IRRIGATION AND ITS METHODS (In Agriculture).pptx

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1. IRRIGATION AND ITS METHODS

2. INTRODUCTION Crops require water at regular interval of time for proper growth and development. This supply of water is known as irrigation. Irrigation is defined as the artificial application of water to the soil for the purpose of crop production in supplement to rain fall and ground water contribution.

3. IRRIGATION METHODS A) Surface irrigation B) Sub-surface irrigation C) Drip irrigation D) Sprinkler irrigation

4. Criteria for selection of irrigation methods Water supply source Topography Quantity of water to be applied The crop Method of cultivation

5. A) Surface irrigation method Surface irrigation is the most common method. This method is suitable for low to moderate infiltration rates and levelled land sand having less then 2-3% slope. It is labour intensive. Surface is grouped as border irrigation, check basin irrigation and furrow irrigation.

6. B) SUB SURFACE IRRIGATION METHOD Water is applied beneath the ground by creating and maintaining an artificial water table at some depth, usually 30-75 cm below the ground surface. Suitable to all types of soils. No wastage of land. Cultivation operation can be carried out without concern for the irrigation period.

7. C) DRIP IRRIGATION METHOD This irrigation is one of the latest and modern methods of irrigation. It is suitable for water scarcity and salt affected soils. High water use efficiency. Economy in weed control. High investment and reusable. Irrigation at variable topographic conditions. Salinity control.

8. D) Sprinkler irrigation method Sprinkler irrigation is the modern irrigation techniques. Sprinkler irrigation is application simulating rainfall overhead so overhead sprinklers. Water is applied at a rate less than infiltration rate of the soil hence the runoff irrigation is avoided. Suitable for course textured soils (sandy soils). Reduces erosion.

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