IPC 441-457.ppt

Offences against Property

1. INDIAN PENAL CODE
OFFENCES AGAINST
PROPERTY (IPC SEC 441-456)

2. X unlawfully and without Y's permission enters Y's house to
steal his grandfather's antique watch
Tell whether X has committed any offence or not . If yes,
what offence did he commit?
WARMING UP

3. Attheendofthesession,the
participantswillbeabletoexplain:-
Criminal Trespass
House trespass
House breaking
Lurking House trespass
Punishments of various Trespass
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

4. RIGHT RELATED TO PROPERTY
AftertheIndianIndependence,therightto
propertywasincludedasa‘fundamentalright’
underArticle19(1)(f)
However,itwasfeltthattherighttopropertyasa
fundamentalrightwasagreatimpedimentto
acquireprivatepropertyforpublicpurposes,
particularly,expansionofrail,roadandindustries
etc.

5. RIGHT RELATED TO PROPERTY
SupremeCourt-FundamentalRightsCase(1978)
heldthattherighttopropertyisnopartofthebasic
structureoftheconstitution.
Parliament passed the Constitution
44thAmendment (1978)whichmaderightto
propertyanordinarylegalrightunderArticle300-A.
The State can acquire a person’s property for public
purpose on payment of compensation according to
Law.

6. RIGHT RELATED TO PROPERTY
Everyindividualhasthefullrightofenjoymentof
theirpropertywithoutanydisturbance,thatiswhy
trespasswasmadeanoffenceunderIPC.
Eventhoughtrespassisaordinarilyacivilwrong,
butwhensuchtrespassoccurswithacriminal
intentionitamounttocriminaltrespass.

7. Whoever enters into or upon property in the
possession of another with the intent to:-
Commitan offenceor
Insult, Intimidateor Annoy
Any person in possession of the property or
Having lawfully entered into such place, unlawfully
remains therewith intent to intimidate, insult or annoy
or with intent to commit an offenceis said to commit
Criminal Trespass
CRIMINAL TRESPASS
SEC –441

8. For instance, X unlawfully and without Y's permission
enters Y's house to steal his grandfather's antique
watch, X would liable for theft as well as criminal
trespass.
X throws garbage outside Y's house on a daily basis,
in this case, X may be liable for nuisance (IPC 208)
but he has not committed criminal trespass as there
is no entry by X into Y's property.
CRIMINAL TRESPASS
SEC –441

9. Whoever commits Criminal trespass shall be
punished with imprisonment up to
3 MONTHS AND/OR FINE (RS 500/-)
CRIMINAL TRESPASS SEC –
447

10. Whoever commits criminal trespassby entering
into or remaining in any building, tentor vessel
used as
Human dwelling or
Any building used as a place of worship or
A place for the custody of property
Is said to commit House Trespass
HOUSE TRESPASS
SEC –442

11. HOUSE-TRESPASS-
Punishment–
oneyearand/orfine(Rs.1000/-)
SEC –448

12. LURKING HOUSE -
TRESPASS SEC –443
Whoever commits house-trespasshaving taken
precautions to
Conceal such house-trespass from some person
who has a right to exclude or eject the trespasser
from the building, tent or vesselwhich is the
subject of the trespass, is said to commit
“LurkingHouse-Trespass”.
Note:-Unlessactivestepsaretakenbytheaccusedto
concealhispresence,nochargeunderthissectioncan
bemade.PrembahadurvsStateokSikkim1977

13. LURKINGHOUSE–TRESPASSORHOUSE–BREAKING
PUNISHMENT
02YEARSANDFINE
SEC –453

14. Whoever commits lurking house -trespassafter
sunsetand before sunrise, is said to commit
“lurkinghouse–trespassbynight’’.
LURKING HOUSE -TRESPASS BY
NIGHT-SEC –444

15. Lurking house trespass by night or house breaking by
night
Upto3yearsandfine
SEC –456

16. LERNING RE-INFORMENT
Whoevercommitscriminaltrespassbyenteringinto
orremaininginanybuilding,tentor----------iscalled
-----------------trespass.
Committinghousetrespassbyexposingselfiscalled
lurkinghousetrespass.(True/False)

17. Apersonissaidtocommithousebreakingifhecommits
housetrespasseffectingentryorexitinthefollowing(6)
ways:-
throughapassagemadebyhimselforabettor
throughapassagenotforhumanentranceorby
scalingover/climbingwallorbuilding
throughapassageopenedbyhimselfnotintendedby
theoccupiertobeopened
HOUSE-BREAKING
SEC –445

18. By opening a lock
By using criminal forceor by committing assault or
by threatening any person (Assaulting a guard/door
keeper for entry or exit)
Through a passage which is fastened against such
entrance or departure.
HOUSE-BREAKING SEC –
445

19. 19

20. A finds the key of Z's house-door, which had lost,
and commits house-trespass by entering Z's
house, having opened the door with the key. This
is
A. House Trespass
B. House Breaking
C. Theft
D. Mischief
20

21. LURKINGHOUSE–TRESPASSORHOUSE
–BREAKING
PUNISHMENT
02YEARSANDFINE
SEC –453

22. Whoevercommitshouse–breakingaftersunsetandbefore
sunriseissaidtocommitHouseBreakingbyNight
HOUSE-BREAKING BY
NIGHT SEC –446

23. Lurking house trespass by night or house breaking by
night
Upto3yearsandfine
SEC –456

24. Whoevercommitshouse-trespass,having
madepreparationforcausinghurt,
assaulting,wrongfullyrestrainingorfor
puttingpersoninfearofhurt,orofassault,
orofwrongfulrestraint,
shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmay
extendtosevenyears,andshallalsobe
liabletofine
HOUSE-TRESPASS ALTER PREPARATION FOR HURT, ASSAULT
OR WRONGFUL RESTRAINT
SEC –452

25. Whoevercommitshouse-trespassinordertothe
committingofanyoffencepunishablewithdeath,shall
bepunishedwithimprisonmentforlife,orwith
rigorousimprisonmentforatermnotexceedingten
years,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
HOUSE-TRESPASS IN ORDER TO COMMIT OFFENCE
PUNISHABLE WITH DEATH
SEC –449

26. Whoevercommitshouse-trespassinordertothe
committingofanyoffencepunishablewith
imprisonmentforlife,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforatermnot
exceedingtenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine
HOUSE-TRESPASS IN ORDER TO COMMIT OFFENCE
PUNISHABLE WITH IMPRISONMENT FOR LIFE
SEC –450

27. Whoevercommitshouse-trespassinordertothe
committingofanyoffencepunishablewith
imprisonment,shallbepunishedwithimprisonmentof
eitherdescriptionforatermwhichmayextendtotwo
years,andshallalsobeliabletofine;andiftheoffence
intendedtobecommittedistheft,thetermofthe
imprisonmentmaybeextendedtosevenyears.
HOUSE-TRESPASS IN ORDER TO COMMIT OFFENCE
PUNISHABLE WITH IMPRISONMENT
SEC –451

28. Whoevercommitslurkinghouse-trespassor
house-breaking,inordertothecommitting
ofanyoffencepunishablewith
imprisonment,shallbepunishedwith
imprisonmentofeitherdescriptionforaterm
whichmayextendtothreeyears,andshall
alsobeliabletofine;andiftheoffence
intendedtobecommittedistheft,theterm
oftheimprisonmentmaybeextendedtoten
years.
LURKING HOUSE -TRESPASS OR HOUSE -BREAKING IN
ORDER TO COMMIT OFFENCE PUNISHABLE WITH
IMPRISONMENT SEC –454

29. Whoevercommitslurkinghouse-trespass,
orhouse-breaking,havingmade
preparationforcausinghurt,assaulting,
wrongfullyrestraininganyperson,orfor
puttinganypersoninfearofhurtorof
assaultorofwrongfulrestraint,shallbe
punishedwithimprisonmentofeither
descriptionoratermwhichmayextendto
tenyears,andshallalsobeliabletofine.
LURKING HOUSE -TRESPASS OR HOUSE -BREAKING
AFTER PREPARATION FOR HURT, ASSAULT OR
WRONGFUL RESTRAINT SEC –455

30. LERNING RE-INFORMENT
Lurking house trespass or house breaking by night in order
to commit offence is punishable with imprisonment
1.3yearsandfine
2.6yearsandfine
3.7yearsandfine
4.8yearsandfine

31. CONCLUSION
TODAYWEDISCUSSED
Criminal Trespass
House trespass
House breaking
Lurking House trespass
Punishments of various Trespass