iron def anemia (2)-1.pptx pediatric lectures

Iron-deficiency anemia is anemia caused by a lack of iron. Anemia is defined as a decrease in the number of red blood cells or the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. When onset is slow, symptoms are often vague such as feeling tired, weak, short of breath, or having decreased ability to exercise.

1. IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA BY : Nimra Saleem Hafiza Aimen humaira

2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES DEFINITION OF ANEMIA IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA ETIOLOGY CLINICAL FINDINGS DIAGNOSIS PREVENTION MANAGEMENT

3. ANEMIA Anemia is defined as decreased hemoglobin level in the blood below the reference level for the age and gender of individual. Its not a disease itself but a symptom of another disease CLASSIFICATION Microcytic Anemia Macrocytic Anemia Normocytic Anemia

4. IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA It is a disorder characterized by iron deficiency resulting in microcytic hypochromic anemia. Most common hematological disorder of infancy and childhood. Iron plays a major role in human body including oxygen transport and growth of body. Body of newborn infants contain 0.3g-0.5g of iron whereas adult content is 5g. To reach this level 0.8g-1.5mg of iron must be absorbed each day from diet and 8-10mg of iron is necessary in nutrition.

5. ETIOLOGY NUTRITIONAL *( Rapid growth, insufficient dietary intake, limited abs orption of dietary iron combine t o place child at risk, also * Anemic mother * Increased iron demands * Cow milk * Poor weaning BLOOD LOSS IMPARED ABSORPTION : celiac disease

6. ETIOLOGY IN NEONATES * Feto maternal transfusion * Bleeding from umbilical cord * Hemorrhagic disease of newborn, like vit K and clotting factor 2,7,9,10 deficiency IN CHILDREN * hookworm infestation * Peptic ulcer disease * IBD

7. CLINICAL FINDINGS Mild iron deficiency is relatively asymptomatic As it becomes more severe ,the infant manifests Irritability Anorexia Lethargy Easy fatigability Tachycardia Pica pagophagia If very severe, H b less 3gm/dl there may be signs of congestive heart failure, like cardiomegaly ,distended neck veins

8. DIAGNOSIS Hb levels ,low Leukocyte count, normal RBC morphology ,microcytic hypochromic anemia,poikilocytes may also be seen MCV(80-100fl) ,MCH(27-33pg/cell, MCHC(32-36g/dl) ,low Serum iron level, less than 30μg\dl Serum ferritin level, less than 8-12μg\l RDW is earliest detectable laboratory change,RDW greater than 14.5%is consistent with iron deficiency

9. PREVENTION Breast feeding should be encouraged Adding iron supplements at 4months of age in breastfed babies Infants not breastfed should receive iron fortified formula for the first year Encourage food that contains iron ,in children like dates, green vegetables, iron fortified cereals, red meat .

10. MANAGEMENT IRON THERAPY In mild to moderate anemia, oral iron at a dose of 3-6mg/kg/day , after starting the therapy symptoms will start improving Reticulocytes begin to increase ,peak at 5-7days Hb levels begin to increase within4-30days,rate of Hb rise is 0.1-0.4g/dl/day It takes 1-3months for repletion of iron stores DIETARY COUNSELING At weaning age give eggs,meat,apple juice, green vegetables BLOOD TRANSFUSION In case of severe anemia, packed RBC transfused 2-3ml/kg in 12-24hours CORRECT UNDERLYING CAUSE IF ANY

11. THANKYOU Reference Book Pervez Akbar Khan Step up medicine