IPv6: Unlocking the Potential, presented by Paul Wilson at CommunicAsia 2024

Paul Wilson, Director General of APNIC, presented on unlocking the potential of IPv6 at CommunicAsia 2024 held in Singapore from 29 to 31 May 2024.

1. 1
IPv6: Unlocking the Potential
Asia Tech x Singapore 2024
Paul Wilson

2. 2
RIP
IPv4
1983 –
after a
long illness
One of these days…

3. 3
The long illness…
APNIC internalhttp://www.potaroo.net/tools/ipv4

4. 44
IPv4 on life support…
•IANA pool expired in 2011
–RIR regional supplies followed (2012 to 2017)
–Only APNIC has remaining supply (after reclamation in 2023)
•Delaying the inevitable…
–Address sharing, Network Address Translation (NAT), CGNAT
–RIR-registered transfers (sales or leases)
•Trading in the remains…
–Purchase and leasing
–Chaotic white/grey/black markets
–Price: 10 to 1,000x the price of registration

5. 5
Extn 202
Public
Private
02 6262 9898
Address sharing and NAT
Phone
Network
PBX
Internet
202.12.29.32
NAT
192.168.1.1

6. 6
Internet
NAT
192.168.1.1
Carrier Grade NAT (CGN)
1Gb / user per month
$40 / user per year
+Y ms latency
+X ms latency
CGN
10.0.0.202
202.12.29.32

7. 7
Hence IPv6…

8. 88
IPv6 address space
•IPv4: 32-bit address
–2
32
= 4,294,967,296
–The number of stars in the
observable universe
•IPv6: 128-bit address
–2
128
=
340,282,366,920,938,463,463,37
4,607,431,768,211,456
–Each of those stars contains an
entire IPv4 Internet

9. 99
Latency: IPv4 v IPv6
12ms
1ms
4.3ms
- 5.5ms
3.7ms
2.8ms
6.8ms

10. 10
Latency: Global routing
IPv4
IPv6
200,000
1,000,000

11. 1111
Latency: Global routing
IPv4 IPv6

12. 12
Latency: Global routing
AS Path length – Global average

13. 1313
IPv4 market price
https://auctions.ipv4.global/prior-sales
Peak: $60 / address
Today: ~$30 / address

14. 14
The good news

15. 1515
Good news…
43% IPv6 capability in Asia
https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6

16. 1616
More good news….
https://www.google.com/intl/en/ipv6/statistics.html
45% of Google traffic

17. 1717
The global picture
https://stats.labs.apnic.net/ipv6
79%
44%
43%
49%
56%
33%
34%

18. 1818
IPv6 population – Top 20
Rank 2015 % 2024 %
1 Belgium 45% India 76%
2 Switzerland 28% Belgium 69%
3 United States of America 26% France 66%
4 Germany 25% Saudi Arabia 65%
5 Portugal 18% Germany 63%
6 Luxembourg 17% Greece 60%
7 Greece 17% Uruguay 60%
8 Estonia 17% Malaysia 59%
9 Japan 16% Israel 57%
10 Peru 15% United States of America 53%
11 Czech Republic 11% Puerto Rico 51%
12 Norway 10% Vietnam 51%
13 Malaysia 10% Taiwan 50%
14 Romania 10% Mexico 49%
15 Singapore 10% Finland 49%
16 France 6% Netherlands 49%
17 Ecuador 6% Luxembourg 48%
18 Brazil 6% Japan 47%
19 Finland 6% Sri Lanka 47%
20 Austria 6% Hungary 47%

19. 1919
And more…
https://www.akamai.com/blog/trends/10-years-since-world-ipv6-launch

20. 20
IPv6 Drivers

21. 2121
What drives deployment?
•Motivations
–Supply of addresses: numbering, management, mergers
–Cost of IPv4 (USD $50/address) vs cost of IPv6 (miniscule)
–Cost of IPv4 NAT (USD $40/user/year?) vs no cost for native IPv6
–Efficiency of technology and routing -> Lower latency
–Competition and the network effect
•Doubts
–Human capacity
–Business risks, security and other FUD…
–… natural resistance to change.

22. 2222
IPv6 Competition (India)

23. 2323
Case: Akamai
•All CDN customers receive IPv6
•AbemaTV, Japan (streaming video)
–“…throughput improved by an average of 38% compared to IPv4, and
by 67% [during] nighttime”.
•Enterprise adoption is slow but…
–“As Enterprises grow and have acquisitions and different business
units, Private IPv4 space becomes increasingly unwieldy.Using Zero
Trust models with a flat IPv6 global namespace is much easier to
manage.” –Erik Nygren, 2014

24. 2424
Case: AWS
•Amazon now charges for public IPv4 space
–$0.005/address/hour
–x 24 x 356 = $42 / annum
–IPv6 is now free of charge
•Netflix
–Delivery via IPv6 since 2021
•Business case for IPv6
–“If you don’t have IPv6 on your edge, you’re penalizing your customers”.
–“What I want is a simple flat network that’s just transport, and NATs have
broken that model” – Donavan Fritz, 2021

25. 2525
Follow the leaders
•USA
–DoD and DoC transitions to be completed EOY 2025
•China, Viet Nam
–100% national deployment by EOY 2025
•Czech Republic
–100% government services on IPv6 only from 6/6/2032
•India
–All government networks enable IPv6 during 2024

26. 26
Finally…

27. 2727
The benefits…
•IP Address supply and cost
•Latency
•Address management
–“set and forget” address planning
–Ready for merger or acquisition
•Future proof
–Growth
–Innovation
–Risk mitigation (IPv4 swamp)

28. 28

29. 29
2
9

30. 30
3
0

31. 3131

32. 3232
Where are we on the IPv6 curve?
3
2
0%
100%
?

33. 3333
Where are YOU on the IPv6 curve?
3
3
0%
100%
?

34. 34
More about APNIC

35. 3535
APNIC
•The RIR for the Asia Pacific region, since 1993
–For a ”Global, Open, Stable and Secure Internet”
•Delegates and manages Internet
number resources
–IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
–AS numbers
•Agency for Internet development
–Training, infrastructure, advocacy
•Membership-based, not-for-profit
–Community self-regulatory body
–Open, Neutral, Transparent, Trusted

36. 3636
apnic.foundation

37. 37 37
isif.asia

38. 3838
arena-pac.net

39. 39
That’s all folks!
Questions?
https://www.apnic.net/ipv6
IPv6 at APNIC