35% DEFFERED
CASE #2
Passing Rate + 2 subject with score lower than 60
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 90 18
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 89 17.8
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 59 11.8
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 85 12.75
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 45 6.75
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 88 8.8
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 75.9% DEFFERED
Passing Rate + 2 subject with score lower than 60
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 90 18
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 89 17.8
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 59 11.8
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 85 12.75
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 45 6.75
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 88 8.8
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 75.9% DEFFERED
DEFFERED EXAMINEES
•Required to retake the particular subject/s
•Allowed to retake ONCE WITHIN TWO (2) YEARS
from the date of examination
•Required to obtain a grade not lower than 80%
•Required to retake the particular subject/s
•Allowed to retake ONCE WITHIN TWO (2) YEARS
from the date of examination
•Required to obtain a grade not lower than 80%
CASE #3
Passing Rate + 3 subject with score lower than 60
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 90 18
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 89 17.8
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 59 11.8
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 89 13.35
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 57 8.55
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 59 5.9
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 75.4% FAILED
Passing Rate + 3 subject with score lower than 60
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 90 18
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 89 17.8
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 59 11.8
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 89 13.35
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 57 8.55
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 59 5.9
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 75.4% FAILED
CASE #4
All subjects passed + Rating lower than 75%
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 75 15
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 80 16
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 75 15
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 73 10.95
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 70 10.5
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 72 7.2
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 74.65% FAILED
All subjects passed + Rating lower than 75%
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 75 15
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 80 16
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 75 15
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 73 10.95
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 70 10.5
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 72 7.2
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 74.65% FAILED
CASE #5
Passing rate + 3 failed subjects
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 73 14.6
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 75 15
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 78 15.6
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 72 10.8
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 80 12
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 71 7.1
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 75.10% FAILED
Passing rate + 3 failed subjects
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 73 14.6
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 75 15
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 78 15.6
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 72 10.8
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 80 12
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 71 7.1
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 75.10% FAILED
FAILED EXAMINEES
•Required to retake all subjects
•If you fail to pass the board exam 5 times,
you are mandated to take a refresher course
in criminology
•Required to retake all subjects
•If you fail to pass the board exam 5 times,
you are mandated to take a refresher course
in criminology
CASE #6
Passing Rate = average rating of 75% with NO GRADE
LESS THAN 60%
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 90 18
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 89 17.8
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 86 17.2
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 88 13.2
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 89 13.35
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 85 8.5
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 88.05% PASSED
Passing Rate = average rating of 75% with NO GRADE
LESS THAN 60%
SUBJECT/AREAS OF CLE WEIGHT RAW SCORE AVERAGE
1. Criminal Sociology .20 90 18
2. CRIME DETECTION and INVESTIGATION (CDI) .20 89 17.8
3. CRIMINAL LAW and JURISPRUDENCE (CLJ) .20 86 17.2
4. FORENSIC SCIENCES (FS) .15 88 13.2
5. LAW ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION (LEA) .15 89 13.35
6. CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTATION .10 85 8.5
Source: Tatak Criminology (2021). DEFFERED? | Sec. 17 Rating in the Criminology Licensure
Exam | RA 11131 (Tagalog) [Video]. YouTube.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xBhRCWeIar4 RATING: 88.05% PASSED
THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINOLOGY
PROFESSION
•Under section 5 of R.A. 11131, also known as "AN ACT
CREATING THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR CRIMINOLOGISTS
IN THE PHILIPPINES” the following are the practice a
Criminologist may perform but shall not be limited to, acts or
activities performed:
PROFESSION
•Under section 5 of R.A. 11131, also known as "AN ACT
CREATING THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR CRIMINOLOGISTS
IN THE PHILIPPINES” the following are the practice a
Criminologist may perform but shall not be limited to, acts or
activities performed:
THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINOLOGY
PROFESSION
•In line with the practice of profession or occupation as a law
enforcement administrator, executive, adviser, consultant, officer,
investigator, agent or employee in:
ü any private or government agencies performing law enforcement
and quasi-police functions at the Philippine National Police (PNP),
üthe National Bureau of Investigation (NBI),
üthe Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA),
üthe Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP),
üthe Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP),
PROFESSION
•In line with the practice of profession or occupation as a law
enforcement administrator, executive, adviser, consultant, officer,
investigator, agent or employee in:
ü any private or government agencies performing law enforcement
and quasi-police functions at the Philippine National Police (PNP),
üthe National Bureau of Investigation (NBI),
üthe Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA),
üthe Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP),
üthe Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP),
THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINOLOGY
PROFESSION
•In line with the practice of profession or occupation as a law
enforcement administrator, executive, adviser, consultant, officer,
investigator, agent or employee in:
ü the Provincial Jail, the Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR),
üthe Probation and Parole Administration (PPA),
üthe Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR),
üthe Bureau of Customs (BoC),
üthe Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP),
üother government and private banks,
üthe Philippine Postal Corporation (PPC),
PROFESSION
•In line with the practice of profession or occupation as a law
enforcement administrator, executive, adviser, consultant, officer,
investigator, agent or employee in:
ü the Provincial Jail, the Bureau of Corrections (BUCOR),
üthe Probation and Parole Administration (PPA),
üthe Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR),
üthe Bureau of Customs (BoC),
üthe Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP),
üother government and private banks,
üthe Philippine Postal Corporation (PPC),
THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINOLOGY
PROFESSION
•In line with the practice of profession or occupation as a law
enforcement administrator, executive, adviser, consultant, officer,
investigator, agent or employee in:
ü the Sea and Air Marshalls,
üthe VIP Security, Airport and Seaport Police,
üthe National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA),
üthe Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(ISAFP),
üand other intelligence service or agencies of the government
exercising similar functions;
PROFESSION
•In line with the practice of profession or occupation as a law
enforcement administrator, executive, adviser, consultant, officer,
investigator, agent or employee in:
ü the Sea and Air Marshalls,
üthe VIP Security, Airport and Seaport Police,
üthe National Intelligence Coordinating Agency (NICA),
üthe Intelligence Service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines
(ISAFP),
üand other intelligence service or agencies of the government
exercising similar functions;
THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINOLOGY
PROFESSION
•In line with the practice of teaching profession such as those
performed by a professor, instructor or teacher in any university,
college or school duly recognized by the government of any of the
following professional and component subjects of the criminology
program: (1) Criminal Jurisprudence and Procedure; (2) Criminalistics;
(3) Law Enforcement Administration; (4) Crime Detection and
Investigation; (5) Correctional Administration; and (6) Criminal
Sociology and Ethics, and other technical and specialized subjects in
the criminology curriculum provided by the CHED;
PROFESSION
•In line with the practice of teaching profession such as those
performed by a professor, instructor or teacher in any university,
college or school duly recognized by the government of any of the
following professional and component subjects of the criminology
program: (1) Criminal Jurisprudence and Procedure; (2) Criminalistics;
(3) Law Enforcement Administration; (4) Crime Detection and
Investigation; (5) Correctional Administration; and (6) Criminal
Sociology and Ethics, and other technical and specialized subjects in
the criminology curriculum provided by the CHED;
THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINOLOGY
PROFESSION
•As a technician, examiner/criminalist, or specialist in dactyloscopy,
questioned document, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), lie detection,
firearms identification, forensic photography, forensic chemistry and
other scientific crime detection and investigation;
•As a correctional administrator, executive, supervisor, or officer in any
rehabilitation, correctional, and penal institution or facility, and in any
community-based corrections, and rehabilitation agencies and/or
programs;
PROFESSION
•As a technician, examiner/criminalist, or specialist in dactyloscopy,
questioned document, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), lie detection,
firearms identification, forensic photography, forensic chemistry and
other scientific crime detection and investigation;
•As a correctional administrator, executive, supervisor, or officer in any
rehabilitation, correctional, and penal institution or facility, and in any
community-based corrections, and rehabilitation agencies and/or
programs;
THE PHILIPPINE CRIMINOLOGY
PROFESSION
•As a counsellor, consultant, adviser or researcher in any government or
private agency on any aspect of criminological research or project
involving the causes of crime, children in conflict with the law,
treatment of offenders, police operations, law enforcement
administration, scientific criminal investigation or public safety and
national security administration; and
•As a private investigator, administrator, consultant or agent, or
detective in any private security and investigation agency organized
under the laws of the Philippines.
PROFESSION
•As a counsellor, consultant, adviser or researcher in any government or
private agency on any aspect of criminological research or project
involving the causes of crime, children in conflict with the law,
treatment of offenders, police operations, law enforcement
administration, scientific criminal investigation or public safety and
national security administration; and
•As a private investigator, administrator, consultant or agent, or
detective in any private security and investigation agency organized
under the laws of the Philippines.
QnA WITH RATIONALIZATION
Question
May be defined as a study and investigation of crime and
criminals and is concerned with the application of
knowledge regarding crime to social programs of crime
prevention and control.
A.Etiology of Crime
B.Criminalist
C.Criminology
D.Criminal Process
May be defined as a study and investigation of crime and
criminals and is concerned with the application of
knowledge regarding crime to social programs of crime
prevention and control.
A.Etiology of Crime
B.Criminalist
C.Criminology
D.Criminal Process
ANSWER
C. CRIMINOLOGY
C. CRIMINOLOGY
WHAT IS CRIMINOLOGY?
ü"An interdisciplinary science that gathers and analyzes data on
various aspects of crime and criminal behavior."
üEDWIN H. SUTHERLAND & DONALD R. CRESSEY- “Criminology is the
body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon.”
üELLIOT, M. A & MERILL, F. E - “Criminology may be defined as the
scientific study of crimes and its treatment“
üDONALD R. TAFT - “Criminology is the study which includes all the
subject matter necessary to the understanding and prevention of
crimes together with the punishment and treatment of delinquents and
criminals.”
üR.A. 11131- “Criminology refers to the scientific study of crimes,
criminals, and victims, it also deals with the prevention, and solution of
crimes.”
ü"An interdisciplinary science that gathers and analyzes data on
various aspects of crime and criminal behavior."
üEDWIN H. SUTHERLAND & DONALD R. CRESSEY- “Criminology is the
body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon.”
üELLIOT, M. A & MERILL, F. E - “Criminology may be defined as the
scientific study of crimes and its treatment“
üDONALD R. TAFT - “Criminology is the study which includes all the
subject matter necessary to the understanding and prevention of
crimes together with the punishment and treatment of delinquents and
criminals.”
üR.A. 11131- “Criminology refers to the scientific study of crimes,
criminals, and victims, it also deals with the prevention, and solution of
crimes.”
Question
Who coined the term Criminology?
A.Paul Topinard
B.Raffaele Garofalo
C.George Wilkins
D.Cesare Beccaria
Who coined the term Criminology?
A.Paul Topinard
B.Raffaele Garofalo
C.George Wilkins
D.Cesare Beccaria
ANSWER
B. Raffaele Garofalo
B. Raffaele Garofalo
ORIGIN OF THE TERM
CRIMINOLOGY
üRaffaele Garofalo
- coined the italian term “Criminologia” in 1885
üPaul Topinard
- coined the French term “criminologie” in 1887.
He also coined the term “Crimen” which means
offense
CRIMINOLOGY
üRaffaele Garofalo
- coined the italian term “Criminologia” in 1885
üPaul Topinard
- coined the French term “criminologie” in 1887.
He also coined the term “Crimen” which means
offense
Question
It is the scientific study of crime and the effort of the society to
prevent and suppress them.
A.Penology
B.Criminology
C.Victimology
D.Sociology of law
It is the scientific study of crime and the effort of the society to
prevent and suppress them.
A.Penology
B.Criminology
C.Victimology
D.Sociology of law
ANSWER
B. CRIMINOLOGY
B. CRIMINOLOGY
Question
The progress of criminology is concordant with the
advancement of other sciences that has been applied to it.
Therefor, criminology is:
A.An applied science
B.Nationalistic
C.Dynamic
D.A social science
The progress of criminology is concordant with the
advancement of other sciences that has been applied to it.
Therefor, criminology is:
A.An applied science
B.Nationalistic
C.Dynamic
D.A social science
ANSWER
C. DYNAMIC
C. DYNAMIC
NATURE OF CRIMINOLOGY
(SAND)
•It is a social science. Crime is a social creation and it exists in a society
being a social phenomenon. Thus, study of criminology is a social
science
•It is an applied science. In the study of causes of crimes, different fields
related to criminology may be applied and the utilization of division of
criminalistics in crime detection is what you call Instrumentation.
•It is nationalistic. The study of crimes must be in relation with the
existing criminal law within a territory or country. The question as to
whether an act is a crime is dependent on the criminal law of a state.
• It is dynamic. Criminology changes as a social condition changes. It is
concomitant with the advancement of other science that has been
applied to it.
(SAND)
•It is a social science. Crime is a social creation and it exists in a society
being a social phenomenon. Thus, study of criminology is a social
science
•It is an applied science. In the study of causes of crimes, different fields
related to criminology may be applied and the utilization of division of
criminalistics in crime detection is what you call Instrumentation.
•It is nationalistic. The study of crimes must be in relation with the
existing criminal law within a territory or country. The question as to
whether an act is a crime is dependent on the criminal law of a state.
• It is dynamic. Criminology changes as a social condition changes. It is
concomitant with the advancement of other science that has been
applied to it.
QUESTION
Criminal refers to the study of the relationship
between criminality and the milieu.
A.Ecology
B.Demography
C.Epidemiology
D.Physical Anthropology
Criminal refers to the study of the relationship
between criminality and the milieu.
A.Ecology
B.Demography
C.Epidemiology
D.Physical Anthropology
ANSWER
C. EPIDEMIOLOGY
NOTE: MILIEU - ENVIRONMENT
C. EPIDEMIOLOGY
NOTE: MILIEU - ENVIRONMENT
QUESTION
The relation of criminality to the physical constitution of man
is known as .
A.Criminal Sociology
B.Habitual Delinquency
C.Criminal Physical Anthropology
D.Criminal Psychology
The relation of criminality to the physical constitution of man
is known as .
A.Criminal Sociology
B.Habitual Delinquency
C.Criminal Physical Anthropology
D.Criminal Psychology
ANSWER
C. Criminal Physical Anthropology
C. Criminal Physical Anthropology
IMPORTANT AREAS OF INTEREST
TO CRIMINOLOGY
a. Criminal demography - the study of the
relationship between criminality and population.
b. Criminal epidemiology – the study of the
relationship between environment and criminality.
c. Criminal ecology – the study of criminality in
relation to the spatial distribution in a community
TO CRIMINOLOGY
a. Criminal demography - the study of the
relationship between criminality and population.
b. Criminal epidemiology – the study of the
relationship between environment and criminality.
c. Criminal ecology – the study of criminality in
relation to the spatial distribution in a community
IMPORTANT AREAS OF INTEREST
TO CRIMINOLOGY
d. Criminal physical anthropology – the study of criminality
in relation to physical constitution of men.
e. Criminal psychology – the study of human behavior in
relation to criminality
f. Criminal psychiatry – the study of human mind in relation
to criminality.
g. Victimology – the study of the role of the victim in the
commission of crime.
TO CRIMINOLOGY
d. Criminal physical anthropology – the study of criminality
in relation to physical constitution of men.
e. Criminal psychology – the study of human behavior in
relation to criminality
f. Criminal psychiatry – the study of human mind in relation
to criminality.
g. Victimology – the study of the role of the victim in the
commission of crime.
QUESTION
It is the study of human society, its origin, structure, functions,
an direction.
A.Sociology
B.Psychology
C.Criminology
D.Anthropology
It is the study of human society, its origin, structure, functions,
an direction.
A.Sociology
B.Psychology
C.Criminology
D.Anthropology
ANSWER
A. SOCIOLOGY
A. SOCIOLOGY
IMPORTANT AREAS OF INTEREST
TO CRIMINOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY
-The study of human society, its origin, structure, functions
and direction.
SOCIOLOGY OF LAW
- The study of law and its application attempt at scientific
analysis of the condition which the penal/criminal laws has
developed as a process of formal or social control.
TO CRIMINOLOGY
SOCIOLOGY
-The study of human society, its origin, structure, functions
and direction.
SOCIOLOGY OF LAW
- The study of law and its application attempt at scientific
analysis of the condition which the penal/criminal laws has
developed as a process of formal or social control.
QUESTION
It deals primarily with the study of crime commission
A.Criminology
B.Criminological Research
C.Criminal Etiology
D.Criminal Sociology
It deals primarily with the study of crime commission
A.Criminology
B.Criminological Research
C.Criminal Etiology
D.Criminal Sociology
ANSWER
C. Criminal Etiology
C. Criminal Etiology
IMPORTANT AREAS OF INTEREST
TO CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINAL ETIOLOGY
- the study of the cause or origin of crime. It studies
the primary reason for crime commission.
PENOLOGY
-concerned with the control and prevention of
crimes and treatment of criminals.
TO CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINAL ETIOLOGY
- the study of the cause or origin of crime. It studies
the primary reason for crime commission.
PENOLOGY
-concerned with the control and prevention of
crimes and treatment of criminals.
IMPORTANT AREAS OF INTEREST
TO CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINALISTICS OR FORENSIC SCIENCE
-One or more area concerned in crime detection
and investigation
CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
-study of the crime correlated to with antecedent
variables, state of crime trend.
TO CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINALISTICS OR FORENSIC SCIENCE
-One or more area concerned in crime detection
and investigation
CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
-study of the crime correlated to with antecedent
variables, state of crime trend.
IMPORTANT AREAS OF INTEREST
TO CRIMINOLOGY
SOCIOLOGICAL CRIMINOLOGY
-The study of crime focused on the group of people
and society as a whole
PSCHOLOGICAL CRIMINOLOGY
-The science of behavior and mental processes of the
criminal
PSYCHIATRIC CRIMINOLOGY
- The science that deals with the study of crime through
forensic psychiatry
TO CRIMINOLOGY
SOCIOLOGICAL CRIMINOLOGY
-The study of crime focused on the group of people
and society as a whole
PSCHOLOGICAL CRIMINOLOGY
-The science of behavior and mental processes of the
criminal
PSYCHIATRIC CRIMINOLOGY
- The science that deals with the study of crime through
forensic psychiatry
IMPORTANT AREAS OF INTEREST
TO CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINALISTICS OR FORENSIC SCIENCE
-One or more area concerned in crime detection
and investigation
CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
-study of the crime correlated to with antecedent
variables, state of crime trend.
TO CRIMINOLOGY
CRIMINALISTICS OR FORENSIC SCIENCE
-One or more area concerned in crime detection
and investigation
CRIMINOLOGICAL RESEARCH
-study of the crime correlated to with antecedent
variables, state of crime trend.
FUNDAMENTAL
SCHOOLS OF
THOUGHT IN
EXPLAINING THE
CAUSES OF CRIME
SCHOOLS OF
THOUGHT IN
EXPLAINING THE
CAUSES OF CRIME
THE CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF
CRIMINOLOGY
•The Classical School was founded by Italian
philosopher Cesare Beccaria in his book “On
Crimes and Punishments” in 1764.
•Beccaria argued that “Punishment should be
proportional to the crime committed and that
the criminal justice system should be focused
on preventing offenses rather than just
punishing them.”
CRIMINOLOGY
•The Classical School was founded by Italian
philosopher Cesare Beccaria in his book “On
Crimes and Punishments” in 1764.
•Beccaria argued that “Punishment should be
proportional to the crime committed and that
the criminal justice system should be focused
on preventing offenses rather than just
punishing them.”
THE CLASSICAL SCHOOL OF
CRIMINOLOGY
•The Classical School of Criminology is a theoretical
perspective on crime that emerged during the
Enlightenment era in the late 18th century.
•It is based on the belief that crime is a rational
decision and individuals will engage in criminal
behavior if the potential rewards outweigh the
potential risks.
•This theory emphasizes the importance of punishment
and deterrents in controlling crime.
CRIMINOLOGY
•The Classical School of Criminology is a theoretical
perspective on crime that emerged during the
Enlightenment era in the late 18th century.
•It is based on the belief that crime is a rational
decision and individuals will engage in criminal
behavior if the potential rewards outweigh the
potential risks.
•This theory emphasizes the importance of punishment
and deterrents in controlling crime.
THE basic elements of CLASSICAL
SCHOOL theory
•The Classical theory posits that individuals have free will and
can choose to engage in criminal or law-abiding behaviour.
•According to this perspective, individuals who
commit crimes are driven by greed or personal need.
•The theory also suggests that the fear of punishment
is the only way to control behavior and that harsh
strictures would curb unlawful actions.
•Swift and sure punishment is more effective in
deterring criminal behavior
SCHOOL theory
•The Classical theory posits that individuals have free will and
can choose to engage in criminal or law-abiding behaviour.
•According to this perspective, individuals who
commit crimes are driven by greed or personal need.
•The theory also suggests that the fear of punishment
is the only way to control behavior and that harsh
strictures would curb unlawful actions.
•Swift and sure punishment is more effective in
deterring criminal behavior
THE basic elements of CLASSICAL
SCHOOL theory
•In summary, classical theory views individuals
as rational actors who are rational and
capable of making choices. It asserts that
punishment is an effective means of
regulating criminal behaviour and that the
severity of punishment should be proportional
to the level of wrongdoing.
•“LET THE PUNISHMENT FIT THE CRIME.”
SCHOOL theory
•In summary, classical theory views individuals
as rational actors who are rational and
capable of making choices. It asserts that
punishment is an effective means of
regulating criminal behaviour and that the
severity of punishment should be proportional
to the level of wrongdoing.
•“LET THE PUNISHMENT FIT THE CRIME.”
CRITIQUE OF THE CLASSICAL
THEORY OF PUNISHMENT
•Punishment based solely on the crime committed
without considering individual circumstance, is
often criticized for being unfair and unjust.
•This approach ignores that offenders may have
different culpability and reasons for committing a
crime, such as mental illness, poverty, or social
pressure. Therefore, it can lead to disproportionate
and arbitrary punishments.
THEORY OF PUNISHMENT
•Punishment based solely on the crime committed
without considering individual circumstance, is
often criticized for being unfair and unjust.
•This approach ignores that offenders may have
different culpability and reasons for committing a
crime, such as mental illness, poverty, or social
pressure. Therefore, it can lead to disproportionate
and arbitrary punishments.
CRITIQUE OF THE CLASSICAL
THEORY OF PUNISHMENT
•The classical view of punishment only focuses on the
injury caused by the crime, not the offender’s mental
condition. This means that the same punishment is
given regardless of whether the offender is a first-time
or repeat offender (Petersilia, 2017).
•This approach has been criticized as unjust since it fails
to consider the mitigating factors that may contribute
to an offender’s behaviour and chances of
rehabilitation.
THEORY OF PUNISHMENT
•The classical view of punishment only focuses on the
injury caused by the crime, not the offender’s mental
condition. This means that the same punishment is
given regardless of whether the offender is a first-time
or repeat offender (Petersilia, 2017).
•This approach has been criticized as unjust since it fails
to consider the mitigating factors that may contribute
to an offender’s behaviour and chances of
rehabilitation.
2.NEO CLASSICAL SCHOOL
•This school modified the doctrine of free will by
stating that free will of men may be affected
by other factors and crime is committed due
to some compelling reasons that prevail.
•It arose during French revolution with the
modification that children and lunatics and
others were not legally responsible for their
actions.
•This school modified the doctrine of free will by
stating that free will of men may be affected
by other factors and crime is committed due
to some compelling reasons that prevail.
•It arose during French revolution with the
modification that children and lunatics and
others were not legally responsible for their
actions.
2.NEO CLASSICAL SCHOOL
•This school of thought questioned that there
are people who have the absence of freewill
hence they are exempted from punishment
because they did not know what they are
doing; they did not know what they did was
wrong or what they did was the product of
insanity.
•This school of thought questioned that there
are people who have the absence of freewill
hence they are exempted from punishment
because they did not know what they are
doing; they did not know what they did was
wrong or what they did was the product of
insanity.
2.NEO CLASSICAL SCHOOL
•The Neo-Classical fundamental notion is that,
“LET THE CHILDREN AND LUNATIC CRIMINALS BE
EXEMPTED FROM PUNISHMENT”
•The Neo-Classical fundamental notion is that,
“LET THE CHILDREN AND LUNATIC CRIMINALS BE
EXEMPTED FROM PUNISHMENT”
3.POSITIVIST SCHOOL
•Presumes that criminal behavior is caused by
internal and external factors outside of the
individual’s control. Scientific method was
introduced and applied to study human
behavior. Positivism can be broken up into
three segments which include biological,
psychological and social positivism.
•Presumes that criminal behavior is caused by
internal and external factors outside of the
individual’s control. Scientific method was
introduced and applied to study human
behavior. Positivism can be broken up into
three segments which include biological,
psychological and social positivism.
3.POSITIVIST SCHOOL
A.BIOLOGICAL POSITIVISM
It is the belief that these criminals and their
criminal behavior stem from "chemical
imbalances" or "abnormalities" within the brain
or the DNA due to basic internal "defects".
A.BIOLOGICAL POSITIVISM
It is the belief that these criminals and their
criminal behavior stem from "chemical
imbalances" or "abnormalities" within the brain
or the DNA due to basic internal "defects".
3.POSITIVIST SCHOOL
B. PSYCHOLOGICAL POSITIVISM
It is the concept that criminal acts or the
people doing said crimes do them because of
internal factors driving them. It recognizes the
internal factors are results of external factor
such as, but are not limited to, abusive parents,
abusive relationships, drug problems etc.
B. PSYCHOLOGICAL POSITIVISM
It is the concept that criminal acts or the
people doing said crimes do them because of
internal factors driving them. It recognizes the
internal factors are results of external factor
such as, but are not limited to, abusive parents,
abusive relationships, drug problems etc.
3.POSITIVIST SCHOOL
C. SOCIAL POSITIVISM / SOCIOLOGICAL POSITIVISM
It discusses the thought process that criminals are produced by
society. Basically, pointing a finger at the government and saying
that the following create and fuel criminals and crimes.
a.Low Income Levels
b.High Poverty/Unemployment Rates
c.Poor Educational Systems
It also suggests societal factors such as poverty, membership of
subcultures, or low levels of education can predispose people to
crime.
C. SOCIAL POSITIVISM / SOCIOLOGICAL POSITIVISM
It discusses the thought process that criminals are produced by
society. Basically, pointing a finger at the government and saying
that the following create and fuel criminals and crimes.
a.Low Income Levels
b.High Poverty/Unemployment Rates
c.Poor Educational Systems
It also suggests societal factors such as poverty, membership of
subcultures, or low levels of education can predispose people to
crime.
QUESTION
It is an act or omission in violation of the public law
commanding or forbidding it.
A.Crime
B.Offense
C.Felony
D.Infraction of Law
It is an act or omission in violation of the public law
commanding or forbidding it.
A.Crime
B.Offense
C.Felony
D.Infraction of Law
ANSWER
A. CRIME
A. CRIME
CRIME
•An act committed or omitted in violation of public law (Phil. Law
Dictionary).
•It also refers to an act committed or omitted in violation of a public
law forbidding or commanding it (Reyes 2006).
SUB-CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMES
a.FELONY- An act or omission punishable by law which is
committed by means or dolo (deceit) or culpa (fault) and punishable
under the Revised Penal Code.
b.OFFENSE- An act or omission in violation of a special law.
c.INFRACTION- An act or omission in violation of a city or municipal
ordinance.
d.DELINQUENCY- an act not in conformity with the norms of society
•An act committed or omitted in violation of public law (Phil. Law
Dictionary).
•It also refers to an act committed or omitted in violation of a public
law forbidding or commanding it (Reyes 2006).
SUB-CLASSIFICATION OF CRIMES
a.FELONY- An act or omission punishable by law which is
committed by means or dolo (deceit) or culpa (fault) and punishable
under the Revised Penal Code.
b.OFFENSE- An act or omission in violation of a special law.
c.INFRACTION- An act or omission in violation of a city or municipal
ordinance.
d.DELINQUENCY- an act not in conformity with the norms of society
Social NORMS
•These are unwritten rules of behavior that are
considered acceptable in a group or society.
•Norms function to provide order and
predictability in society.
•According to Williamson (2018), social norms will
guide individual behavior through the ways other
people think and act. These are the ways the
individual expects all the people to act in each
situation.
•These are unwritten rules of behavior that are
considered acceptable in a group or society.
•Norms function to provide order and
predictability in society.
•According to Williamson (2018), social norms will
guide individual behavior through the ways other
people think and act. These are the ways the
individual expects all the people to act in each
situation.
QUESTION
Infractions of mere rules of convenience designed to
secure a more orderly regulation of the affairs of the society.
A.Mala In Se
B.Mala Prohibita
C.Private Crimes
D.Public Crimes
Infractions of mere rules of convenience designed to
secure a more orderly regulation of the affairs of the society.
A.Mala In Se
B.Mala Prohibita
C.Private Crimes
D.Public Crimes
ANSWER
B. MALA PROHIBITA
B. MALA PROHIBITA
CLASSES OF CRIMES
1.Crime Mala In Se = acts that are outlawed because
they violate basic moral values such as rape, murder,
assault and robbery
a.Intentional felony (IFI)
b.Non-intentional felony (IFN)
2.Crime Mala Prohibita = acts that are outlawed
because they clash with current norms and public opinion,
such as tax, traffic and drug laws.
1.Crime Mala In Se = acts that are outlawed because
they violate basic moral values such as rape, murder,
assault and robbery
a.Intentional felony (IFI)
b.Non-intentional felony (IFN)
2.Crime Mala Prohibita = acts that are outlawed
because they clash with current norms and public opinion,
such as tax, traffic and drug laws.
QUESTION
Crimes are committed either by dolo or deceit or by ,
I.Culpa
II.Intent
III.Fault
A.I, and III
B.II and III
C.I and II
D.I, IIL and III
Crimes are committed either by dolo or deceit or by ,
I.Culpa
II.Intent
III.Fault
A.I, and III
B.II and III
C.I and II
D.I, IIL and III
ANSWER
A. I and III
A. I and III
Q
Crime has two basic elements: the guilty act (actus reus)
and the (mens rea)
A.Guilty Reason
B.Guilty offender
C.Guilty Conscience
D.Guilty mind
Crime has two basic elements: the guilty act (actus reus)
and the (mens rea)
A.Guilty Reason
B.Guilty offender
C.Guilty Conscience
D.Guilty mind
ANSWER
D. Guilty mind
D. Guilty mind
Q
What is a law that is applied retroactively to punish acts
that were not crimes before is passage?
A.Common Law
B.Contemporary law
C.Criminal law
D.Ex Post Facto law
What is a law that is applied retroactively to punish acts
that were not crimes before is passage?
A.Common Law
B.Contemporary law
C.Criminal law
D.Ex Post Facto law
ANSWER
D. Ex Post Facto law
D. Ex Post Facto law
LEGAL CLASSIFICATIONS:
According to the manner of committing crime:
a.By means of dolo or deceit – if the crime is committed
with deliberate intent. Thus, it is called intentional felonies.
b.By means of culpa or fault
•felonies committed by means of culpa (fault)
•the act or omission of the offender is not malicious and the
injury caused by the offender is unintentional, it being the
simply the incident of another act performed without
malice
According to the manner of committing crime:
a.By means of dolo or deceit – if the crime is committed
with deliberate intent. Thus, it is called intentional felonies.
b.By means of culpa or fault
•felonies committed by means of culpa (fault)
•the act or omission of the offender is not malicious and the
injury caused by the offender is unintentional, it being the
simply the incident of another act performed without
malice
Q
What stage of commission of crime was committed when
the offender commences the commission of a felony
directly or overt acts, and does not perform all the acts of
execution which should produce the felony by reason of
some cause or accident other than this own spontaneous
desistance?
A.Attempted Crime
B.Consummated Crime
C.Frustrated Crime
D.Complex Crime
What stage of commission of crime was committed when
the offender commences the commission of a felony
directly or overt acts, and does not perform all the acts of
execution which should produce the felony by reason of
some cause or accident other than this own spontaneous
desistance?
A.Attempted Crime
B.Consummated Crime
C.Frustrated Crime
D.Complex Crime
ANSWER
A. Attempted Crime
A. Attempted Crime
LEGAL CLASSIFICATIONS:
As to the stages in the commission:
a.Attempted – the crime is attempted when the offender
commences the commission of a felony directly or over acts, and
does not perform all the acts of execution which should produce
the felony by reason of some cause or accident other than this
own spontaneous desistance.
b.Frustrated - when the offender performs all the acts of
execution which would produce the felony as a consequence but
which, nevertheless do not produce it by reason of causes
independent of the will of the perpetrator.
c.Consummated - when all the elements necessary for its
accomplishment and execution are present.
As to the stages in the commission:
a.Attempted – the crime is attempted when the offender
commences the commission of a felony directly or over acts, and
does not perform all the acts of execution which should produce
the felony by reason of some cause or accident other than this
own spontaneous desistance.
b.Frustrated - when the offender performs all the acts of
execution which would produce the felony as a consequence but
which, nevertheless do not produce it by reason of causes
independent of the will of the perpetrator.
c.Consummated - when all the elements necessary for its
accomplishment and execution are present.
Q
The following are the elements of Dolo or deceit, EXCEPT:
A.Intelligence
B.Freedom
C.Intent
D.Negligence
The following are the elements of Dolo or deceit, EXCEPT:
A.Intelligence
B.Freedom
C.Intent
D.Negligence
ANSWER
D. Negligence
D. Negligence
LEGAL CLASSIFICATIONS:
As to plurality:
a.Simple Crime – is a single act constituting only
one offense.
b.Complex Crime – single act constituting two or
more grave felonies or an is a necessary means for
committing the other
As to plurality:
a.Simple Crime – is a single act constituting only
one offense.
b.Complex Crime – single act constituting two or
more grave felonies or an is a necessary means for
committing the other
Q
Alden, a victim of robbery, was able to identify his assailant,
a neighbour, before he dies on the way to the hospital
where he was declared dead on arrival. This crime is called:
A.Complex Crime
B.Instant Crime
C.Simple Crime
D.Situational Crime
Alden, a victim of robbery, was able to identify his assailant,
a neighbour, before he dies on the way to the hospital
where he was declared dead on arrival. This crime is called:
A.Complex Crime
B.Instant Crime
C.Simple Crime
D.Situational Crime
ANSWER
A. Complex Crime
A. Complex Crime
Q
Crimes are classified under the RPC according to gravity.
What crime to which the law attaches the capital
punishment or afflictive penalties?
A.Grave Felonies
B.Less Grave Felonies
C.Light Felonies
D.Complex Felonies
Crimes are classified under the RPC according to gravity.
What crime to which the law attaches the capital
punishment or afflictive penalties?
A.Grave Felonies
B.Less Grave Felonies
C.Light Felonies
D.Complex Felonies
ANSWER
A. Grave Felonies
A. Grave Felonies
LEGAL CLASSIFICATIONS:
a.Grave felonies - are those to which the law attaches the
capital punishment or penalties which in any of their period are
afflictive or fine more than 6000 pesos.
b.Less grave felonies - are those which the law punishes with
penalties which in their maximum period are correctional or fine
more than 2000 but less than 6000 pesos.
c.Light felonies - are infraction of laws for the commission of
which the penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200
pesos or both is provided.
a.Grave felonies - are those to which the law attaches the
capital punishment or penalties which in any of their period are
afflictive or fine more than 6000 pesos.
b.Less grave felonies - are those which the law punishes with
penalties which in their maximum period are correctional or fine
more than 2000 but less than 6000 pesos.
c.Light felonies - are infraction of laws for the commission of
which the penalty of arresto menor or a fine not exceeding 200
pesos or both is provided.
Q
ANSWER
A. ACQUISITIVE CRIME
A. ACQUISITIVE CRIME
CRIMINOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
1.According to the result of the crime:
a.Acquisitive crime – if the offender acquired or gained
something by committing the crime. Examples are robbery,
estafa, bribery, etc.
b.Destructive/Extinctive crime – if the crime resulted in
destruction, damage or even death. Examples are arson,
murder and homicide, damage to property, etc.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
1.According to the result of the crime:
a.Acquisitive crime – if the offender acquired or gained
something by committing the crime. Examples are robbery,
estafa, bribery, etc.
b.Destructive/Extinctive crime – if the crime resulted in
destruction, damage or even death. Examples are arson,
murder and homicide, damage to property, etc.
Q
ANSWER
B. SITUATIONAL CRIMES
B. SITUATIONAL CRIMES
CRIMINOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
2. According to the time or period of commission:
a.Seasonal crimes – are crimes that happen only during
a particular season or period of the year. Examples are
violation of election law, tax law violations, etc.
b.Situational crimes – are crimes committed when the
situation is conducive to the commission of the crime and
there is an opportunity to commit it. Examples are
pickpocketing, theft, etc.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
2. According to the time or period of commission:
a.Seasonal crimes – are crimes that happen only during
a particular season or period of the year. Examples are
violation of election law, tax law violations, etc.
b.Situational crimes – are crimes committed when the
situation is conducive to the commission of the crime and
there is an opportunity to commit it. Examples are
pickpocketing, theft, etc.
Q
ANSWER
D. EPISOIDAL CRIME
D. EPISOIDAL CRIME
CRIMINOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
3. According to the length of time of the commission:
a.Instant crimes – are those crimes that can be
committed in a very short time. Example: theft
b.Episoidal crimes – are crimes committed through series
of acts or episodes and in much longer time. Example:
serious illegal detention
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
3. According to the length of time of the commission:
a.Instant crimes – are those crimes that can be
committed in a very short time. Example: theft
b.Episoidal crimes – are crimes committed through series
of acts or episodes and in much longer time. Example:
serious illegal detention
CRIMINOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
4. According to place or location:
a.Static crimes – are committed only in one place.
examples are theft and robbery
b.Continuing crimes – are crimes that take place in
more than one place or several places. examples:
abduction, kidnapping, etc.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
4. According to place or location:
a.Static crimes – are committed only in one place.
examples are theft and robbery
b.Continuing crimes – are crimes that take place in
more than one place or several places. examples:
abduction, kidnapping, etc.
CRIMINOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
5. According to the use of mental faculties:
a.Rational crimes – when the offender is capable of
knowing what he is doing and understanding the
consequences of his actions.
b.Irrational Crimes – when the offender suffers from any
form of mental disorders, insanity or abnormality. Thus, the
offender doesn’t know what he is doing.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
5. According to the use of mental faculties:
a.Rational crimes – when the offender is capable of
knowing what he is doing and understanding the
consequences of his actions.
b.Irrational Crimes – when the offender suffers from any
form of mental disorders, insanity or abnormality. Thus, the
offender doesn’t know what he is doing.
CRIMINOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
6. According to the type of offender:
a.White Collar Crimes – crimes committed by those
persons belonging to the upper socio-economic status or in
the course of his occupational activities.
b.Blue Collar Crimes – are those crimes committed by
ordinary criminals as a means of livelihood.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
6. According to the type of offender:
a.White Collar Crimes – crimes committed by those
persons belonging to the upper socio-economic status or in
the course of his occupational activities.
b.Blue Collar Crimes – are those crimes committed by
ordinary criminals as a means of livelihood.
CRIMINOLOGICAL
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
UPPER WORLD AND UNDERWORLD CRIME
- Upper class of society/lower or under privilege class
CRIMES BY IMITATION
-Duplication of what was done by others
CRIMES BY PASSION
-Fit of great emotions
SERVICE CRIMES
- Rendition of service to satisfy desire of another
CLASSIFICATIONS OF CRIME
UPPER WORLD AND UNDERWORLD CRIME
- Upper class of society/lower or under privilege class
CRIMES BY IMITATION
-Duplication of what was done by others
CRIMES BY PASSION
-Fit of great emotions
SERVICE CRIMES
- Rendition of service to satisfy desire of another
OTHER TYPES OF CRIMES
•Bias crime - violent acts directed toward a
particular person or members of a group merely
because the targets share a discernible racial,
ethnic, religious or gender characteristics. Also
called hate crimes.
•Bias crime - violent acts directed toward a
particular person or members of a group merely
because the targets share a discernible racial,
ethnic, religious or gender characteristics. Also
called hate crimes.
Q
ANSWER
A. HATE CRIME
A. HATE CRIME
OTHER TYPES OF CRIMES
Cleared crimes - two ways by which crimes are
cleared:
(1) when at least one person arrested, charge, and
turned over to the court for prosecution,
(2) by exception means, when some element
beyond police control precludes the physical arrest
of an offender e.g. when he/she leaves the country.
Cleared crimes - two ways by which crimes are
cleared:
(1) when at least one person arrested, charge, and
turned over to the court for prosecution,
(2) by exception means, when some element
beyond police control precludes the physical arrest
of an offender e.g. when he/she leaves the country.
Q
ANSWER
C. CORPORATE
C. CORPORATE
OTHER TYPES OF CRIME
Corporate crimes – A white collar crime involving a legal
violation by corporate entity such as price fixing, restraint of
trade, or hazardous waste dumping.
Crime of reduction - crimes that are committed when the
offended party experiences a loss of some quality relative
to his her present standing such as when they becomes
victims of robbery or theft, but they may also be victimized if
their dignity is stripped from them when they are taunted by
racists.
Corporate crimes – A white collar crime involving a legal
violation by corporate entity such as price fixing, restraint of
trade, or hazardous waste dumping.
Crime of reduction - crimes that are committed when the
offended party experiences a loss of some quality relative
to his her present standing such as when they becomes
victims of robbery or theft, but they may also be victimized if
their dignity is stripped from them when they are taunted by
racists.
OTHER TYPES OF CRIME
Crime of repression = crimes that are committed when
members of a group are prevented from achieving their
fullest potential because of racism, sexism, or some status
bias.
Cyber crime = the commission of criminal acts using the
instruments of modern technology such as computers or the
internet.
Economical crime = an act in violation of the criminal that is
designed to bring financial gain to the offender.
Crime of repression = crimes that are committed when
members of a group are prevented from achieving their
fullest potential because of racism, sexism, or some status
bias.
Cyber crime = the commission of criminal acts using the
instruments of modern technology such as computers or the
internet.
Economical crime = an act in violation of the criminal that is
designed to bring financial gain to the offender.
OTHER TYPES OF CRIME
Enterprise crime = the use of illegal tactics by a
business to make profits in the market place.
Expressive crime = a crime that has no purpose
except to accomplish the behavioral hand such as
shooting someone.
Enterprise crime = the use of illegal tactics by a
business to make profits in the market place.
Expressive crime = a crime that has no purpose
except to accomplish the behavioral hand such as
shooting someone.
OTHER TYPES OF CRIME
Hate crime = act of violence or intimidation design to
terrorize or frighten people considered undesirable
because of their race, religion, ethnic origin, or sexual
orientation.
Inchoate crime = incomplete or contemplated crimes
such as criminal solicitation or criminal attempts.
Mission hate crimes = violent crimes committed by
disturbed individuals who see it as their duty to rid the
world of evil.
Hate crime = act of violence or intimidation design to
terrorize or frighten people considered undesirable
because of their race, religion, ethnic origin, or sexual
orientation.
Inchoate crime = incomplete or contemplated crimes
such as criminal solicitation or criminal attempts.
Mission hate crimes = violent crimes committed by
disturbed individuals who see it as their duty to rid the
world of evil.
OTHER TYPES OF CRIME
Organizational crimes = crimes that involves large
corporations and their efforts to control the market
place and earn huge profits, through unlawful bidding,
unfair advertising, monopolistic practices, or other illegal
means.
Organized crimes = illegal activities of people and
organization whose acknowledge purpose is profit to
illegitimate business enterprise.
Organizational crimes = crimes that involves large
corporations and their efforts to control the market
place and earn huge profits, through unlawful bidding,
unfair advertising, monopolistic practices, or other illegal
means.
Organized crimes = illegal activities of people and
organization whose acknowledge purpose is profit to
illegitimate business enterprise.
OTHER TYPES OF CRIME
Public order crimes = Acts that are considered illegal
because they threaten general well- being of society and
challenge its accepted moral principles. Prostitution, drug
use, and the sale of pornography are considered public
order crimes.
Reactive hate crime = perpetrators believe they are taking
a defensive stand against outsiders who they believe
threaten their community or way of life.
Retaliatory hate crime = offense committed in response to a
hate crime, real or perceived.
Public order crimes = Acts that are considered illegal
because they threaten general well- being of society and
challenge its accepted moral principles. Prostitution, drug
use, and the sale of pornography are considered public
order crimes.
Reactive hate crime = perpetrators believe they are taking
a defensive stand against outsiders who they believe
threaten their community or way of life.
Retaliatory hate crime = offense committed in response to a
hate crime, real or perceived.
OTHER TYPES OF CRIME
Statutory crimes =crimes defined by legislative bodies in
response to changing social conditions, public opinion,
and custom.
Trill-seeking hate crime = hatemonger who join forces to
have fun by bashing minorities or destroying property;
inflicting pain on others gives a sadistic thrill.
Statutory crimes =crimes defined by legislative bodies in
response to changing social conditions, public opinion,
and custom.
Trill-seeking hate crime = hatemonger who join forces to
have fun by bashing minorities or destroying property;
inflicting pain on others gives a sadistic thrill.
OTHER TYPES OF CRIME
Victimless crimes = that violate the moral order but in
which there in no actual victim or target in these crimes
which include drug abuse and sex offenses. It is society
as a whole and not an individual who is considered the
victim.
White – collar crimes = illegal acts that capitalize on a
person’s status in the market place. It may involve theft,
embezzlement, fraud, market manipulation restraint of
trade, and false advertising.
Victimless crimes = that violate the moral order but in
which there in no actual victim or target in these crimes
which include drug abuse and sex offenses. It is society
as a whole and not an individual who is considered the
victim.
White – collar crimes = illegal acts that capitalize on a
person’s status in the market place. It may involve theft,
embezzlement, fraud, market manipulation restraint of
trade, and false advertising.
OTHER TERMS REFERRING TO
CRIME
I.Crime of Rape
1.acquaintance rape = forcible sex in which
offender and the victim are acquitted with one
another
2.aggravated rape = rape involving multiple
offenders, weapons and victim injuries.
3.date rape = forcible sex during the courting
relationship.
CRIME
I.Crime of Rape
1.acquaintance rape = forcible sex in which
offender and the victim are acquitted with one
another
2.aggravated rape = rape involving multiple
offenders, weapons and victim injuries.
3.date rape = forcible sex during the courting
relationship.
OTHER TERMS REFERRING TO
CRIME
4.gang rape = forcible sex involving multiple
attacker.
5.marital rape = forcible sex between people
who are legally married to each other.
6.serial rape =multiple rapes committed by one
person over time.
7.statutory rape = sexual relations between an
underage minor females and an adult male.
CRIME
4.gang rape = forcible sex involving multiple
attacker.
5.marital rape = forcible sex between people
who are legally married to each other.
6.serial rape =multiple rapes committed by one
person over time.
7.statutory rape = sexual relations between an
underage minor females and an adult male.
OTHER TERMS REFERRING TO
CRIME
II.Crime of killing
1.Homicide = the killing of human being by another.
2.Parricide = the act of killing one’s own father, mother,
spouse, or child.
3.Infanticide = killing of an infant less than 3 days old.
4.Sororicide = killing one’s own sister.
5.Fracticide = killing of one’s own brother.
CRIME
II.Crime of killing
1.Homicide = the killing of human being by another.
2.Parricide = the act of killing one’s own father, mother,
spouse, or child.
3.Infanticide = killing of an infant less than 3 days old.
4.Sororicide = killing one’s own sister.
5.Fracticide = killing of one’s own brother.
OTHER TERMS REFERRING TO
CRIME
6.Matricide = killing of a mother by her own child.
7.Patricide = killing of a father by his own child.
8.Uxoricide = act of one who murders his wife.
9.Eldercide = the murder of a senior citizen.
10.Abortion (aborticide) = an act of destroying (killing) a
fetus in the womb.
11.Suicide = taking one’s own life voluntarily and
intentionally.
CRIME
6.Matricide = killing of a mother by her own child.
7.Patricide = killing of a father by his own child.
8.Uxoricide = act of one who murders his wife.
9.Eldercide = the murder of a senior citizen.
10.Abortion (aborticide) = an act of destroying (killing) a
fetus in the womb.
11.Suicide = taking one’s own life voluntarily and
intentionally.
OTHER TERMS REFERRING TO
CRIME
12.Regicide = the killing or murder of a king
13.Vaticide = the killing of a prophet.
14.Euthanasia = mercy killing or the act or practice of painless
putting to death a person’s suffering from incurable and
distressing disease.
15.Involuntary manslaughter = a homicide that occurs as a
result of acts that are negligent and without regard for the harm
they may cause others, such as driving while under the influence
of liquor or drugs. (also known as negligent manslaughter).
CRIME
12.Regicide = the killing or murder of a king
13.Vaticide = the killing of a prophet.
14.Euthanasia = mercy killing or the act or practice of painless
putting to death a person’s suffering from incurable and
distressing disease.
15.Involuntary manslaughter = a homicide that occurs as a
result of acts that are negligent and without regard for the harm
they may cause others, such as driving while under the influence
of liquor or drugs. (also known as negligent manslaughter).
OTHER TERMS REFERRING TO
CRIME
16.Voluntary manslaughter = a homicide committed in the
heat of passion or during a sudden quarrel; although intent may
be present, malice is not.
17.Mass murder = the killing of a large number of people in
single incident by an offender who is typically does not seek
concealment or escape.
18.Murder = the unlawful killing of human being with malicious
intent.
19.Serial Murder = the killing of large number of people over
time by offender who seek to escape detection.
CRIME
16.Voluntary manslaughter = a homicide committed in the
heat of passion or during a sudden quarrel; although intent may
be present, malice is not.
17.Mass murder = the killing of a large number of people in
single incident by an offender who is typically does not seek
concealment or escape.
18.Murder = the unlawful killing of human being with malicious
intent.
19.Serial Murder = the killing of large number of people over
time by offender who seek to escape detection.
OTHER TERMS REFERRING TO
CRIME
III.Crimes against Property
a.Acquaintance against robbery = robbery who focus their theft
on people they know.
a.Arson = the intentional or negligent burning of a home, structure,
or vehicle for criminal purpose such as profit, revenge, fraud or crime
concealment.
b.Arson for profit = people looking to collect insurance money, but
who afraid or unafraid to set the fire themselves, hire professional
arsonist.
c.Arson fraud = a business owner burns his or her property, or hires
someone to do it, to escape financial problem.
CRIME
III.Crimes against Property
a.Acquaintance against robbery = robbery who focus their theft
on people they know.
a.Arson = the intentional or negligent burning of a home, structure,
or vehicle for criminal purpose such as profit, revenge, fraud or crime
concealment.
b.Arson for profit = people looking to collect insurance money, but
who afraid or unafraid to set the fire themselves, hire professional
arsonist.
c.Arson fraud = a business owner burns his or her property, or hires
someone to do it, to escape financial problem.
OTHER TERMS REFERRING TO
CRIME
d.Burglary = braking into and entering a home or structure for
the purpose of committing a felony.
e.Carjacking = theft of a car by force or threat of force.
f.Churning = a white collar crime in which a stockbroker
makes repeated trades to fraudulently increase his/her
commission.
g.Commercial theft = business theft that is part of the criminal
law; without such laws the free enterprise system could not exists.
h.Grand larceny = theft of money or property of substantial
values, punished as a felony.
CRIME
d.Burglary = braking into and entering a home or structure for
the purpose of committing a felony.
e.Carjacking = theft of a car by force or threat of force.
f.Churning = a white collar crime in which a stockbroker
makes repeated trades to fraudulently increase his/her
commission.
g.Commercial theft = business theft that is part of the criminal
law; without such laws the free enterprise system could not exists.
h.Grand larceny = theft of money or property of substantial
values, punished as a felony.
OTHER TERMS REFERRING TO
CRIME
i.Larceny = taking for one’s own use the property of another,
by means other than force or threats on the victim or forcibly
breaking into a person’s home or workplace; theft.
j.Petit (petty) larceny = theft of a small amount of money or
property, punished as a misdemeanor.
k.Pilferage = theft by employees through stealth or deception.
l.Robbery = taking or attempting to take something of value
by force or threat of force and /or by putting the victim in fear.
m.Shoplifting = the taking of goods from retailed store.
CRIME
i.Larceny = taking for one’s own use the property of another,
by means other than force or threats on the victim or forcibly
breaking into a person’s home or workplace; theft.
j.Petit (petty) larceny = theft of a small amount of money or
property, punished as a misdemeanor.
k.Pilferage = theft by employees through stealth or deception.
l.Robbery = taking or attempting to take something of value
by force or threat of force and /or by putting the victim in fear.
m.Shoplifting = the taking of goods from retailed store.
MEASURING CRIME
The following are the major sources of crime measurement:
1.Official Statistics- these are official government records
of the total number of crimes reported to the police and
recorded in official figures.
UNIFORM CRIME REPORT (UCR)- best known and widely
cited sources of official criminal statistics.
2.Victim surveys- also called as DARK or GREY FIGURE OF
CRIME
3.Offender surveys
The following are the major sources of crime measurement:
1.Official Statistics- these are official government records
of the total number of crimes reported to the police and
recorded in official figures.
UNIFORM CRIME REPORT (UCR)- best known and widely
cited sources of official criminal statistics.
2.Victim surveys- also called as DARK or GREY FIGURE OF
CRIME
3.Offender surveys
CRIMINAL
•Legal sense - a criminal is any person who has
been found to have committed a wrongful act in
the course of the standard judicial process; there
must be a final verdict of his guilt.
•Criminological sense - a person is already
considered a criminal the moment he committed
a crime.
•Legal sense - a criminal is any person who has
been found to have committed a wrongful act in
the course of the standard judicial process; there
must be a final verdict of his guilt.
•Criminological sense - a person is already
considered a criminal the moment he committed
a crime.
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF
CRIMINALS
1.According to etiology
a.Acute criminal – is a person who committed crime as a
result of reacting to a situation or during a moment of anger or
burst of feeling.
b.Chronic criminal – is one who committed a crime with intent
or deliberated thinking.
1.Neurotic criminal – is one who has anti-social components
of his personality.
2.Normal criminal – a person who commits crimes because he
looks up to, idolizes people who are criminals.
CRIMINALS
1.According to etiology
a.Acute criminal – is a person who committed crime as a
result of reacting to a situation or during a moment of anger or
burst of feeling.
b.Chronic criminal – is one who committed a crime with intent
or deliberated thinking.
1.Neurotic criminal – is one who has anti-social components
of his personality.
2.Normal criminal – a person who commits crimes because he
looks up to, idolizes people who are criminals.
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF
CRIMINALS
2.On the basis of behavioral system:
a. Ordinary criminals –require limited skill.
b.Organized criminals - high degree of
organization
c.Professional criminals –highly skilled
CRIMINALS
2.On the basis of behavioral system:
a. Ordinary criminals –require limited skill.
b.Organized criminals - high degree of
organization
c.Professional criminals –highly skilled
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF
CRIMINALS
3.According to criminal activities:
a.Professional criminal – a criminal who earns his living through
criminal activities.
b.Situational criminal – a person who got involved in criminal
act because the situation presented itself.
c.Habitual criminal – one who repeatedly commits criminal
act for different reasons.
d.Accidental criminal – a person who accidentally violated
the law due to some circumstances.
CRIMINALS
3.According to criminal activities:
a.Professional criminal – a criminal who earns his living through
criminal activities.
b.Situational criminal – a person who got involved in criminal
act because the situation presented itself.
c.Habitual criminal – one who repeatedly commits criminal
act for different reasons.
d.Accidental criminal – a person who accidentally violated
the law due to some circumstances.
GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF
CRIMINALS
4.Criminal classified as a basis of mental attitudes
a.Active aggressive criminal– those who commit crime due to
the aggressive behavior of the offender. Such attitude is clearly
shown in crimes of passion, revenge and resentments.
b.Passive inadequate criminal– those who commit crimes
because they are pushed to it by inducement, by reward or
promise without considering its consequence.
c.Socialized delinquent– those who are normal in their behavior
but merely defective in their socialization processes or
development
CRIMINALS
4.Criminal classified as a basis of mental attitudes
a.Active aggressive criminal– those who commit crime due to
the aggressive behavior of the offender. Such attitude is clearly
shown in crimes of passion, revenge and resentments.
b.Passive inadequate criminal– those who commit crimes
because they are pushed to it by inducement, by reward or
promise without considering its consequence.
c.Socialized delinquent– those who are normal in their behavior
but merely defective in their socialization processes or
development
Which comes first?
Law or Crime?
Law or Crime?
PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL LAW
•Criminal law defines crimes
•Criminal law treats the nature of crime
•Crimnal law provides punishment for a crime
•Criminal law defines crimes
•Criminal law treats the nature of crime
•Crimnal law provides punishment for a crime
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRIMINAL
LAW
1.Generality – binding on all people who live or
sojourn in the Philippines.
2.Territoriality - laws apply within the Philippine
territory only with the exceptions provided under
Article two (2) of the RPC.
3.Prospectivity – laws cannot punish previous
crimes committed after a law is enacted.
LAW
1.Generality – binding on all people who live or
sojourn in the Philippines.
2.Territoriality - laws apply within the Philippine
territory only with the exceptions provided under
Article two (2) of the RPC.
3.Prospectivity – laws cannot punish previous
crimes committed after a law is enacted.
PENOLOGY
üPenology - It is concerned with the control
and prevention of crime and the treatment
of youthful offenders.
üStudy of punishment for crime or of criminal
offenders. It includes the study of control and
prevention of crime through punishment of
criminal offneders.
üPenology - It is concerned with the control
and prevention of crime and the treatment
of youthful offenders.
üStudy of punishment for crime or of criminal
offenders. It includes the study of control and
prevention of crime through punishment of
criminal offneders.
PENOLOGY
üIt is a term derived from the latin word
“poena” which means pain or suffering.
üPenologist - A person who studies the
science or art of punishment.
üIt is a term derived from the latin word
“poena” which means pain or suffering.
üPenologist - A person who studies the
science or art of punishment.
VICTIMOLOGY
•scientific study of victimization including the
relationships between victims and offenders, the
interactions between victims and the criminal
justice system that is, the police and courts, and
corrections officials-and the connections between
victims and other societal groups and institutions,
such as the media, businesses, and social
movements.
•scientific study of victimization including the
relationships between victims and offenders, the
interactions between victims and the criminal
justice system that is, the police and courts, and
corrections officials-and the connections between
victims and other societal groups and institutions,
such as the media, businesses, and social
movements.
SHARING OF
LEARNING INSIGHTS
LEARNING INSIGHTS
TIPS TO SUCCESFULLY PASS THE
LICENSURE EXAMINATION
üPREPARE- READ AND COMPREHEND
üMAKE YOUR OWN REVIEW SCHEDULE
üKNOW WHAT SUITS YOU BEST
üBE DISCIPLINED, PATIENT, AND PERSEVERANT
üSEAL OFF YOUR NEGATIVE TRAITS
üGO BEYOND YOUR LIMITATIONS
üASK FOR DIVINE INTERVENTION
LICENSURE EXAMINATION
üPREPARE- READ AND COMPREHEND
üMAKE YOUR OWN REVIEW SCHEDULE
üKNOW WHAT SUITS YOU BEST
üBE DISCIPLINED, PATIENT, AND PERSEVERANT
üSEAL OFF YOUR NEGATIVE TRAITS
üGO BEYOND YOUR LIMITATIONS
üASK FOR DIVINE INTERVENTION
“Success is no accident. It is hard work, perseverance,
learning, studying, sacrifice and most of all, love of what
you are doing or learning to do.”
•― Pelé, Brazillian pro footballer
“There are no secrets to success. It is the result of
preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.”
― General Colin Powell, former US Secretary of State
learning, studying, sacrifice and most of all, love of what
you are doing or learning to do.”
•― Pelé, Brazillian pro footballer
“There are no secrets to success. It is the result of
preparation, hard work, and learning from failure.”
― General Colin Powell, former US Secretary of State
THANK YOU!!!
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