IRON DEFICIENCY DISORDER IN NEPAL . pptx

Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia, in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues.

1. IRON DEFICIENCY DISORDER The best sign of healthy relationship is no sign of it on social media

2. Iron is a chemical element with symbol Fe and atomic number 26. I mportant component of hemoglobin , the substance in red blood cells that carries oxygen from your lungs to transport it throughout your body. Available in the human body in two state - Reduced state with two positive charge Ferrous iron (Fe++) Oxidized state with three positive charges ferric iron(Fe+++) INTRODUCTION

3. works protein chains in the metabolism producing energy and transferring oxygen . f ound in many enzymes and also requires to the formation of new amino acids and hormones. Absorption is high when there is low level iron storage and absorbs low in the high level in stomach . Plays as a cofactor to enzymes being involved in oxidation and reduction reactions.

4. Iron requirements : A bout 14ug of iron per body weights or approximately 0.9 mg in adult male & 0.8mg in adult female is lost in stool and urine everyday. Iron is also lost during menstrual period .

5. Causes of iron deficiency Iron deficiency has many causes, which mainly falls into two main categories as follows: Increased iron needs Decreased iron intake or absorption

6. Increased iron need Many condition can lead to the increased need of iron. Rapid growth: Infants and toddlers require more iron than older children which is hard to get from the normal diet and causes iron deficiency. Pregnancy: Women who are pregnant have higher need of iron which should be supplied through supplements as recommended by health professionals. Blood loss: Blood loss may occur due to heavy menstrual bleeding, frequent blood donation or due to some stomach and intestinal conditions. In such cases the iron demand in the body increases which if not supplied can cause iron deficiency.

7. Decreased iron intake or absorption Iron from plants is absorbed two to three times less efficiently than from animal iron. The amount of iron absorbed in the body depends upon the diet we eat. Vegetarian diet are low in iron content which causes iron deficiency. Substances such as tea coffee, whole grains, legumes and dairy product decreases the amount of iron absorbed at meal. Calcium can also decrease the iron absorption. Some other factors such as intake of antacid in over dose can reduce the amount of acid in the stomach and iron absorbed and can lead to iron deficiency.

8. Groups at Risk of Iron Inadequacy Pregnant women Infants and young children Frequent blood donors People with cancer Women with heavy menstrual bleeding

9. Iron deficiency anemia Iron deficiency anemia is a common type of anemia, in which blood lacks adequate healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells carry oxygen to the body's tissues. Causes: Iron deficiency anemia occurs when your body doesn't have enough iron to produce hemoglobin. The causes of iron deficiency anemia includes Blood loss Pregnancy Lack of iron in diet Inability to absorb iron

10. 1. Extreme fatigue 2. Weakness 3. Pale skin 4. Chest pain, fast heartbeat or shortness of breath 5. Headache, dizziness or lightheadedness 6. Cold hands and feet 7. Inflammation or soreness of your tongue 8. Brittle nails 9. Unusual cravings for non-nutritive substances, such as ice, dirt or starch 10. Poor appetite, especially in infants and children with iron deficiency anemia Symptoms

11. Disease Anaemia Iron Deficiency Anaemia of Cancer Anaemia of Renal Failure Anaemia in elderly people and chronic diseases Heart problems Problem during pregnancy Growth problems

12. Global prevalancve : The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that approximately half of the 1.62 billion cases of anemia worldwide are due to iron deficiency the mean blood haemoglobin concentration was : 111 g/L (95% credibility interval(Cl): : 110—113) in children 126 g/L (95% CI: 124—128) in non-pregnant women 114 g/L (95% CI: 112—116) in pregnat women In developing countries, iron deficiency often results from enteropathies and blood loss associated with gastrointestinal parasites

13. South-East Asia, Eastern Mediterranean and African Regions had the lowest mean blood haemoglobin concentrations and the highest prevalences of anaemia across population group Regionally, the WHO African, South-East Asia and Western Pacific Regions had very high coverage , with over 90% of the population covered by anaemia survey data for children and women while the WHO European Region had only 18–23% of the population covered by survey data

14. PREVENTION OF IRON DEFICIENCY Iron supplementation during pregnancy A ccording to WHO 60 mg elemental iron and 250 mg folic acid daily for 6 months and additional 3 months in postpartum period in low prevalence countries Treatment of hookworm infection S ingle dose of albendazole 400mg stat Or mebendazole 100mg BD for 3 days Improvements of dietary habits I ron rich food Cook food in iron utensils

15. Watch over people who are particularly at risk, help them to improve their diets or to get iron supplements Promotion of sanitation for prevention from worm infestation Eat more foods which contain haem iron, such as meat, fish, etc. Encourage families to space pregnancies at least 2 years apart. Make sure that low birth weight babies are given iron supplements from the age of 2 months as well as breast fed.

16. Additional interventions Prevention of malaria Prevention and treatment of hookworm infestation Iron fortification of food Early identification and referral Balanced diet rich in iron Iron supplementation